EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO COLD AND OF DIET ON COENZYME A LEVELS IN TISSUES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Campbell ◽  
Gordon R. Green ◽  
Eduard Schönbaum ◽  
Harvey Socol
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Complete Diet

Exposure of adult rats to a cold environment increased the coenzyme A (CoA) extractable from their livers. The increases, in rats fed a complete diet, were found within 3 days, and were larger the longer the duration of exposure, amounting to 6, 27, and 60% above the control values after 3, 17, and 24 days respectively. The relations were similar when the CoA from the liver was expressed per unit weight of fresh tissue, or of liver total solids, or of whole body. When rats were fed a diet deficient in pantothenic acid, exposure to cold also resulted in elevation of CoA in the liver, but the differences did not progress with the duration of exposure. The liver CoA was further increased by the addition of large amounts of ascorbic acid to both the complete and the pantothenate-deficient diets. This effect of ascorbic acid occurred in rats under both ordinary and cold environmental conditions. Exposure to cold did not alter the concentration of CoA in the adrenal glands, but caused enlargement of the glands so that the amount of CoA in the adrenal per unit weight of the whole body increased. Other alterations in these animals exposed to cold included enlargement of the kidneys and heart, and decrease in depot fat. Deficiency of pantothenate in the diet slowed the rate of growth of young rats and significantly reduced the levels of CoA in the liver and the adrenal glands.

EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO COLD AND OF DIET ON COENZYME A LEVELS IN TISSUES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
James Campbell ◽  
Gordon R. Green ◽  
Eduard Schönbaum ◽  
Harvey Socol
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Complete Diet

Exposure of adult rats to a cold environment increased the coenzyme A (CoA) extractable from their livers. The increases, in rats fed a complete diet, were found within 3 days, and were larger the longer the duration of exposure, amounting to 6, 27, and 60% above the control values after 3, 17, and 24 days respectively. The relations were similar when the CoA from the liver was expressed per unit weight of fresh tissue, or of liver total solids, or of whole body. When rats were fed a diet deficient in pantothenic acid, exposure to cold also resulted in elevation of CoA in the liver, but the differences did not progress with the duration of exposure. The liver CoA was further increased by the addition of large amounts of ascorbic acid to both the complete and the pantothenate-deficient diets. This effect of ascorbic acid occurred in rats under both ordinary and cold environmental conditions. Exposure to cold did not alter the concentration of CoA in the adrenal glands, but caused enlargement of the glands so that the amount of CoA in the adrenal per unit weight of the whole body increased. Other alterations in these animals exposed to cold included enlargement of the kidneys and heart, and decrease in depot fat. Deficiency of pantothenate in the diet slowed the rate of growth of young rats and significantly reduced the levels of CoA in the liver and the adrenal glands.

EFFECTS OF COLD, ASCORBIC ACID, AND AGE ON “FORMALDEHYDE-INDUCED” ARTHRITIS IN THE WHITE RAT

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Louis-Paul Dugal
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Experimental Arthritis ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Exposure To Cold

Ascorbic acid has been claimed to have a definite antirheumatic activity in humans. It has also been found to have a slight protective action against experimental arthritis in animals. We have been able to show that ascorbic acid has a definite and significant beneficial effect on the same disease in adult rats, but not in young animals. Moreover, our results show that the formalde hyde-induced arthritis is greatly aggravated by exposure to cold.

RELATIONS THYROÏDE–SURRÉNALES DANS L'ADAPTATION AU FROID

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
André DesMarais
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Acid Administration

Recent studies have stressed the relations between the thyroid and adrenal glands. A review of the literature on this subject leads to the hypothesis that a quantitative relationship between the thyroid and corticoadrenal hormones seems to play an important part in the defence of the organism exposed to cold. Experimental work on normal, adrenalectomized, thyroidectomized, and adrenalectomized–thyroidectomized rats receiving various doses of cortisone and (or) thyroxine emphasizes the existence of such a quantitative relation between thyroxine and cortisone. The administration of thyroxine can prevent the catabolic action of cortisone in animals exposed to cold. Analysis of the results seems to show that exposure to cold is not a stress, provided the increase in thyroid function is sufficient to meet the requirements of the organism. From these experiments and other results obtained in this laboratory, a new basis can be laid down for the understanding of the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid in animals exposed to cold. It has been shown repeatedly that administration of ascorbic acid can prevent to some extent the catabolic effects of exposure to cold. It has also been observed that ascorbic acid administration decreases the degree of thyroid hyperactivity in animals exposed to cold. On the other hand, it has been shown that thyroxine administration can also prevent the catabolic effects of exposure to cold. It seems logical to assume that ascorbic acid might, in some way, reduce the thyroid hormone requirements of the cold exposed animals. Up to the present, only indirect evidence of such a mechanism has been obtained; it is hoped that further experimentation will provide a definite insight into this problem.

RELATIONS THYROÏDE–SURRÉNALES DANS L'ADAPTATION AU FROID

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032
Author(s):  
André DesMarais
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Acid Administration

Recent studies have stressed the relations between the thyroid and adrenal glands. A review of the literature on this subject leads to the hypothesis that a quantitative relationship between the thyroid and corticoadrenal hormones seems to play an important part in the defence of the organism exposed to cold. Experimental work on normal, adrenalectomized, thyroidectomized, and adrenalectomized–thyroidectomized rats receiving various doses of cortisone and (or) thyroxine emphasizes the existence of such a quantitative relation between thyroxine and cortisone. The administration of thyroxine can prevent the catabolic action of cortisone in animals exposed to cold. Analysis of the results seems to show that exposure to cold is not a stress, provided the increase in thyroid function is sufficient to meet the requirements of the organism. From these experiments and other results obtained in this laboratory, a new basis can be laid down for the understanding of the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid in animals exposed to cold. It has been shown repeatedly that administration of ascorbic acid can prevent to some extent the catabolic effects of exposure to cold. It has also been observed that ascorbic acid administration decreases the degree of thyroid hyperactivity in animals exposed to cold. On the other hand, it has been shown that thyroxine administration can also prevent the catabolic effects of exposure to cold. It seems logical to assume that ascorbic acid might, in some way, reduce the thyroid hormone requirements of the cold exposed animals. Up to the present, only indirect evidence of such a mechanism has been obtained; it is hoped that further experimentation will provide a definite insight into this problem.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF INTRACEREBRAL CORTICOID IMPLANTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaul Feldman ◽  
Nisim Conforti ◽  
Julian M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Unilateral Adrenalectomy ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Medial Hypothalamus ◽  
Post Implantation

ABSTRACT Chronic implantation of cortisol acetate in the basal medial hypothalamus resulted in a steady decrease in weight of the adrenal glands which remained severely atrophic up to 70 days post-implantation. At this time, however, the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion response to unilateral adrenalectomy was normal. The compensatory adrenal hypertrophy (CAH) response, which was inhibited in the immediate post-operative period, reappeared later, and had returned to normal by 21 days postoperatively. Intramuscular administration of cortisol in unimplanted rats inhibited CAH at 14 or 21 days following onset of treatment, and prevented the recovery of CAH in animals implanted 21 days previously with cortisol in the median eminence. The possibility is discussed that the differential recovery of the responses to unilateral adrenalectomy in implanted animals with continuing atrophy of the adrenal cortex is due to some adaptation of central nervous mechanisms subserving the CAH response.

Effect of Whole-Body Exposure to Cold and Wind on Lung Function in Asthmatic Patients

CHEST Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 1728-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Koskela ◽  
Hannu Tukiainen ◽  
Aulikki Kononoff ◽  
Heikki Pekkarinen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Exposure To Cold

scholarly journals Whole-body Retention and Tissue Distribution of Cesium-134 in New-born, Young and Adult Rats

1967 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro INABA ◽  
Naonori MATSUSAKA ◽  
Ryushi ICHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
New Born ◽  
Body Retention

Signalling functions of coenzyme A and its derivatives in mammalian cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongorzul Davaapil ◽  
Yugo Tsuchiya ◽  
Ivan Gout
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Vitamin B5 ◽  
Coa Thioesters ◽  
Living Organisms

In all living organisms, CoA (coenzyme A) is synthesized in a highly conserved process that requires pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), cysteine and ATP. CoA is uniquely designed to function as an acyl group carrier and a carbonyl-activating group in diverse biochemical reactions. The role of CoA and its thioester derivatives, including acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA), in the regulation of cellular metabolism has been extensively studied and documented. The main purpose of the present review is to summarize current knowledge on extracellular and intracellular signalling functions of CoA/CoA thioesters and to speculate on future developments in this area of research.

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