Reduction of experimental effort in conventional engine calibration process by using reduced order model

The calibration process of the internal combustion engine becomes more costly and time-consuming than ever due to complexity of the engines and stringent emission regulations. The accurate and fast calibration of the engine requires a lot of performance tests which demands time, cost, and expert manpower as well as test facilities that must be taken into considerations. This process needs a large number of test points which should be examined to get an optimum map of the engine. Although some works have been done on reducing test time for the engine calibration, still the process timing remains one of the challenges for the automotive industry. The present study aims to decrease the calibration cost and time by employing the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The POD-based reduced order model is applied to reduce the number of experimental engine tests to regenerate the entire calibration table by using only a few operating points accurately. The low, mid-range and high RPM test points of a small single-cylinder, two-stroke engine are chosen as the input to the mathematical model to regenerate the missing calibration data. The comparison between the generated and the corresponding experimental data indicates that they are in good agreement (<10% difference) which implies the POD model is capable to decrease the number of test points and consequently the run time of dynamometer. Furthermore, although this approach is implemented for a conventional calibration process, however, the methodology can be extended to complex calibration procedures.

Development of Metrological Maintenance of Photometric Devices For Pulsometry

Investigating pulse in different parts of the body is of great interest to doctors. The purpose is the development of metrological maintenance, calibration and certification of photometric instruments [1—3]. Photoplethysmograph is designed to record changes in optical density of a person’s body area with a beam of light reflected in the light [4—6]. Measurements are carried out non-invasively [7]. Such device registers pulse wave (PW) signals and reference ECG with computer processing, Fig. 1—2 [8—10]. A working measure (LED) was created and calibrated using an optical radiation power meter based on the substitution method [11], test bench is at Fig. 3, calibration results — in Table 1 and Fig. 4. Test bench for device calibration and an optical radiator are at Fig. 5—6, view of calibrated signal — at Fig. 7. As a result of calibration (Table 2) the dependence of the output signal on LED power supply (Fig. 8) is obtained, and the calibration dependence is shown at Fig. 9. In the test bench for SMC used standardized light filters KNS-01 at a wavelength of 630 nm (Fig. 10a). The calibration curve is calculated as the dependence of the relative coefficient of inverse light dispersion (RCILD) on PW (Fig. 10b, Table 3). The view of output signal is at Fig. 11. As a result of SMC, the limits of permissible absolute error of 2 % in the range of RCILD (15—100) % are defined.

Predicting acute care use following the initiation of systemic therapy for solid tumors.

6 Background: Emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations are undesirable and costly. We developed and validated the PROACCT (PRediction Of Acute Care use during Cancer Treatment) score to predict at least one acute care visit during the first 30 days (AC30) after initiating systemic therapy for cancer. Methods: Using administrative data, we identified patients in Ontario with the 18 most common solid tumors who started systemic treatment from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015. Southwestern and Northeastern Ontario formed the development and validation cohorts, respectively. We created a score to predict AC30 using multivariate logistic regression in the development cohort. Combinations of tumor sites and regimens were grouped into quintiles based on AC30. The score was assessed in the validation cohort. Results: AC30 occurred in 23% (4438/19359) of patients. Eleven factors predicted AC30 and formed the score: tumor site and regimen (2nd quintile: 2; 3rd-4th: 3; 5th: 4), recent ED visit (2), recent palliative radiation (1), rural residence (1) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale anxiety (4+: 1), lack of appetite (4+: 1), pain (4+: 1), and wellbeing (4+: 1). Among the 204 tumor-regimen combinations, tumors with poor prognoses, such as pancreatic and lung, and platinum- and taxane-containing regimens, carried the highest risk for AC30. The score had moderate discrimination (c-statistic 0.65; P< 0.001) and strong calibration (Table) in the validation cohort. Conclusions: PROACCT identifies factors that predict AC30 in patients starting systemic treatment for solid tumors and could be incorporated into electronic health records to select patients for preventative interventions. [Table: see text]

Design and Implementation of a Detection Device for Flight Control System in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Flight control system (FCS) is the command center for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A low-cost, high-precision micro-UAV attitude calibration table is designed by utilizing the structure of the vertical gyroscope of the flight attitude angle sensor. The detection device for the UAV FCS developed by loop-in-simulation achieves unmanned attitude calibration and overall performance detection of the FCS.

Calibration of spiral-readout image-plate detectors

An improved method for intensity-uniformity calibration of diffraction data collected on spiral-readout image-plate (IP) systems is described. This technique is applicable to all types of spiral-readout IP detectors. The procedure utilizes an attenuated direct-beam scan of the IP to generate a radial-sensitivity calibration table. Exposure and scanning of the calibration frame are done on the same time scale as typical data collections, and require no additional equipment. Specific examples are presented for use with Mac Science DIP2000 systems. The new radial calibration is shown to reduce significantly structure-basedRfactors. The improved radial calibration is also shown to lowerRmergewhen the IP is offset from the beam center. In addition to improving data quality and statistics, this method provides a quick and simple diagnostic tool to monitor changes in the sensitivity of the IP detector as a function of age.

Molecular Weight Measurements of Low Molecular Weight Heparins by Gel Permeation Chromatography

SummaryThe molecular weight profiles of low molecular weight heparin samples have been measured by high-performance gel permeation chromatography using as calibrant the heparinase-degraded material (90/686) now established as the 1st International Reference Preparation (IRP) Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Molecular Weight Calibration. Use of the calibrant as a broad molecular weight standard is described and a calibration table provided based on data collected over several years in one laboratory.In order to confirm the assignment of degree of polymerisation to resolved oligosaccharide peaks in the calibrant, molecular weights of oligosaccharides fractionated from the 1st IRP were independently determined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS).The molecular weight distributions of commercial low molecular weight heparins have been characterized. Measurements of molecular weight parameters of heparin molecular weight standards from several sources provide comparisons between the molecular weight scales of this and other studies.