Intratree and intertree variation in selected wood quality characteristics of European oak (Quercuspetraea and Quercusrobur)

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Zhang ◽  
G. Nepveu ◽  
R. Eyono Owoundi
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
European Oak ◽  
Intratree Variation

Twenty-three trees of European oak (Quercuspetraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercusrobur L.) were collected from northeastern France to study intratree and intertree variation in the following characteristics: (i) wood density as well as earlywood density and latewood density; (ii) various types of wood shrinkage; and (iii) ring width and its components. Both intratree variation and intertree variation in the three characteristics are significant, but intertree variation is generally smaller. However, the relative magnitude of intertree variation varies with characteristic: intertree variation accounts for about 40% of the total variation in radial, tangential, and volumetric wood shrinkage, 32.5% of the total variation in ring width, and 12.6% of the total variation in wood density. Furthermore, the intertree variation is closely and positively related to the intratree variation: among the three characteristics studied, both intertree variation and intratree variation were highest for ring width and its components, and lowest for wood density and its components. In addition, intratree variation increased remarkably with increasing tree age in these species. In general, intratree variation in wood density and wood shrinkage depends more on cambial age than on ring width. The present study, together with the information available so far, suggests that the quality of European oak wood could be significantly improved.

Influence of Growth Rate and Cambial Age on Density of Rauli (Nothofagus nervosa) in Relation to Vessel Lumen Areas and Numbers

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Denne ◽  
C. M. Cahalan ◽  
D. P. Aebischer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Nothofagus Nervosa

Summary To assess the likely effects of silvicultural treatment on the wood quality of Nothofagus nervosa grown in the UK, and the possibilities of independent selection within seed origins for density and growth rate, ring width and wood density were analysed from pith to bark of 19 trees. Variations in vessel lumen size, vessel number mm−2, and total lumen area mm−2 were analysed in ten trees. Since density increased by only 0.005g cm−3 per mm increase in ring width, silvicultural practices such as initial spacing and thinning are not likely to have a substantial effect on the wood density of rauli. Similarly, variation in density with cambial age was significant but relatively minor in the 40- and 60-year old trees of the present sample, suggesting that the rotation length is unlikely to have any practical influence on the density of rauli. Considerable between-tree differences in density were found which did not correspond to differences in ring width, suggesting it should be feasible to select independently for density and growth rate. These differences in density were associated with differences in both vessel lumen size and vessel number mm−2

scholarly journals Age trends in genetic parameters of wood density components in 46 half-sibling families of Pinus pinaster

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1470-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Gaspar ◽  
José Luís Louzada ◽  
Maria Emília Silva ◽  
Alexandre Aguiar ◽  
Maria Helena Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Ring Number ◽  
Latewood Density

This study contributes to the Pinus pinaster Ait. breeding programme, which is reaching the third generation by adding information on wood quality of 46 open-pollinated families from a progeny trial located in Leiria, Portugal, that originated from seed collected in a clonal seed orchard. A total of 552 seventeen-year-old trees were sampled at 2 m height. Trends were studied from the pith outward in variance components and narrow-sense heritability (h2) of wood density components and ring-width characteristics as well as genetic correlations between cambial ages. Mean ring density (RD), minimum density (MND), maximum density (MXD), earlywood density (EWD), latewood density (LWD), earlywood width, latewood width, ring width, latewood percentage, and heterogeneity index were determined using X-ray densitometry procedures. RD had higher genetic control (h2 = 0.63), and heritability values of earlywood components (h2MND = 0.54, h2EWD = 0.60) exceeded those of latewood components (h2MXD = 0.34, h2LWD = 0.26). Heritabilities increased with ring number from pith for almost all wood density components, and there were high age–age genetic correlations for wood density traits (rg > 0.98).

Modelling wood density in European oak (Quercuspetraea and Quercusrobur) and simulating the silvicultural influence

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yin Zhang ◽  
Ruben Eyono Owoundi ◽  
Gérard Nepveu ◽  
Frédéric Mothe ◽  
Jean-François Dhôte
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Average Wood ◽  
European Oak

Wood density in relation to cambial age and ring width was studied in 23 trees of European oak (Quercuspetraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercusrobur L.) from northeast France, and based on these relationships, a model predicting intratree wood density through cambial age and ring width was developed. Wood density is closely correlated with both cambial age and ring width, but its relationships with cambial age and ring width, to some extent, vary from tree to tree. The variation, however, does not show an appreciable pattern with tree height. The model developed is able to predict satisfactorily the average wood density of growth rings in European oak, and to explain the main part of the variation in wood density of individual trees. Furthermore, the model appears also possible to predict the average density of a given small piece of wood from any part of the merchantable bole of the trees. A general model, however, accounts for a relatively low percentage of the variation because there is large intertree variability of wood density in the species. The simulation results reveal that the dynamic silviculture applied to European oak might result in the production of denser and more uniform (in the sense of the radial variation of wood density) wood, compared with classical silviculture.

scholarly journals Intra-Ring Variations and Interrelationships for Selected Wood Anatomical and Physical Properties of Thuja Occidentalis L.

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besma Bouslimi ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Latewood Density

Intra-ring variation in wood density and tracheid anatomical properties and wood property interrelationships were investigated in Thuja occidentalis L. Samples were taken from three stands in Abitibi–Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada. The structure of T. occidentalis wood is simple, homogeneous and uniform, which is desirable for wooden structures that require wood uniformity. From early- to latewood, cell and lumen diameter decreased, while cell wall thickness increased. These changes led to an increase of the cell wall proportion. Wood ring density and width interrelationships were weaker in mature wood compared to juvenile wood. Earlywood density is the more important in determining mature wood density than latewood density and proportion. Earlywood density explains 92% and 89% of the variation in juvenile and mature wood density, respectively. The negative relationship between ring density and width, although significant, was low and tends to weaken with increasing tree age, thus providing the opportunity for silvicultural practices to improve both growth and wood density. Ring width was positively and strongly correlated to early- and latewood width, but negatively correlated to tracheid length and latewood proportion. Accordingly, increases in ring width produce smaller tracheids and wider earlywood without a corresponding increase in latewood. Practical implications of the results are discussed.

Wood density of western hemlock: effect of ring width

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. DeBell ◽  
John C. Tappeiner II ◽  
Robert L. Krahmer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Earlywood Width ◽  
Average Wood

Wood density of western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) was determined by X-ray densitometry of strips from breast-height samples consisting of rings 20–24 from the pith. Ring parameters were averaged over the 5 years for each strip. Wood density was negatively correlated with radial growth rate. Average wood density dropped from 0.47 to 0.37 g/cm3 as average ring width increased from 2 to 8 mm. Wood density decreased at higher growth rates primarily because earlywood width increased while latewood width remained the same; as a result, percentage of latewood decreased. Earlywood density decreased slightly at higher growth rates, but latewood density was not significantly related to growth rate.

scholarly journals Long-Term Wood Micro-Density Variation in Alpine Forests at Central México and Their Spatial Links with Remotely Sensed Information

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Correa-Díaz ◽  
A. Gómez-Guerrero ◽  
J. J. Vargas-Hernández ◽  
P. Rozenberg ◽  
W. R. Horwath
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
High Elevation Forests

Ongoing climate variability strongly affects high-elevation forests, influencing the wood formation process (e.g., xylogenesis). Furthermore, spatio-temporal studies to establish links of wood properties and tree performance are needed. Using linear mixed-effects models, empirical cumulative distribution functions, and spatial analysis, we explore time trends and space connections of wood density of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. to remotely sensed variables (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer MODIS-derived) in two high-elevation forests in México, Tláloc (TLA) and Jocotitlán (JOC) Mountains. Results indicated that elevation and cambial age effects are important factors explaining wood density variation. Minimum earlywood—MID, average—AVE, and maximum latewood density—MXD were statistically similar between mountains (p > 0.05), but TLA showed a significant increase in MID over time with higher values after 1950. Wood density values and spatial correlations were site-dependent with TLA exhibiting the highest correlations between MXD and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the spring season (r = 0.59, p < 0.05). Overall, correlations to remotely sensed information were positive with MXD, negative for MID and divergent for AVE. Historical temperature defines MID along the elevation gradient, while MXD was related to soil moisture only at low-elevation sites where soils are deeper. We found that two high-elevation forests, 115 km away from each other, with similar climate, soil, and vegetation, behaved differently regarding their xylogenesis, indicating the potential of using the link between wood micro-density and remotely sensed information to understand forest response to climate change effects.

scholarly journals Influence of cambial age and climate on ring width and wood density in Pinus radiata families

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Ivković ◽  
Washington Gapare ◽  
Harry Wu ◽  
Sergio Espinoza ◽  
Philippe Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cambial Age

Age trends in genetic parameters of wood density in young Norway spruce

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gro Hylen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Age trends of phenotypic, environmental, and additive genetic variance and heritability were estimated for overall density and its components earlywood and latewood densities and latewood proportion. The objective was to acquire information for both individual and cumulated rings from ring number 3 to 12 counted from the pith. Age-age correlations were calculated for cumulated density traits only. The wood density data were obtained with X-ray analysis of increment cores from 47 open-pollinated families of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The families had earlywood and latewood with significant differences in density for individual and cumulated rings and consequently for overall density. The latewood proportion had significant family variation for cumulated rings but not for all individual rings. Large fluctuations in environmental variance caused fluctuations in heritability estimates for successive rings. A strong decrease in environmental variance for all cumulated traits, especially from ring 3 to 5, resulted in a steady increase in heritability estimates. The latewood density had the highest heritability estimates and latewood proportion the lowest for both individual and cumulated rings. Overall density and the cumulated components at cambial age 12 showed strong genetic correlations with their respective traits at all younger ages.

Effect of ring width, cambial age, and climatic variables on the within-ring wood density profile of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst.

Trees ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Franceschini ◽  
Fleur Longuetaud ◽  
Jean-Daniel Bontemps ◽  
Olivier Bouriaud ◽  
Benoît-Damien Caritey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Cambial Age

Age trend of heritability, genetic correlation, and efficiency of early selection for wood quality traits in Scots pine

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Hong ◽  
Anders Fries ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Selection For

To examine the efficiency of early selection for wood quality traits in the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) breeding program in Sweden, a total of 778 wood increment cores were sampled from 179 full-sib families in a single progeny trial at 40 years of age. Age trend of inheritance, age–age genetic correlation, and early selection efficiency for eight wood traits including annual ring width, wood density, microfibril angle (MFA), modulus of elasticity (i.e., wood stiffness; MOE), and fibre dimensions were studied. Heritabilities for the eight wood traits reached a plateau between age 5 years and age 15 years, with the highest heritability for radial fibre width and fibre coarseness (∼0.6) and the lowest heritability for ring width (∼0.2). Heritability reached about 0.4 for both wood density and MFA but only reached about 0.3 for MOE. Genetic correlation from early to reference age 30 years reached a very high level (>0.8) for all eight wood traits at age 5 years. Early selection was effective for wood quality traits in Scots pine, and selection at age 8 years is recommended for MOE in Scots pine.

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