Relationship between soil metal contamination and metal resistance of callus established from mature red maple

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1073-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun A Watmough ◽  
Thomas C Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Soil Metal Contamination ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between metal contamination in surface soil and metal resistance of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) callus was examined by sampling mature trees along a transect extending away from a metal smelter at Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec. Callus tissue, established from shoots, was tested for resistance to zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) (a metalloid). Strong positive linear correlations were found between Zn resistance of callus and total Zn in soil beneath sampled trees (r = 0.83, p < 0.001) at concentrations between 73.4 and 840 mg Zn·kg-1 and between Zn resistance and H2O-extractable Zn (r = 0.83; p < 0.001) at values between 0.3 and 11.8 mg Zn·kg-1. Despite high total concentrations of As in soil, which were between 6.2 and 499 mg·kg-1, there was no significant correlation between As resistance of red maple callus and soil As levels. However, H2O-extractable As concentrations were very low (< 0.11 mg·kg-1). Concentrations of Cd and Ni in surface soil beneath trees were not high, and there were no significant correlations between Cd resistance of callus and soil Cd or between Ni resistance in vitro and soil Ni. The origin of these resistance traits, and their significance to the survival of trees in metal-polluted soils, is discussed.

Relationships Among Potassium, Calcium and Trace Elements in Tree Leaves and Associated Canopy Arthropods

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance S. Risley
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Quercus Prinus ◽  
The Relationship

There is a paucity of information that describes the relationship between the suite of nutrient elements in tree foliage and associated arthropod assemblages. Foliage from chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), hickories (Carya spp.), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), red maple (Acer rubrum), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and associated canopy arthropods were collected in an undisturbed and a 15 yr-old successional forested watershed and analyzed for K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr. Foliar Mn and Sr were found in higher concentrations in the undisturbed watershed. Foliage from hickories was generally higher in concentrations of metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) compared with other tree species. Dogwood foliage had significantly higher concentrations of Ca and significantly lower concentrations of Mn than other tree species (P &lt; 0.05). Concentrations of foliar elements in herbivore-damaged and undamaged leaves did not differ significantly (P &gt; 0.05). Concentrations of elements in and among arthropod feeding categories varied substantially such that no trends were apparent among tree species and between watersheds. The most apparent trend among arthropod feeding categories was the relatively large accumulation of K in chewing herbivores (primarily caterpillars). In general, there appeared to be increases in K, Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations from primary producers to consumers. This study contributes to arthropod nutritional ecology and to defining the role of canopy arthropods in forest ecosystem nutrient cycles.

Effect of gap harvesting on epiphytes and bark-dwelling arthropods in the Acadian forest of central Maine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2175-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Miller ◽  
Robert G. Wagner ◽  
Stephen A. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Bark Texture ◽  
The Relationship

Using a long-term silvicultural experiment, we (i) investigated how epiphyte and arthropod communities were affected by height on the stem, bark texture, and stem diameter of red maple ( Acer rubrum L.) trees, (ii) examined how harvest gaps influenced epiphyte and arthropod communities on red maple boles, and (iii) explored whether these effects influenced the relationship between the epiphyte and arthropod communities. Arthropod and epiphyte assemblages dwelling on the bark of red maple trees located in undisturbed forest and harvest gaps varied with height. Bryophytes, Cladonia spp., and cyanolichens were most abundant near the base of the tree, while noncyano, foliose lichens and fruticose lichens were most abundant 4–6 m above the ground. Acari, Araneae, and Collembola were most abundant near the base of the tree, while Diptera were most abundant above 2 m. A previously undocumented assemblage of dipterans (flies), primarily in the suborder Nematocera, was found. Gap harvesting reduced the abundance of bryophytes, Collembola (springtails), Araneae (spiders), and total arthropods on the bark of red maple. Canonical correlation analysis revealed a positive association between bryophytes, Collembola, and Araneae. A strong correlation between Collembola and Araneae suggested a possible trophic interaction that may be affected by gap harvesting through a reduction in bryophyte abundance.

scholarly journals Response of Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) Micropropagation to Different In Vitro Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-655
Author(s):  
Laylan Fadhaladeen ◽  
Rafail Toma ◽  
Medya Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed Shaheen ◽  
Huda Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple

ESTIMATING EPIDEMIC POPULATIONS OF THE LESSER MAPLE SPANWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
W. J. A. Volney
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Shoots

AbstractThe distribution of lesser maple spanworm, Itame pustularia (Gn.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) larvae in red maple, Acer rubrum L., crowns and of pupae under these trees, and the relationship between the number of shoots on these trees and several easily-measured tree dimensions are used to design sampling techniques for estimating the mean number of larvae per shoot and the mean number of pupae per unit area in epidemic populations. An estimate of the total number of larvae per unit area is obtained from the product of larval density and the number of shoots per unit area. Some indication of how this latter estimate might be obtained is discussed. Because of the strong relationship between stem diameter and the number of shoots on a tree, a double sample procedure can be designed based on shoot counts from a relatively small number of trees. Auxiliary measurements on a large number of trees can improve the precision of the estimate.

scholarly journals Oxidant-induced damage to equine erythrocytes from exposure to Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia terebinthus, and Pistacia chinensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla M. Walter ◽  
Caroline E. Moore ◽  
Rana Bozorgmanesh ◽  
K. Gary Magdesian ◽  
Leslie W. Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Methemoglobin Formation ◽  
Pistacia Terebinthus

Two horses were referred for methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia following 5 acute deaths in their herd from an unidentified toxin source. Horses have a greater risk than other mammalian species of developing methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia following ingestion of oxidizing toxins, due to deficiencies in the mechanisms that protect against oxidative damage in erythrocytes. Their susceptibility to oxidative erythrocyte damage is evident in the numerous cases of red maple ( Acer rubrum) toxicosis. The suspected toxins causing A. rubrum toxicosis are tannic acid, gallic acid, and a metabolite of gallic acid, pyrogallol. These compounds can be found in a variety of plants, posing a risk to equine health. In order to quickly identify toxin sources, 2 rapid in vitro assays were developed to screen plant extracts for the ability to induce methemoglobin formation or cause hemolysis in healthy equine donor erythrocytes. The plant extract screening focused on 3 species of the genus Pistacia: P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, and P. chinensis, which were located in the horse pasture. Extracts of the seeds and leaves of each species induced methemoglobin formation and resulted in hemolysis, with seed extracts having greater potency. The in vitro assays used in the current study provide a useful diagnostic method for the rapid identification of oxidizing agents from unidentified sources. There is no effective treatment for oxidative erythrocyte damage in horses, making rapid identification and removal of the source essential for the prevention of poisoning.

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

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