Modelling wood density in European oak (Quercuspetraea and Quercusrobur) and simulating the silvicultural influence

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yin Zhang ◽  
Ruben Eyono Owoundi ◽  
Gérard Nepveu ◽  
Frédéric Mothe ◽  
Jean-François Dhôte
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Average Wood ◽  
European Oak

Wood density in relation to cambial age and ring width was studied in 23 trees of European oak (Quercuspetraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercusrobur L.) from northeast France, and based on these relationships, a model predicting intratree wood density through cambial age and ring width was developed. Wood density is closely correlated with both cambial age and ring width, but its relationships with cambial age and ring width, to some extent, vary from tree to tree. The variation, however, does not show an appreciable pattern with tree height. The model developed is able to predict satisfactorily the average wood density of growth rings in European oak, and to explain the main part of the variation in wood density of individual trees. Furthermore, the model appears also possible to predict the average density of a given small piece of wood from any part of the merchantable bole of the trees. A general model, however, accounts for a relatively low percentage of the variation because there is large intertree variability of wood density in the species. The simulation results reveal that the dynamic silviculture applied to European oak might result in the production of denser and more uniform (in the sense of the radial variation of wood density) wood, compared with classical silviculture.

Intratree and intertree variation in selected wood quality characteristics of European oak (Quercuspetraea and Quercusrobur)

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Zhang ◽  
G. Nepveu ◽  
R. Eyono Owoundi
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
European Oak ◽  
Intratree Variation

Twenty-three trees of European oak (Quercuspetraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercusrobur L.) were collected from northeastern France to study intratree and intertree variation in the following characteristics: (i) wood density as well as earlywood density and latewood density; (ii) various types of wood shrinkage; and (iii) ring width and its components. Both intratree variation and intertree variation in the three characteristics are significant, but intertree variation is generally smaller. However, the relative magnitude of intertree variation varies with characteristic: intertree variation accounts for about 40% of the total variation in radial, tangential, and volumetric wood shrinkage, 32.5% of the total variation in ring width, and 12.6% of the total variation in wood density. Furthermore, the intertree variation is closely and positively related to the intratree variation: among the three characteristics studied, both intertree variation and intratree variation were highest for ring width and its components, and lowest for wood density and its components. In addition, intratree variation increased remarkably with increasing tree age in these species. In general, intratree variation in wood density and wood shrinkage depends more on cambial age than on ring width. The present study, together with the information available so far, suggests that the quality of European oak wood could be significantly improved.

Influence of Growth Rate and Cambial Age on Density of Rauli (Nothofagus nervosa) in Relation to Vessel Lumen Areas and Numbers

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Denne ◽  
C. M. Cahalan ◽  
D. P. Aebischer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Nothofagus Nervosa

Summary To assess the likely effects of silvicultural treatment on the wood quality of Nothofagus nervosa grown in the UK, and the possibilities of independent selection within seed origins for density and growth rate, ring width and wood density were analysed from pith to bark of 19 trees. Variations in vessel lumen size, vessel number mm−2, and total lumen area mm−2 were analysed in ten trees. Since density increased by only 0.005g cm−3 per mm increase in ring width, silvicultural practices such as initial spacing and thinning are not likely to have a substantial effect on the wood density of rauli. Similarly, variation in density with cambial age was significant but relatively minor in the 40- and 60-year old trees of the present sample, suggesting that the rotation length is unlikely to have any practical influence on the density of rauli. Considerable between-tree differences in density were found which did not correspond to differences in ring width, suggesting it should be feasible to select independently for density and growth rate. These differences in density were associated with differences in both vessel lumen size and vessel number mm−2

Useful Strategies for the Development of Tropical Tree-Ring Chronologies

IAWA Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Stahle
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Cross Dating

This paper outlines efficient strategies for the development of long, climatically sensitive tree-ring chronologies in the tropics. Effective strategies include sampling useful temperate or subtropical species that extend naturally into the tropics; sampling species in botanical families that have already provided examples useful for dendrochronology (e. g., Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Verbenaceae); targeting deciduous species in seasonally dry forests; and sampling species described in the literature or found in xylaria that have promising anatomical features such as ring porosity and marginal parenchyma. Dendrochronology can also be used to test the annual nature of growth banding in tropical species. The cross-dating oflong ring-width time series between individual trees and between multiple sites in a region is strong evidence that the growth rings are indeed synchronized with the annual calendar. This can be confirmed if the ring-width data are also strongly correlated with long annual or seasonalized records of climate variability. Blind cross-dating tests to identify the cutting dates of known-age timbers can provide a final proof that a species produces reliable annual growth rings.

Wood density of western hemlock: effect of ring width

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. DeBell ◽  
John C. Tappeiner II ◽  
Robert L. Krahmer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Earlywood Width ◽  
Average Wood

Wood density of western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) was determined by X-ray densitometry of strips from breast-height samples consisting of rings 20–24 from the pith. Ring parameters were averaged over the 5 years for each strip. Wood density was negatively correlated with radial growth rate. Average wood density dropped from 0.47 to 0.37 g/cm3 as average ring width increased from 2 to 8 mm. Wood density decreased at higher growth rates primarily because earlywood width increased while latewood width remained the same; as a result, percentage of latewood decreased. Earlywood density decreased slightly at higher growth rates, but latewood density was not significantly related to growth rate.

scholarly journals Selected properties of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryc ◽  
H. Vavrčík ◽  
Š. Gomola
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Outer Perimeter

The paper deals with the variability of tree-ring width, with the density and swelling (volumetric swelling and swelling in individual anatomical directions) of wood from two different locations. Further, the variability of the explored properties along the stem radius is researched. The ring analyses show that the ring width decreases along the stem radius from the pith to the stem outer perimeter. Location 2 (a lower altitudinal vegetation zone) had on average wider rings (a statistically insignificant difference), higher density and higher volumetric swelling of wood in comparison with location 1 (a statistically significant difference). The relation between volumetric swelling and wood density has been confirmed. The results show that the wood density and its volumetric swelling change along the stem radius. With the increasing wood density the volumetric swelling also increases. The average density of beech wood from both locations is 752 kg/m<sup>3</sup> with moisture content of 12%.

scholarly journals Influence of cambial age and climate on ring width and wood density in Pinus radiata families

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Ivković ◽  
Washington Gapare ◽  
Harry Wu ◽  
Sergio Espinoza ◽  
Philippe Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cambial Age

Effect of ring width, cambial age, and climatic variables on the within-ring wood density profile of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst.

Trees ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Franceschini ◽  
Fleur Longuetaud ◽  
Jean-Daniel Bontemps ◽  
Olivier Bouriaud ◽  
Benoît-Damien Caritey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Cambial Age

scholarly journals The variability of selected properties of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Vladimír Gryc ◽  
Hanuš Vavrčík ◽  
Štěpán Gomola
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Average Wood

Variability of ring width, wood density and swelling in beech from two different areas was analysed. The variability of each property was described along the stem radius. The analysis proved that the ring width decreased in direction from the pith to the outer part of the stem (cambium). Statistically significant difference of mean ring width between locality 1 and 2 was not found. Density and volumetric swelling of wood were statistically significantly different between localities. Results showed that the density and volumetric swelling decreased from pith to cambium. Statistically significant dependency between density and volumetric swelling of wood was proved. The average wood density of beech was 752 kg·m–3 at 12% moisture content.

Wood density of Norway spruce in uneven-aged stands

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Piispanen ◽  
Jaakko Heinonen ◽  
Sauli Valkonen ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Spruce Stands

This study focused on wood density and annual ring width in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) grown in uneven-aged stands (UAS). In total, 96 trees were harvested from five UAS that had been managed by single-tree selection for decades. A data set of 27 trees from even-aged stands (EAS) was used for comparison. In the UAS trees, high density and narrow annual rings were found in the juvenile wood near the pith. Thereafter, wood density rapidly decreased until the 20th annual ring, followed by an increase toward the bark. In the outermost rings, wood density again slightly decreased. The trends in wood density in the UAS trees correspond with those reported for naturally regenerated, even-aged Norway spruce stands, with the exception of the decrease in the outermost rings. A mixed linear model with ring width, cambial age, and canopy position as fixed parameters accounted for 53% of the variation in wood density of the UAS trees. In contrast to UAS trees, EAS trees showed increased wood density in the outer rings as a result of decreasing growth rate. The abrupt change in wood density of UAS trees may affect the properties of timber sawn close to the pith.

scholarly journals Wood Density and Ring Width in Quercus rotundifolia Trees in Southern Portugal

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1499
Author(s):  
Vicelina Sousa ◽  
Maria Emília Silva ◽  
José Luís Louzada ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Agrosilvopastoral Systems ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Quercus Rotundifolia

Quercus rotundifolia Lam., known as holm oak or evergreen oak, occurs naturally in the western Mediterranean region, mainly as part of the agroforestry or agrosilvopastoral systems in Portugal (“montado”) and Spain (“dehesa”), and is economically important for acorn production. Less attention has been given to Q. rotundifolia wood, and its density variability is not known, namely related to tree growth. The wood density of 20 Q. rotundifolia trees was measured along the radial direction by X-ray densitometry and the factors responsible for ring width and wood density variation within and between trees were investigated at two sites located within the main species region in southern Portugal. Ring width was significantly different between sites, with an average of 1.81 mm and 1.55 mm. Wood density was very high and averaged between 888 kg/m3 and 914 kg/m3 but not significantly different between sites. Ring width and wood density showed a positive and significant correlation at both sites. Cambial age was the main source of variation for ring width and wood density, while between-tree effects accounted for a considerable proportion of wood density variation. The results are an important contribution for the species valorisation aiming at high-value wood products, also adding knowledge on the species growth of interest for tree selection and sustainable management.

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