INFLUENCE OF EXPOSURE TO COLD AND ASCORBIC ACID ADMINISTRATION ON THE WEIGHT AND THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF HYPO- PHYSECTOMIZED RATS GIVEN ACTH

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-680
Author(s):  
L.-P. Dugal ◽  
A. Desmarais ◽  
P. M. Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Acid Administration

Modification of the response of the adrenal gland to ACTH was observed in hypophysectomized rats exposed to cold with or without ascorbic acid treatment. Changes in weight and metabolic activity of the gland were used to measure the adrenal response. All comparisons were made between the left and the right adrenal of each animal before and after treatment. The results obtained show that cold stress increases the response of the adrenal to a standard dose of two units of ACTH; they also indicate that ascorbic acid administration increases so much the responsiveness of the adrenal gland to ACTH at room temperature that such a response is not enhanced by exposure to cold.

INFLUENCE OF EXPOSURE TO COLD AND ASCORBIC ACID ADMINISTRATION ON THE WEIGHT AND THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF HYPO- PHYSECTOMIZED RATS GIVEN ACTH

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 677-680
Author(s):  
L.-P. Dugal ◽  
A. Desmarais ◽  
P. M. Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Acid Administration

Modification of the response of the adrenal gland to ACTH was observed in hypophysectomized rats exposed to cold with or without ascorbic acid treatment. Changes in weight and metabolic activity of the gland were used to measure the adrenal response. All comparisons were made between the left and the right adrenal of each animal before and after treatment. The results obtained show that cold stress increases the response of the adrenal to a standard dose of two units of ACTH; they also indicate that ascorbic acid administration increases so much the responsiveness of the adrenal gland to ACTH at room temperature that such a response is not enhanced by exposure to cold.

EFFECT OF HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS AND HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON CORTICOID PRODUCTION IN VITRO AND ON ADRENAL WEIGHT IN RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. de Wied
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT Intact, sham-operated, hypophysectomized rats and rats bearing extensive lesions in the median eminence were stressed by ether anaesthesia. The pituitary-adrenal response to the stress was determined on the in vitro steroidogenesis by adrenal gland slices of the left gland and on adrenal weight changes in the left and right gland. The absence of compensatory adrenal hypertrophy which normally occurs following the removal of the left gland, was used as an index of the inhibition of the secretion of ACTH (corticotrophin) from the adenohypophysis in the lesioned rats. Following ether stress, corticoid production in vitro of the left adrenal gland rose considerably in intact rats. Adrenal response to stress of sham-operated animals was almost similar to that of intact rats at 4, 66 and 162 hours but significantly depressed at 18 hours following operation. Hypophysectomized and lesioned rats, however, failed to exhibit an increased steroidogenesis in vitro following ether stress at the four time intervals studied. Pitressin markedly stimulated corticoidogenesis of adrenals of lesioned rats at 18. 66 and 162 hours following the production of lesions. The weight of the left adrenal gland of lesioned and hypophysectomized rats decreased gradually during the period studied; that of the latter group decreased at a faster rate. Adrenal hypertrophy, usually observed some time after placement of a lesion, did not occur in the lesioned rats of the present experiments. Weight increase of the right adrenal removed one week following extirpation of the left gland, was similar in intact and sham-operated rats, whereas this compensatory adrenal hypertrophy was absent in hypophys-ectomized as well as in lesioned animals.

Effects of pentobarbital on temperature and heart rate of rats subjected to cold

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Gemmill ◽  
K. M. Browning
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Before And After

A study at 5 C was made of body temperature and heart rate after a standard dose of sodium pentobarbital in normal, thyroidectomized, and hypermetabolic rats before and after subjection to 5 C for 46 hr. It was found that after subjection to cold in the normal rats, the body temperature and heart rate in some animals had more ability to recover after the barbiturate than in rats without previous exposure to cold. There was no ability to recover in the thyroidectomized animals either before or after subjection to cold. Most of the normal and thyroidectomized rats either with or without previous exposure to cold given sodium 3,3',5-l-triiodothyronine (T-3) had recoveries after the barbiturate. Some rats given T-3 and subjected to cold had a primary fall in temperature and heart rate that was followed by recovery and then a secondary fall.

ON THE MECHANISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND RESPONSE TO ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Staehelin ◽  
P. Barthe ◽  
P. A. Desaulles
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Corticosterone Secretion ◽  
Metabolic Block ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The adrenal gland response to natural or synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone was studied at various periods after hypophysectomy. Adrenal ascorbic acid depletion was observed following the administration of ACTH at all intervals up to 10 days. In contrast, the capacity to respond to ACTH by an increase in corticosterone secretion was rapidly lost. Experiments with rat adrenal slices in vitro showed that the capacity to form corticosteroids following the addition of ACTH or 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP is rapidly lost after hypophysectomy, but that the adrenal slices are still capable of producing corticosterone if NADP and glucose-6-phosphate are added to the medium. It is concluded that the adrenal gland is still capable of responding to the action of ACTH for a considerable time after hypophysectomy, but that due to a metabolic block prior to the formation of NADPH, the adrenal is no longer capable of reacting by a further increase in corticosterone production. In addition, it was found that the effects of ACTH on blood flow and ascorbic acid output were parallel. Both effects were dose-dependent, but independent of any concomitant corticosterone secretion, and persisted during the whole period studied after hypophysectomy.

THYROTROPHIC HORMONE ACTIVITY IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS EXPOSED TO COLD AND RECEIVING ASCORBIC ACID

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104
Author(s):  
André DesMarais
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

Hypophysectomized rats were treated for 5 days with 0.05 unit of thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) daily, with or without administration of 150 mg of ascorbate per day, and either exposed to cold (14 °C) or kept at room temperature (24 °C). No effect of exposure to cold or ascorbate treatment could be observed on the thyroid–TSH relationship. Any effect of ascorbate treatment in these animals appears to be mediated through the circulating thyroid hormones.

THE EFFECT OF CORTICOTROPIN ON THE FORMATION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN VITRO

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. M. Barker ◽  
D. de Wied
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Preincubation Medium ◽  
Cut Surface

The effect of endogenous corticotropin on the formation of corticoids in vitro was evaluated under different experimental conditions.Corticotropin, added in vitro to the adrenals of rats exposed to a strange environment, only moderately increased corticoid production, whereas the same amounts of corticotropin markedly stimulated the steroid formation of adrenals of "non-stressed" and hypophysectomized rats. Thus, the presence of endogenous corticotropin apparently interfered with the activity of added hormone.The adrenal response to corticotropin after preincubation was more pronounced than that of non-preincubated glands. It appeared that the preincubation medium contained corticotropin-inactivating material which could be destroyed by heating. This suggests that the preincubation medium contains an enzyme that inactivates corticotropin. Presumably, this enzyme leaks into the medium from the cut surface of the adrenal gland.

THYROTROPHIC HORMONE ACTIVITY IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS EXPOSED TO COLD AND RECEIVING ASCORBIC ACID

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104
Author(s):  
André DesMarais
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

Hypophysectomized rats were treated for 5 days with 0.05 unit of thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) daily, with or without administration of 150 mg of ascorbate per day, and either exposed to cold (14 °C) or kept at room temperature (24 °C). No effect of exposure to cold or ascorbate treatment could be observed on the thyroid–TSH relationship. Any effect of ascorbate treatment in these animals appears to be mediated through the circulating thyroid hormones.

scholarly journals OBSERVATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE SUBTOTAL RESECTION OF THE ONLY ADRENAL TO THE RIGHT

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
E. V. Zhmurenko
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Adrenal Tumors ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Hormonal Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Observation Period

Relevance. Surgical intervention is the main radical and effective treatment for benign adrenal tumors. Of particular interest is the possibility of performing organ-saving operations in patients with a tumor of the contralateral adrenal gland more than 3 cm after previously undergoing adrenalectomy. Objective: to evaluate the results of the subtotal resection of the only adrenal gland on the right regarding a benign tumor. Results. This section of the article provides a detailed description of complaints, anamnesis, results of laboratory and instrumental methods of research of the patient before and after surgery. Conclusions. 1) Removal of a tumor of a single adrenal gland with its central segment and ligation of its central vein did not lead to disruption of the hormonal function of the gland during the observation period up to 2 months after surgery. 2) After a single adrenal gland resection was performed, blood pressure indices steadily decreased, which was accompanied by a decrease in doses of antihypertensive drugs.

RELATIONS THYROÏDE–SURRÉNALES DANS L'ADAPTATION AU FROID

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
André DesMarais
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Acid Administration

Recent studies have stressed the relations between the thyroid and adrenal glands. A review of the literature on this subject leads to the hypothesis that a quantitative relationship between the thyroid and corticoadrenal hormones seems to play an important part in the defence of the organism exposed to cold. Experimental work on normal, adrenalectomized, thyroidectomized, and adrenalectomized–thyroidectomized rats receiving various doses of cortisone and (or) thyroxine emphasizes the existence of such a quantitative relation between thyroxine and cortisone. The administration of thyroxine can prevent the catabolic action of cortisone in animals exposed to cold. Analysis of the results seems to show that exposure to cold is not a stress, provided the increase in thyroid function is sufficient to meet the requirements of the organism. From these experiments and other results obtained in this laboratory, a new basis can be laid down for the understanding of the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid in animals exposed to cold. It has been shown repeatedly that administration of ascorbic acid can prevent to some extent the catabolic effects of exposure to cold. It has also been observed that ascorbic acid administration decreases the degree of thyroid hyperactivity in animals exposed to cold. On the other hand, it has been shown that thyroxine administration can also prevent the catabolic effects of exposure to cold. It seems logical to assume that ascorbic acid might, in some way, reduce the thyroid hormone requirements of the cold exposed animals. Up to the present, only indirect evidence of such a mechanism has been obtained; it is hoped that further experimentation will provide a definite insight into this problem.

Effects of hypophysectomy and metyrapone on the catecholamine content and volumes of adrenaline- and noradrenaline-storing cells in the rat adrenal medulla

1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Coupland ◽  
A. Tomlinson ◽  
J. Crowe ◽  
D. N. Brindley
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Catecholamine Content ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Adrenal Volume

ABSTRACT Using morphometric analysis and high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection of catecholamines the volumes of adrenaline-storing (A) and noradrenaline-storing (NA) cells and the adrenaline and noradrenaline contents of adrenal glands of normal and age-matched hypophysectomized rats were determined and compared. Some hypophysectomized rats were also administered 150 mg metyrapone/kg daily for a 4-week period. Hypophysectomy resulted in an increase in noradrenaline storage in adrenal glands. This was more marked in hypophysectomized animals not treated with metyrapone even though the combination of metyrapone and hypophysectomy resulted in a reduction of blood corticosterone concentration to only ∼ 6% normal. There was no evidence of a change in proportion of A and NA cells in the adrenal medulla of hypophysectomized rats or hypophysectomized animals treated with metyrapone and it is concluded that the changes in amine concentrations and proportions observed reflect an increase in the storage of noradenaline in A cells as a consequence of less efficient methylation of noradrenaline after hypophysectomy. The findings also showed that the left adrenal gland and medulla was usually slightly larger and had a greater catecholamine content and slightly higher proportion of NA cells than the right adrenal gland. During the period of the experiment (animals aged 6–15 weeks) there was an increase in the concentration of both adrenaline and noradrenaline in the normal adrenal glands. In normal Sprague—Dawley rats weighing 140 and 400 g the adrenal medulla accounted for some 5% of adrenal volume; this increased to 13% after hypophysectomy; A and NA cells together accounted for 50–60% of the volume of adrenal medulla. J. Endocr. (1984) 101, 345–352

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