Obesity, syndrome X, and diabetes: the role of HISS-dependent insulin resistance altered by sucrose, an antioxidant cocktail, and ageThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue celebrating the 125th anniversary of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Manitoba.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ming ◽  
Dallas J. Legare ◽  
W. Wayne Lautt
Keyword(s):  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
University Of Manitoba ◽  
The University

Absence of meal-induced insulin sensitization (AMIS) results in a predictable progression of dysfunctions, including postprandial hyperglycemia, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, resultant hyperlipidemia, increased oxidative stress, and obesity, progressing to syndrome X and diabetes. To test the ‘AMIS syndrome’ hypothesis we used 3 known means of producing graded and progressive changes in meal-induced insulin sensitization in rats. We used an aging model (9, 26, and 52 weeks), associated with a slow development of AMIS; a low-dose sucrose supplement model to accelerate the development of AMIS; and an antioxidant cocktail (S-adenosylmethionine, vitamin E, and vitamin C) to protect against the effect of the sucrose on meal-induced insulin sensitization. Adiposity was assessed from weighed regional fat masses and bioelectrical impedance. AMIS developed with age, was increased by sucrose supplementation, and was inhibited by the antioxidant cocktail. AMIS correlated with postprandial hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and with adiposity (r2 = 0.7–0.8) regardless of age or nutrient status. The range of degrees of AMIS, established over time with these models, afforded the tool with which to test the AMIS syndrome and further the argument that AMIS is the first metabolic defect that cumulatively leads to a predictable series of homeostatic disturbances and dysfunctions, including obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Attenuation of age- and sucrose-induced insulin resistance and syndrome X by a synergistic antioxidant cocktail: the AMIS syndrome and HISS hypothesisThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue on Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wayne Lautt ◽  
Zhi Ming ◽  
Dallas J. Legare
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
One Year

Absence of meal-induced insulin sensitization (AMIS) results in a predictable progression of dysfunctions, including postprandial hyperglycemia, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, resultant hyperlipidemia, increased oxidative stress, and obesity, progressing to syndrome X and diabetes. To one year of age, rats show a slow development of AMIS, but this can be potentiated by addition of a low-dose sucrose supplement to the diet. Provision of a synergistic antioxidant cocktail consisting of S-adenosylmethionine, vitamin E, and vitamin C (Samec) attenuates the rate and extent of development of AMIS in both normal aging animals and in aging animals on the sucrose diet. Adiposity, assessed from weighed regional fat masses and from bioelectrical impedance to estimate whole-body adiposity, correlated strongly with AMIS (r2 = 0.7–0.8). Rats given the sucrose supplement had accelerated AMIS and developed fasting hyperinsulinemia and postprandial hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and adiposity. Samec completely compensated for the negative impact of this sucrose supplement and attenuated development of the associated dysfunctions. AMIS is explained by the HISS (hepatic insulin-sensitizing substance) hypothesis, which is outlined in the paper.

Cranberries improve postprandial glucose excursions in type 2 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3083-3090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jace Schell ◽  
Nancy M. Betts ◽  
Megan Foster ◽  
R. Hal Scofield ◽  
Arpita Basu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia

An overview of the role of dried cranberries in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia and inflammation in type 2 diabetes and the subsequent risks of vascular complications.

scholarly journals Cardiolipin synthesis is required to support human cholesterol biosynthesis from palmitate upon serum removal in Hela cellsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue celebrating the 125th anniversary of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Manitoba.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin D. Hauff ◽  
Seok-Yong Choi ◽  
Michael A. Frohman ◽  
Grant M. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Mock Control ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
University Of Manitoba ◽  
The University ◽  
Serum Free Conditions

We examined whether cardiolipin (CL) synthesis was required to support cholesterol (CH) production from palmitate in Hela cells. Knockdown of human cardiolipin synthase-1 (hCLS1) in Hela cells has been shown to reduce CL synthesis. Therefore Hela cells stably expressing shRNA for hCLS1 and mock control cells were incubated for 16 h with [14C(U)]palmitate bound to albumin (1:1 molar ratio) in the absence or presence of serum. Knockdown of hCLS1 in Hela cells resulted in a reduction in [14C(U)]palmitate incorporation into CL and CH. This reduction in [14C(U)]palmitate incorporation into CH was most pronounced during incubation under serum-free conditions. The reduction in [14C(U)]palmitate incorporation into CH was not due to alterations in total uptake of [14C(U)]palmitate into cells or altered palmitate metabolism, since [14C(U)]palmitate incorporation into phosphatidylcholine, the major [14C(U)]palmitate-containing lipid, and its immediate precursor, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol, were unaffected by hCLS1 knockdown. In addition, knockdown of hCLS1 did not affect CH pool size, indicating that CH catabolism was unaltered. Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase enzyme activity and its mRNA expression were reduced by knockdown of hCLS1 and this was most pronounced in Hela cells cultured under serum-free conditions. These data indicate that CL synthesis is required to support human de novo CH biosynthesis under conditions of increased demand for CH.

The Role of University Faculty in Fieldwork

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Etcheverry
Keyword(s):  
University Faculty ◽  
Perceived Values ◽  
Academic Faculty ◽  
University Of Manitoba ◽  
The University

Lack of consensus of the role of academic faculty as stakeholders in fieldwork education in Canada is identified. A liaison role which exists at the University of Manitoba is described and the perceived values of the role are discussed.

scholarly journals Profile of patients submitted to gastroplasty in the university hospital of Maringá - Paraná State during 2008-2009 - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v35i2.12019

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Hashimoto ◽  
Mirian Hideco Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
The University

This study evaluated the profile of patients submitted to gastroplasty in the University Hospital of Maringá during 2008-2009. Clinical charts were analyzed to obtain clinical and laboratory data of all patients with morbid obesity submitted to gastroplasty. During the study period, 28 surgeries were performed, 57% of the patients lived in Maringá, 82% female, 40 years average age, with mean body mass index (BMI) of 46.7kg m-2. It was verified that 39% of the patients maintained an usual non-hypocaloric diet, 25% had quoted dietary reeducation, 36% were sedentary, and 29% practiced some physical activity, and remaining 1/3 of patients presented no data about lifestyle. Regarding associated pathologies, 79% were hypertensive, and 71% of patients presented fasting glucose above 100 mg dL-1, but only 12 of them had diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The hospital stay length was 4 days for 89% of the patients, and 11% had surgery complications. In this group of subjects, there was a clear preponderance of females and high prevalence of other pathologies. Identifying the profile of obese patients contributes to more effective decision-making and emphasizes the crucial role of multidisciplinary approach to health promotion and prevention of early and late complications of morbid obesity and gastroplasty.

Cyanobacterial toxins and liver diseaseThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue celebrating the 125th anniversary of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Manitoba.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 773-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Labine ◽  
G.Y. Minuk
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
University Of Manitoba ◽  
The University ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Freshwater Environments ◽  
Selection Of

Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, produce a variety of toxins, some of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe and potentially life-threatening diseases in humans. As the growth of cyanobacteria within freshwater lakes increases worldwide, it is important to review our present understanding of their toxicity and potential carcinogenicity to gain insight into how these organisms impact human health. This review addresses each of these topics, with special emphasis given to cyanobacterial hepatotoxins within freshwater environments.

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