Nutritional response of loblolly pine exposed to ozone and simulated acid rain

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Baker ◽  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
Michele M. Schoeneberger ◽  
Lance W. Kress
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Rain Effect

The effects of ozone and simulated acid rain on the aboveground nutrient composition of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings were studied in a 2-year open-top chamber experiment in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Multivariate analysis of variance tests indicated significant ozone response in the 2nd year but no significant simulated acid rain effect in either year. No interaction among treatments was detectable. Seedlings responded to increasing ozone exposures with increasing concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the stem, branches, and foliage. The response of increased nutrient concentration was associated with decreased total biomass accumulation. The nutritional responses were most prominent in late season flushes of foliage and are probably related to ozone-induced premature abscission of early-season flushes. High nutrient concentrations in the stem, branches, and late-season flushes of trees exposed to elevated ozone levels suggest retranslocation and slower growth rates resulted in better aboveground nutrient status and lower nutrient demand from the soil.

Nutrient status and enzyme activity alteration in cucumber seedlings as a response to boron deficiency

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Mohamed ◽  
M. M. Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Fresh Plant Material ◽  
Cucumus Sativus

Cucumber (Cucumus sativus L. var. Beit alpha) seedlings were grown in two groups on boron-deficient (traces of boron) and boron-sufficient (10.0 µM boron) hydroponic media for 30 days under controlled conditions. At harvest, the concentrations of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were determined in addition to boron (B) in the dry tissues of roots and leaves. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the roots was also determined. Peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity was assayed in the fresh plant material. In addition, changes in the peroxidase and catalase isozyme patterns were also identified. The results showed that the vegetative growth of cucumber plants was negatively affected by boron deficiency. Biomass accumulation decreased by as much as 24.3% in the shoots and 49.1% in the roots. The nutrient concentrations in both the leaves and roots of B-stressed plants were substantially lower. Phenolic compounds were accumulated in significant amounts in the roots of deficient plants. The peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities were significantly increased in the tissues of deficient plants and new isozymes were induced or activated. The irregular biochemical changes occurring in B-deficient plants were explained as a plant physiological response to B-deficient conditions.

The effect of simulated acid rain on the nutrient status of subarctic woodland soils in eastern Canada

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Lichen Woodland ◽  
Acid Nature

Treatment of small plots in a spruce–lichen woodland near Schefferville over two summers with simulated acid rain at pH 3, 4, and 5.5 and comparison with plots exposed to natural rainfall revealed increased leaching of nutrient cations, especially Mg2+, but only with the pH 3 treatment. Most changes in composition occurred as the solutions passed through the lichen mat with its associated litter and vascular plants. Experiments with laboratory soil columns showed that the subsoil horizons neutralize much of the acidity of the pH 3 treatments, presumably because of sulphate-fixation in the Fe-rich horizons. Based on measurements of field litter decomposition and laboratory carbon dioxide flux, the simulated acid treatments have little effect on organic matter decomposition. The treatments did not affect cation leaching from burnt plant tissues, but in the most acid treatment a larger proportion of the released nutrient cations were lost from the soil column. Laboratory experiments did not detect significant changes in mineralization rates, but there were increased leaching losses of NH4+-N with the pH 3 treatment. Because of the acid nature of the soils (soil pH 4.0), there appear to be few significant changes in soil nutrient status associated with acid rain, but this conclusion must be interpreted with caution because of the relatively short duration of the experiments and the harsh climatic and edaphic environment in which subarctic plants grow.

scholarly journals Growth and Leaf Chlorophyll Content of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden are Adversely Affected by Simulated Acid Rain

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Langmi Fabrice Buma ◽  
Titus Fondo Ambebe ◽  
Zephania Nji Fogwe
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

The study assessed the effects of different pH values of simulated acid rain on growth and leaf chlorophyll content of Eucalyptus grandis. The treatments comprised of two simulated acid rain solutions of pH 4.0 and 3.5, and unacidified water at pH 6.5. Place and Duration of Study was the National Forestry Development Agency, Humid Savannah Zone, Bamenda I Sub-Division, North West Region, Cameroon, between June and September 2019, respectively. The experiment was conducted under field conditions. Thirty 3-month-old seedlings were exposed to each pH level at 7-day intervals using a spray bottle. While two sets of thirty seedlings were administered sulphuric acid calibrated tap water with pH values of 4.0 and 3.5, the third set that constituted the control was sprayed with normal tap water. Data were collected on morphology, biomass, and leaf chlorophyll content at the end of the study and subjected to analysis of variance and Scheffé’s test. Results: The pH 3.5 treatment resulted in significantly lower responses of height (12.95 cm), number of leaves (15.28), leaf area (23.96 cm2) and total biomass (0.61 g) than the other two pH levels that did not differ for any of the traits. Average values between pH 4.0 and control were 20.39 cm, 22.00, 45.66 cm2 and 1.77 g. Stem diameter and root collar diameter declined from 2.87 mm and 4.14 mm at the control to 2.54 mm and 3.78 mm at pH 3.5, respectively. Leaves at pH 3.5 showed signs of necrosis, drying and curling. Leaf chlorophyll content was significantly greater in the control (45.30 SPAD units) than in the pH 4.0 (40.01 SPAD units) and pH 3.5 (39.82 SPAD units) treatments that displayed similar responses. Conclusion: The study reveals that simulated acid rain at pH 3.5 can have a harmful effect on chlorophyll content and growth of Eucalyptus grandis.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in Mineral Nutrient Concentration of Primocane and Floricane Leaves in Trailing, Erect, and Semierect Blackberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
Amanda J. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Floricane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson) cultivars, ‘Marion’, ‘Black Diamond’, ‘Onyx’, ‘Columbia Star’ (early-season trailing types), ‘Ouachita’ (erect, midseason), and ‘Triple Crown’ and ‘Chester Thornless’ (semierect, late season) were studied for 2 years to determine whether these cultivars and types of blackberry should be sampled at a certain stage of development or time of season to best evaluate plant nutrient status. Leaf nutrient standards are based on primocane leaves in most countries, but there is interest in using floricane leaves. Primocane leaves were sampled every 2 weeks from late May through early October, whereas leaves on fruiting laterals (floricane) were sampled every 2 weeks from early May through fruit harvest. Leaves were analyzed to determine the concentration of macronutrients and micronutrients. The pattern of change in primocane leaf nutrient concentration varied between the trailing and the later-fruiting erect and semierect types, particularly for P, K, Ca, Mg, B, and Mn, where leaf levels were higher in the late season for the erect and semierect cultivars (except for P and K which were lower). Nutrient concentrations in floricane leaves decreased during growth and development of the lateral and fruiting season for N, P, K, and S, but increased for most other nutrients in all blackberry types. Floricane leaf N and K declined most rapidly during the fruit development period in all cultivars. Sampling of floricane leaves is not recommended, particularly for trailing types, as there are no sufficiency standards. In primocane leaves, the nutrients that did not show significant changes in concentration during the currently recommended sampling period of late July to early August were N, Mg, K, Ca, S, B, Mn, and Zn, but only in 2014. Leaf P, Fe, and Al were stable during this period in both years. In contrast, when sampling in mid to late August, leaf N, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Al were stable in both years and leaf K, Ca, S, B, Cu, and Zn were stable in one of the 2 years. We thus propose changing the recommended sampling time to mid to late August for these diverse blackberry cultivars. The current sufficiency standards for primocanes did not encompass the blackberry types and cultivars studied here, suggesting the standards may need to be revised for this region.

Ozone effects on nutrient resorption in loblolly pine

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1634-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Baker ◽  
H. Lee Allen
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Nutrient Resorption ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Per Se ◽  
A Site

A three-year study on the effects of chronic exposure to elevated ozone on loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) was conducted at a site in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Open-top chambers were used to control six levels of ozone, from 0.50 times ambient to 3.0 times ambient ozone concentration, on two open-pollinated families with suspected differences in sensitivity to ozone. Nutrient concentrations and contents were measured in fascicles obtained before and after abscission. Ozone strongly accelerated fascicle abscission and also tended to increase most nutrient concentrations in both pre- and post-abscission fascicles. There was, however, no significant impact of the ozone treatment on the amounts of nutrients resorbed during abscission. These data suggest that nutrient resorption associated with elevated ozone exposure followed a pattern more closely approximating accelerated senescence rather than premature abscission per se. The two open-pollinated families did not differ in nutrient resorption but did have isolated differences in the pre- and post-abscission fascicle concentrations.

Effect of vegetative competition on the moisture and nutrient status of loblolly pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Carter ◽  
J. H. Miller ◽  
D. E. Davis ◽  
R. M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

A field study examined the effects of competing vegetation on the moisture and nutrient status of 5-year-old loblolly pines (Pinustaeda L.). Similar experiments were conducted on a Piedmont site and a Coastal Plain site using individual pines as experimental units. Predawn measurements of xylem pressure potential were made using detached needle fascicles, and nutrient concentrations in soil and foliage samples were determined monthly. This study was conducted during the 3rd year of a relatively dry 3-year period. On the Piedmont site, elimination of all competing vegetation within 1.5 m of the pines significantly lowered moisture stress when compared with the no-elimination treatment; on the Coastal Plainee site, differences were significant on only half of the assay dates. Removing only arborescent vegetation on the Piedmont site reduced pine water stress one-half as much as removing all vegetation, but on the Coastal Plain site this reduction was about two-thirds of that found following removal of all vegetation. As drought length increased, stress increased, regardless of treatment. Higher levels of competing vegetation significantly reduced available potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese concentrations in the loamy sand of the Coastal Plain site, but only potassium was reduced on the Piedmont. None of the treatments significantly affected foliar nutrients at either site.

Simulated Acid Rain Accelerates Litter Decomposition and Enhances the Allelopathic Potential of the Invasive PlantWedelia trilobata(Creeping Daisy)

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Long Wang ◽  
Christian Staehelin ◽  
Franck E. Dayan ◽  
Yuan Yuan Song ◽  
Yi Juan Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Invasive species and acid rain cause global environmental problems. Creeping daisy, an invasive exotic allelopathic weed, has caused great damage in southern China, where acid rain is prevalent. The impact of the acidity of simulated acid rain (SAR) on soil nutrients, the decomposition of creeping daisy litter, and on the allelopathic potential of the surrounding soils was investigated. Litter was treated with SAR at different acidity (pH 2.5, 4.0, 5.6) or with water (pH 7.0) as a control. After 70 d, the remaining amount of creeping daisy litter, nutrient contents, and allelopathic potentials in the surrounding soil were determined. The litter decomposition was commensurate to the increase in the acidity of the SAR. Total C and N contents, NO3−-N and available P increased, levels of NH4+-N, the ratio of C/N and soil pH values decreased, water contents increased and then decreased, whereas available K did not significantly change in the soil surrounding the litters in response to the increase in the acidity of the SAR. Bioassays showed that SAR promoted the allelopathic activity in the soil surrounding the litter, as measured by seedling growth of turnip and radish. In conclusion, our results indicated that SAR influenced soil nutrient status, accelerated creeping daisy litter decomposition, and enhanced the allelopathic potential of its litter in the surrounding soil, suggesting that acid rain may enhance the invasiveness of creeping daisy plants.

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