CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CEREBRAL ARTERIES: THE CONCENTRATION OF LIPIDS AND MINERALS COMPARED WITH THOSE IN THE INTERNAL CAROTID

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Buck ◽  
James C. Paterson ◽  
Roger J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

The concentration of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, total phospholipid, nonlipid phosphorus, calcium, and fat-free dry residue was determined in the internal carotid and cerebral arteries obtained at autopsy from a series of 14 male subjects ranging in age from 40 to 85 yr. From these figures the concentration of cholesterol ester and percentage of the total cholesterol in the ester form was calculated.In terms of wet weight, there was, in general, no significant difference between the mean concentration of lipids in the internal carotid arteries and that in the cerebral arteries. On the other hand, the mean concentration of calcium and nonlipid phosphorus was much greater in the internal carotid arteries than in the cerebral arteries.By the method of rank correlation it was found that for both vessels the concentration of total, free, and ester cholesterol was significantly correlated with both age and the severity of the atherosclerosis. Ester cholesterol expressed as a percentage of total cholesterol was also significantly correlated with age and the severity of the disease process.For the internal carotid artery, the concentration of calcium and nonlipid phosphorus was correlated with both age and the severity of the atherosclerosis. This was in contrast to the cerebral arteries in which the concentration of calcium and nonlipid phosphorus was extremely low and was found to be correlated neither with age nor the severity of the disease process.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CEREBRAL ARTERIES: THE CONCENTRATION OF LIPIDS AND MINERALS COMPARED WITH THOSE IN THE INTERNAL CAROTID

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Buck ◽  
James C. Paterson ◽  
Roger J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

The concentration of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, total phospholipid, nonlipid phosphorus, calcium, and fat-free dry residue was determined in the internal carotid and cerebral arteries obtained at autopsy from a series of 14 male subjects ranging in age from 40 to 85 yr. From these figures the concentration of cholesterol ester and percentage of the total cholesterol in the ester form was calculated.In terms of wet weight, there was, in general, no significant difference between the mean concentration of lipids in the internal carotid arteries and that in the cerebral arteries. On the other hand, the mean concentration of calcium and nonlipid phosphorus was much greater in the internal carotid arteries than in the cerebral arteries.By the method of rank correlation it was found that for both vessels the concentration of total, free, and ester cholesterol was significantly correlated with both age and the severity of the atherosclerosis. Ester cholesterol expressed as a percentage of total cholesterol was also significantly correlated with age and the severity of the disease process.For the internal carotid artery, the concentration of calcium and nonlipid phosphorus was correlated with both age and the severity of the atherosclerosis. This was in contrast to the cerebral arteries in which the concentration of calcium and nonlipid phosphorus was extremely low and was found to be correlated neither with age nor the severity of the disease process.

DIFFICULTIES IN DIAGNOSING MOYA-MOYA DISEASE (CLINICAL CASE)

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Novikova I.N. ◽  
Popova T.F. ◽  
Gribacheva I.A. ◽  
Petrova E.V. ◽  
Marushchak A.A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Angiography ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Moya Moya Disease ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries ◽  
Made In

Moya-Moya disease is a rare progressive chronic cer-ebrovascular disease characterized by a narrowing of the lumen of the intracranial segments of the internal carotid arteries, as well as the initial segments of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries with the devel-opment of a network of small vascular anastomoses. Violations of blood supply due to occlusion lead to the development of ischemic strokes in the correspond-ing pools, and ruptures of vascular anastomoses - to the development of hemorrhagic strokes, causing a variety of neurological disorders. The article presents a clinical case of Moya-Moya disease in a 31-year-old patient. The disease was manifested by acute disorders of cerebral circulation in ischemic and hemorrhagic types. The diagnosis was made in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of the disease based on the data of endovascular cerebral angiography.

Embolism from intracranial aneurysms

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshisuke Sakaki ◽  
Kazuhiko Kinugawa ◽  
Tatsuo Tanigake ◽  
Seiji Miyamoto ◽  
Kikuo Kyoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries ◽  
Distal Artery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Embolism from an aneurysm is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic symptoms associated with intracranial aneurysms. Four cases are reported in which aneurysms of the internal carotid arteries and middle cerebral arteries were the source of emboli resulting in cerebral infarction. In the treatment of these aneurysms, it is best to clip the neck of the aneurysm with great care to avoid embolism due to extrusion of clot into the distal artery.

Unilateral sudden hearing loss as the first presenting symptom of moyamoya disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
L-S Tseng ◽  
S-D Luo
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

AbstractObjective:We describe a rare case of sudden onset of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss occurring as the first symptom of moyamoya disease, which is characterised by progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal anterior cerebral arteries and middle cerebral arteries.Method:Case report and review of the world literature regarding moyamoya disease with hearing loss.Results:The reported patient had moyamoya disease that initially presented as sudden, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging showed occlusion of the anterior cerebral, middle cerebral and distal internal carotid arteries bilaterally. The possible mechanism of this patient's sudden sensorineural hearing loss may have been vascular occlusion resulting from thrombotic narrowing or blockage by plaque.Conclusion:The described patient represents the first reported case of sudden onset, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss occurring as the first symptom of moyamoya disease. The possibility of a vascular lesion such as moyamoya disease should be considered in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, especially children, young adults and Asian patients. Due to this disease's poor outcome, early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent stroke.

Vascular geometry of the extracranial carotid arteries: an analysis of length, diameter, and tortuosity

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq A Choudhry ◽  
John T Grantham ◽  
Ansaar T Rai ◽  
Jeffery P Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

BackgroundStable access is essential for successful intracranial interventions. Quantifying variations in extracranial carotid arteries may help in the selection and development of access catheters. This study describes the vascular dimensions from the aortic arch to the skull base.MethodsCT angiography analysis was performed on 100 patients. The lengths, diameters, and tortuosity of the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) were measured from the aortic arch to the skull base.ResultsThe mean±SD length of the carotid artery from the aortic arch to the skull base was 22.2±2.2 cm for the right side and 20.8±1.9 cm for the left side (p<0.0001). The length of the right CCA was 13.6±1.2 cm and the length of the left CCA was 12.4±1.4 cm (p<0.0001). The length of the right ICA was 8.6±1.4 cm compared with 8.4±1.4 cm for the left ICA (p=0.3). The ICA length in men and women was 8.9±1.3 cm and 8.2±1.3 cm, respectively (p=0.0001), and the CCA length in men and women was 13.6±1.5 cm and 12.3±1.6 cm, respectively (p<0.0001). The lengths of the CCA and ICA in patients aged ≥60 years were 13.3±1.7 cm and 8.9±1.5 cm, respectively compared with 12.8±1.7 cm and 8.2±1.1 cm, respectively, for patients aged <60 years (p=0.04 for CCA, p=0.0002 for ICA). Tortuosity of the CCA and ICA was 1.2±0.2 and 1.3±0.1, respectively, in patients aged ≥60 years compared with 1.1±0.1 for both the ICA and CCA in patients aged <60 years (p<0.0001 for both). There was a consistent ratio of CCA/ICA length of 1.6±0.3 on the right and 1.5±0.3 on the left (p<0.0001). The arterial diameters did not show any significant difference.ConclusionsThe distance from the aortic arch to the skull base is longer on the right than on the left side. Both the CCA and ICA are longer in men and in patients aged ≥60 years. The tortuosity of both segments significantly increases with age.

Time-dependent potentiation of contractile response to norepinephrine in canine isolated cerebral arteries

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1889-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuaki Kawai ◽  
Shin Yokoyama ◽  
Toshio Ohhashi
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonists ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

The time course of contractile responses to α-adrenoceptor agonists was investigated using various arteries isolated from dogs and monkeys. The contractile response to norepinephrine was increased during the time course of the experiment in canine basilar and internal carotid arteries, whereas the response of isolated canine external carotid arteries and monkey internal carotid arteries did not change significantly. Treatment with 10−7 M propranolol, 5 × 10−6 M cocaine plus 10−5 M hydrocortisone, or 5 × 10−5 M acetylsalicylic acid did not significantly affect the time-dependent potentiation of the norepinephrine-induced contraction in canine internal carotid arteries. The time-dependent enhancement in the response to norepinephrine was also observed in the arterial preparations from which the endothelial cells were removed. The contractile response of canine internal carotid arteries to phenylephrine did not alter significantly throughout the experiments. On the other hand, the responses to clonidine and xylazine were markedly enhanced with time. Significant potentiation of the norepinephrine-induced contraction was observed in canine internal carotid arteries treated with 10−8 M prazosin, whereas 10−8 M yohimbine attenuated the time-dependent potentiation. These results suggest that the contractile responses of isolated canine basilar and internal carotid arteries to norepinephrine are potentiated during the course of the experiment, which is likely to be related, in part, to an enhancement in α2-adrenoceptor mediated contraction.Key words: α2-adrenoceptor, dog, cerebral artery, enhancement of contraction, vascular smooth muscle.

scholarly journals Reactivity of larger intracranial arteries using 7 T MRI in young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1204-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baraa K Al-Khazraji ◽  
Leena N Shoemaker ◽  
Joseph S Gati ◽  
Trevor Szekeres ◽  
J Kevin Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Pulse Sequence ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

The larger intracranial conduit vessels contribute to the total cerebral vascular resistance, and understanding their vasoreactivity to physiological stimuli is required when attempting to understand regional brain perfusion. Reactivity of the larger cerebral conduit arteries remains understudied due to a need for improved imaging methods to simultaneously assess these vessels in a single stimulus. We characterized reactivity of basal intracranial conduit arteries (basilar, right and left posterior, middle and anterior cerebral arteries) and the right and left internal carotid arteries, to manipulations in end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2). Cross-sectional area changes (%CSA) were evaluated from high-resolution (0.5 mm isotropic) images collected at 7 T using a T1-weighted 3D SPACE pulse sequence, providing high contrast between vessel lumen and surrounding tissue. Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated as %CSA/ΔPetCO2 in eight healthy individuals (18–23 years) during normocapnia (41 ± 4 mmHg), hypercapnia (48 ± 4 mmHg; breathing 5% CO2, balance oxygen), and hypocapnia (31 ± 8 mmHg; via hyperventilation). Reactivity to hypercapnia ranged from 0.8%/mmHg in the right internal carotid artery to 2.7%/mmHg in the left anterior cerebral artery. During hypocapnia, vasoconstriction ranged from 0.9%/mmHg in the basilar artery to 2.6%/mmHg in the right posterior cerebral artery. Heterogeneous cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia and hypocapnia was characterized across basal intracranial conduit and internal carotid arteries.

Congenital Otosclerosis in a Child with Bilateral Aberrant Internal Carotid Arteries

2001 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo A. Ibarra ◽  
Prabhakar Kesava ◽  
John L. Fewins
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

scholarly journals AB0191 ON WHICH FACTOR TO ACT TO REDUCE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1119.3-1120
Author(s):  
L. Nacef ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
H. Riahi ◽  
Y. Mabrouk ◽  
E. Labbene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

Background:Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at higher cardiovascular risk (CVR) than the general population due to chronic inflammation. Several factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable, can increase this risk. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was considered as a marker for atherosclerosis.Objectives:This study aimed to identify predictor factors of increasing IMT.Methods:The prospective study was carried out on patients with RA who met the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria. These patients were followed in the rheumatology department of the Kassab Institute. The socio-demographic data, biological and immunological parameters were collected.Framingham’s score quantified the cardiovascular risk at 10-years. Carotid Ultrasonography (US) using a high resolution B mode carotid measured intima-media thickness (IMT) as a subclinical marker of atherosclerosis. Carotid US was performed in the supine position, according to American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. IMT was measured in the left (LCC) and right (RCC) common carotid arteries, the left (LIC) and right (RIC) internal carotid arteries, and the left (LEC) and right (RIC) internal carotid arteries. An increased IMT was defined as ≥0.9 mm.We analyzed data by the SPSS statistical package. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.Results:Of the 47 patients surveyed, 78.7% were female. The mean age was 52.5 ±11.06 [32-76]. The duration disease was 86.25 ±63 months [5-288] and was erosive in 81.6% of cases. The rheumatoid factor (RF) was positive in 57.8% of patients, and citrullinated antipeptide antibodies (ACPA) were present in 62.2%. Eight patients had a previous CV history (hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia) and 16.4% were active smokers. Among women, 43.6% were postmenopausal. ITM was significantly higher in men at LIC (0.037) and LEC (0.025). Older age was associated with increased ITM in LIC (p=0.046; r=0.295), LEC (p=0.05; r=0.412), RCC (p=0.034; r=0.317), and REC (p=0.009; r=0.382). The ITM for LCC, LIC, LEC, RCC, RIC, and REC was higher in postmenopausal women, with no significant difference (p=0.782, p=0.208, p=0.877, r=0.734, p=0.808, p=0.437, respectively).Among the modifiable factors, active smoking was associated with a higher ITM at the REC level (p=0.047). However, weight was not associated with an increased ITM (LCC: p=0.092; LIC: p=0.985; LEC: p=0.952; RCC: p=0.744; RIC: p=0.210; REC: p=0.510). In our study, there was no significant association between DAS28 disease activity or inflammatory marks and ITM (LCC: p=0.784; LIC: p=0.316; LEC: p=0.420; RCC: p=0.784; RIC: p=0.484; REC: p=0.754).Conclusion:In our study, the non-modifiable factors associated with increased ITM were advanced age and male gender. The modifiable factor impacting ITM was primarily active smoking. Surprisingly, disease activity and biological inflammation did not influence ITM.References:[1]S. Gunter and al. Arterial wave reflection and subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2018; 36: clinical e.xperimental.[2]Aslan and al. Assessment of local carotid stiffness in seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid Arthritis. Scandinavian cardiovascular journal, 2017.[3]Martin i. Wah-suarez and al, carotid ultrasound findings in rheumatoid arthritis and control subjects: a case-control study. Int j rheum dis. 2018;1–7.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals POS0586 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IS AN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE WITH A HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 526.1-526
Author(s):  
L. Nacef ◽  
H. Riahi ◽  
Y. Mabrouk ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
K. Maatallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background:Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are traditional risk factors of cardiac events. Carotid ultrasonography is an available way to detect subclinical atherosclerosis.Objectives:This study aimed to compare the intima-media thickness in RA patients based on their personal cardiovascular (CV) history of hypertension (hypertension), diabetes, and dyslipidemia.Methods:The present study is a prospective study conducted on Tunisian RA patients in the rheumatology department of Mohamed Kassab University Hospital (March and December 2020). The characteristics of the patients and those of the disease were collected.The high-resolution B-mode carotid US measured the IMT, according to American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. The carotid bulb below its bifurcation and the internal and external carotid arteries were evaluated bilaterally with grayscale, spectral, and color Doppler ultrasonography using proprietary software for carotid artery measurements. IMT was measured using the two inner layers of the common carotid artery, and an increased IMT was defined as ≥0.9 mm. A Framingham score was calculated to predict the cardiovascular risk at 10-year.Results:Forty-seven patients were collected, 78.7% of whom were women. The mean age was 52.5 ±11.06 [32-76]. The rheumatoid factor (RF) was positive in 57.8% of cases, and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) were positive in 62.2% of cases. RA was erosive in 81.6% of cases. Hypertension (hypertension) was present in 14.9% of patients, diabetes in 12.8% of patients, and dyslipidemia in 12.8% of patients. Nine patients were active smokers. The mean IMT in the left common carotid (LCC) was 0.069 ±0.015, in the left internal carotid (LIC) was 0.069 ±0.015, in the left external carotid (LEC) was 0.060 ±0.023. The mean IMT was 0.068 ±0.01 in the right common carotid (RCC), 0.062 ±0.02 in the right internal carotid (RIC), and 0.060 ±0.016 in the right external carotid (REC). The IMT was significantly higher in the left common carotid (LCC) in patients with hypertension (p=0.025). There was no significant difference in the other ultrasound sites (LIC, LEC, RCC, RIC, and REC) according to the presence or absence of hypertension. The IMT was also significantly increased in patients with diabetes at LCC (p=0.017) and RIC (p=0.025). There was no significant difference in the IMT at different ultrasound sites between patients with and without dyslipidemia.Conclusion:Hypertension was significantly associated with the increase in IMT at the LCC level in RA patients. Diabetes had an impact on IMT in LCC and RIC. However, dyslipidemia did not affect the IMT at the different ultrasound sites.References:[1]S. Gunter and al. Arterial wave reflection and subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2018; 36: Clinical E.xperimental.[2]Aslan and al. Assessment of local carotid stiffness in seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. SCANDINAVIAN CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL, 2017.[3]Martin I. Wah-Suarez and al, Carotid ultrasound findings in rheumatoid arthritis and control subjects: A case-control study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2018;1–7.[4]Gobbic C and al. Marcadores subclínicos de aterosclerosis y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en artritis temprana. Subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors in early arthritis marcadores subclínicos de aterosclerose e fatores de risco cardiovascular na artrite precoce.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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