A 1397-year tree-ring chronology of Thujaoccidentalis from cliff faces of the Niagara Escarpment, southern Ontario, Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Kelly ◽  
E.R. Cook ◽  
D.W. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Niagara Escarpment

Living and dead Thujaoccidentalis L. (eastern white cedar) on cliff faces and in the talus of the Niagara Escarpment, southern Ontario were sampled and measured for dendrochronological analyses. One hundred and forty-two tree-ring series were cross-dated and a 1397-year tree-ring chronology was produced spanning the period 594–1990 A.D., making it the longest in Canada. An additional 784-year floating chronology was constructed from dead debris at the base of the cliff. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the floating chronology begins approximately in 580 B.C. Correlations between the tree-ring indices and 51 climate variables indicate that growth in T. occidentalis is negatively correlated with the previous growing season's temperature. The strongest correlation was between radial tree growth and maximum temperature in the previous July and August. Extremely hot summer conditions will negatively impact tree growth in the following year. These temperature correlations are very similar to those observed for T. occidentalis growing in western Quebec. This consistent climate response and the extreme longevity of T. occidentalis means that it is now an important species to exploit for dendroclimatological reconstructions of regional climate. The close proximity of these sites to the industrial heartland of eastern North America suggests that this, and future Thuja chronologies under development from the Niagara Escarpment, will provide an important ecological data base for exploring the human component of climate change.

Determination of the Age of Swiss Lake Dwellings as an Example of Dendrochronologically-Calibrated Radiocarbon Dating

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Ferguson ◽  
B. huber ◽  
H. E. Suess
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Swiss Lake

Comparison of the radiocarbon content of a series of samples of dendrochronologically dated bristlecone pine wood with that from trees for which a so-called floating tree-ring chronology has been established makes it possible to determine an empirical age for this floating tree-ring series based upon the age of the wood used for comparison. For the case of the Swiss Lake Dwellers, the difference between conventional radiocarbon dates and the age values determined in this manner amounts to about 800 years. The age of the floating chronology was determined within a standard error of less than 40 years. The measurements indicate that the dwellings were constructed during the 38th century B. C.

scholarly journals Directional Variability in Response of Pinus koraiensis Radial Growth to Climate Change

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Yingjie Sun ◽  
Mark Henderson ◽  
Binhui Liu ◽  
Hong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Individual Scale ◽  
Individual Trees

Climate change affects forest ecosystems at a variety of scales, from the composition of landscapes to the growth of individual trees. Research across regions and tree species has produced contradictory findings on the effects of climate variables on radial growth. Here, we examine tree ring samples taken from four directions of a tree to determine whether there is directional variability in tree growth in relation to climate trends. The results showed directional differences in the temporal growth processes of Pinus koraiensis, with more commonalities between the west and north directions and between the east and south directions. The contemporaneous June maximum temperature was the main climate factor associated with the difference between the growth of tree rings toward the east or west. Annual tree ring growth toward the east was more affected by the year’s temperature while growth toward the south was more sensitive to the year’s precipitation. Our research demonstrates that diverse response of tree growth to climate may exist at intra-individual scale. This contributes to understanding the sensitivity of tree growth to climate change at differ scales.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Climate Drive Annual Growth in Ponderosa Pine Trees in Southern California

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Hillary S. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Warming World ◽  
The Impact

The ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa, Douglas ex C. Lawson) is a climate-sensitive tree species dominant in the mixed conifer stands of the San Bernardino Mountains of California. However, the close proximity to the city of Los Angeles has resulted in extremely high levels of air pollution. Nitrogen (N) deposition, resulting from nitrous oxides emitted from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, has been recorded in this region since the 1980s. The impact of this N deposition on ponderosa pine growth is complex and often obscured by other stressors including climate, bark beetle attack, and tropospheric ozone pollution. Here I use a 160-year-long (1855–2015) ponderosa pine tree ring chronology to examine the annual response of tree growth to both N deposition and climate in this region. The chronology is generated from 34 tree cores taken near Crestline, CA. A stepwise multiple regression between the tree ring chronology and various climate and air pollution stressors indicates that drought conditions at the end of the rainy season (March) and NO2 pollution during the water year (pOct-Sep) exhibit primary controls on growth (r2-adj = 0.65, p < 0.001). The direct correlation between NO2 and tree growth suggests that N deposition has a positive impact on ponderosa pine bole growth in this region. However, it is important to note that ozone, a known stressor to ponderosa pine trees, and NO2 are also highly correlated (r = 0.84, p < 0.05). Chronic exposure to both ozone and nitrogen dioxide may, therefore, have unexpected impacts on tree sensitivity to climate and other stressors in a warming world.

scholarly journals Multi-century lake area changes in the Southern Altiplano: a tree-ring-based reconstruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1139-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Morales ◽  
J. Carilla ◽  
H. R. Grau ◽  
R. Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Late 20Th Century

Abstract. Size fluctuations in endorheic lakes in northwestern Argentina (NWA) and southwestern Bolivia (SWB) are very sensitive to basin hydrological balances, and consequently, very vulnerable to deleterious effects from climatic changes. The management of these water resources and their biodiversity requires a comprehensive knowledge of their natural variability over multiple timescales. In this study, we present a multi-century reconstruction of past lake-area fluctuations in NWA and SWB. The evidence used to develop and validate this reconstruction includes satellite images and a century-long tree-ring record from P. tarapacana. Inter-annual fluctuations in lake area of nine lakes were quantified based on Landsat satellite images over the period 1975 to 2009. A regional P. tarapacana tree-ring chronology, composite from two sampling sites, was used as predictors in a regression model to reconstruct the mean annual (January–December) lake area from the nine lakes. The reconstruction model captures 62 % of the total variance in lake-area fluctuations and shows adequate levels of cross-validation. This high-resolution reconstruction covers the past 601 years and characterizes the occurrence of annual to multi-decadal lake area fluctuations and its main oscillation modes of variability. Our reconstruction points out that the late 20th century decrease in lake area was exceptional over the period 1407–2007; a persistent negative trend in lake area is clear in the reconstruction and consistent with glacier retreat and other climate proxies from the Altiplano and the tropical Andes. Since the mid 1970s, the Vilama-Coruto lake system recorded an accelerated decrease in area consistent with an increasing recurrence of extremely small lake-area events. Throughout the 601 years, the reconstruction provides valuable information about spatial and temporal stabilities of the relationships between changes in lake area, ENSO, and PDO, highlighting the Pacific influence over most modes of lake area variability. Global and regional climate models for the Altiplano project a marked reduction in precipitation to the end of the 21st century, exacerbating presently dry conditions. These results provide a baseline for the historical range of variability in lake fluctuations and thus should be considered for the management of biodiversity and water resources in the Central Andes during the next decades.

scholarly journals 14C Wiggle Matching of the ‘Floating’ Tree-Ring Chronology from the Altai Mountains, Southern Siberia: the Ulandryk-4 Case Study

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2A) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Y Slusarenko ◽  
J A Christen ◽  
L A Orlova ◽  
Y V Kuzmin ◽  
G S Burr
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Pazyryk Culture ◽  
Type Complex ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
Burial Mounds

The Bayesian approach to calibration of radiocarbon dates was used to wiggle-match the “floating” tree-ring chronology from a Pazyryk culture (Scythian-type complex from Sayan-Altai Mountain system, southern Siberia) burial ground in order to estimate the calendar age of its construction. Seventeen bidecadal tree-ring samples were 14C dated with high precision (±20–30 yr). The results of wiggle-matching show that the Pazyryk-type burial mounds in the southern Altai Mountains were created in the first part of 3rd century BC.

Dendrochronologic Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2Part1) ◽  
pp. 350-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Damon ◽  
C. W. Ferguson ◽  
A. Long ◽  
E. I. Wallick
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Calibration Table ◽  
Conversion Table ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Total Agreement ◽  
Calendar Dates

AbstractExtensive radiocarbon analyses have been made of dendrochronologically dated wood. The resultant radiocarbon data are not in total agreement with the conventional solar calendar as exemplified by the tree-ring chronology. The discrepancy reaches a maximum between 4060 B.C. to 7350 B.C. when radiocarbon dates are too young by 800 to 870 yr. Using a compatible set of 549 dated samples as a working base, a calibration table has been derived for conversion of conventional radiocarbon dates to calendar dates. This conversion table covers the period of time from A.D. 1600 to 5400 B.C. Data are also given to facilitate the calculation of the accuracy of the corrected date by a simple, illustrated method.

Reconstruction of maximum temperature on Zhegu Mountain, western Sichuan Plateau (China)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
M Keyimu ◽  
Z Li ◽  
Y Zhao ◽  
Y Dong ◽  
B Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Thermal Variability

Historical temperature reconstructions at high altitudes are still insufficient in southwestern China, which is considered one of the most sensitive areas to climate change in the world. Here we developed a tree ring-width chronology of Faxon fir Abies fargesii var. faxoniana at the upper timber line on Zhegu Mountain, Miyaluo Scenic Area, western Sichuan, China. The climate-tree growth relationship analysis indicated temperature as the dominant regulator on radial tree growth in this region. The reconstruction of aggregated maximum temperature (TMX) of autumn and winter for the period 1856-2016 was achieved with a linear regression model that accounted for 43.6% of the actual variability in the common time series (1954-2016). The reconstruction identified 4 warm periods and 3 cold periods. Similarities of warm and cold periods with previously published reconstructions from nearby sites indicated the reliability of our reconstruction. The significant positive correlation between TMX reconstruction and the Asian-Pacific Oscillation index and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation index suggested a linkage between large-scale climate circulations and the thermal variability at a multi-decadal scale on the western Sichuan Plateau. We also found that solar activity exerted a strong influence on decadal temperature variability in this region. The cold periods were matched well with historical large volcanic eruptions. Our results strengthen the historical climatic information in southwestern China and contribute to further understanding the regional thermal variability as well as its driving mechanism.

scholarly journals Quality Dating: A Well-Defined Protocol Implemented at ETH for High-Precision 14C-Dates Tested on Late Glacial Wood

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Sookdeo ◽  
Bernd Kromer ◽  
Ulf Büntgen ◽  
Michael Friedrich ◽  
Ronny Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Continuous Measurements ◽  
Calibration Curves

ABSTRACTAdvances in accelerator mass spectrometry have resulted in an unprecedented amount of new high-precision radiocarbon (14C) -dates, some of which will redefine the international 14C calibration curves (IntCal and SHCal). Often these datasets are unaccompanied by detailed quality insurances in place at the laboratory, questioning whether the 14C structure is real, a result of a laboratory variation or measurement-scatter. A handful of intercomparison studies attempt to elucidate laboratory offsets but may fail to identify measurement-scatter and are often financially constrained. Here we introduce a protocol, called Quality Dating, implemented at ETH-Zürich to ensure reproducible and accurate high-precision 14C-dates. The protocol highlights the importance of the continuous measurements and evaluation of blanks, standards, references and replicates. This protocol is tested on an absolutely dated German Late Glacial tree-ring chronology, part of which is intercompared with the Curt Engelhorn-Center for Archaeometry, Mannheim, Germany (CEZA). The combined dataset contains 170 highly resolved, highly precise 14C-dates that supplement three decadal dates spanning 280 cal. years in IntCal, and provides detailed 14C structure for this interval.

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