Effect of vegetative competition on the moisture and nutrient status of loblolly pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Carter ◽  
J. H. Miller ◽  
D. E. Davis ◽  
R. M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

A field study examined the effects of competing vegetation on the moisture and nutrient status of 5-year-old loblolly pines (Pinustaeda L.). Similar experiments were conducted on a Piedmont site and a Coastal Plain site using individual pines as experimental units. Predawn measurements of xylem pressure potential were made using detached needle fascicles, and nutrient concentrations in soil and foliage samples were determined monthly. This study was conducted during the 3rd year of a relatively dry 3-year period. On the Piedmont site, elimination of all competing vegetation within 1.5 m of the pines significantly lowered moisture stress when compared with the no-elimination treatment; on the Coastal Plainee site, differences were significant on only half of the assay dates. Removing only arborescent vegetation on the Piedmont site reduced pine water stress one-half as much as removing all vegetation, but on the Coastal Plain site this reduction was about two-thirds of that found following removal of all vegetation. As drought length increased, stress increased, regardless of treatment. Higher levels of competing vegetation significantly reduced available potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese concentrations in the loamy sand of the Coastal Plain site, but only potassium was reduced on the Piedmont. None of the treatments significantly affected foliar nutrients at either site.

Response of Newly Planted Loblolly Pines to Herbicide and Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. McKee ◽  
Larry P. Wilhite
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Abstract In three separate studies on the Lower Atlantic Coastal Plain, sites were sheared, root-raked, and bedded, and phosphorus was applied. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were planted, and nitrogen fertilizer and preemergence herbicide were applied at several different times. In all three studies, loblolly pine responded positively in height, diameter, and aboveground biomass to herbicide applied in the spring following planting. Responses to nitrogen application were inconsistent. A pronounced increase in growth was found in only one study. There, a nitrogen and a herbicide treatment interacted to give a three-fold increase in aboveground seedling biomass after one growing season. The lack of response to nitrogen in the other two studies may be attributable to low rainfall in the spring after planting and mineralization of native nitrogen from soil organic matter. South. J. Appl. For. 12(1):33-36.

Water relations of loblolly pine trees in southeastern Oklahoma following precommercial thinning

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1508-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert M. Cregg ◽  
Thomas C. Hennessey ◽  
Philip M. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential

Xylem pressure potential, leaf conductance, transpiration, and soil moisture were measured during three summers following precommercial thinning of a 10-year-old stand of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) in southeastern Oklahoma. The stand was thinned to three target basal-area levels: 5.8, 11.5, and 23 m2•ha−1 (control). Soil water potential increased significantly in response to thinning during the summer of each year studied. However, plant water relations were relatively unaffected by the treatments. Significant thinning effects on diurnal xylem pressure potential were observed on only 7 of 55 measurement periods. Treatment differences in conductance and transpiration observed during the first year of the study appeared to be related to differences in light interception and crown exposure. Regression analysis indicated response of leaf conductance and transpiration to predawn xylem pressure potential and vapor pressure deficit was not affected by the thinning treatments. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with a hypothesis in which transpiration, leaf area, and water potential interact to form a homeostatic relationship.

Influence of Oak Control and Pine Growth on Fusiform Rust Incidence in Young Slash and Loblolly Pine Plantations

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Schmidt ◽  
James E. Allen ◽  
Roger P. Belanger ◽  
Thomas Miller
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Loblolly Pines

Abstract The influence of oak control and pine growth on fusiform rust incidence (percentage trees infected) on rust-susceptible slash and loblolly pines was evaluated at age 5 yr at seven potentially high-rust-incidence locations in the Coastal Plain of FL, GA, and MS. Rust-susceptible oaks were reduced or eliminated in a 9 ac treatment block and the surrounding 500 ft border zone of an oak-free (OF) area; oaks were not controlled in an adjacent oak-present (OP) area. At four of seven locations, rust incidence was significantly greater on the OF areas compared with the OP areas, and among all locations, average rust incidence on pine was greater (Pr > F = 0.06) on the OF areas (51.4%) than on the OP areas (40.0%). Greatly reducing rust-susceptible oak stems in the treatment blocks and in a surrounding 500 ft border did not reduce rust incidence on rust-susceptible slash or loblolly pine. Inoculum to infect pine came from beyond the 500 ft border zone. Greater pine height, associated with reduced competition from oaks, likely contributed to the greater rust incidence on pine in the OF areas. South. J. Appl. For. 19(4):151-156.

Removal of Competing Vegetation from Established Loblolly Pine Plantations Increases Growth on Piedmont and Upper Coastal Plain Sites

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Fortson ◽  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
Lois Shackelford
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract A series of paired plots was installed in loblolly pine plantations at 42 locations in Georgia's Piedmont and Alabama's Piedmont and Coastal Plain. One plot of each pair had all competing vegetation eliminated. The other plot was left as an uncontrolled check. Locations were stratified over two age classes (5-9 and 12-16 yr old) and three slope positions (top, midslope, and bottom). Analysis of 33 surviving locations 8 yr after treatment revealed a positive treatment effect for both individual tree (dbh and total height) and stand characteristics (basal area per acre, total volume per acre, and merchantable volume per acre). There was no difference in volume response between age classes. Slope position was not significant for the individual tree variables, but was significant for the stand variables, with midslopes responding most positively followed by bottom and then top slope positions. Over all locations, the average treatment response was approximately ½ cord/ac/yr. Economic analyses indicate that the magnitude of the response will be economical for many stumpage prices, particularly on midslope and bottom slope positions, in plantations where access and species composition make herbicide spraying possible. South J. Appl. For. 20(4):188-192.

Variations in the inorganic composition of inner bark and needles of loblolly pine with tree height and soil series

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry D. White ◽  
Carol G. Wells ◽  
Edgar W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Inorganic Composition

A survey was made of the concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu in inner bark and needles of loblolly pines and the soils in which they grew. Concentrations of K, Al, and Mn in inner bark differed significantly with plots on four soils. However, needle samples seemed to reflect differences in the nutrient status of the soil more readily. Concentrations of N, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, and Zn in inner bark showed statistically significant variation with height of sample on the trunk. Correlations between concentrations of N, K, Ca, Al, and Mn in inner bark and needles on the same tree were significant.

scholarly journals Three Methods for Low-cost Regeneration of Pine—Hardwood Stands in the Gulf Coastal Plain

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Robert H. Jones ◽  
Glenn R. Glover ◽  
James W. Kimbrell
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gulf Coastal Plain ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Abstract Seedtree, clearcut-and-plant, and fell-burn-and-plant methods were applied to three mature, mixed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)-upland hardwood stands at the Dixon Forestry Education Center in southern Alabama. One to two years after treatment, all methods resulted in adequate stocking (> 100 trees/ac) of loblolly pine, laurel oak (Quercus hemisphaerica Batr. Ex Wild.) and other oak species. Clearcut-and-plant resulted in more laurel oaks than loblolly pines while fell-burn-and-plant had the opposite effect. Relatively high densities of both species occurred in the seed tree. In the first two years after harvest, fell-burn-and-plant had the lowest litter cover. All treatments had greater rates of surface soil movement than untreated controls. Six-to-seven years after methods were applied, loblolly pine and laurel oak maintained their dominance in all treatments, although loblolly pine had greater mean height and a greater proportion of stems in larger size classes. Density of oaks more than 4.5 feet tall 6 to 7 yr after harvest were predictable from pre-harvest surveys of total oak density. If adequate densities of pine seed and advance oak regeneration are in place at time of harvest, any of these low cost methods can provide successful regeneration of mixed pine-oak stands on Coastal Plain uplands. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1):37-44.

Nutritional response of loblolly pine exposed to ozone and simulated acid rain

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Baker ◽  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
Michele M. Schoeneberger ◽  
Lance W. Kress
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Rain Effect

The effects of ozone and simulated acid rain on the aboveground nutrient composition of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings were studied in a 2-year open-top chamber experiment in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Multivariate analysis of variance tests indicated significant ozone response in the 2nd year but no significant simulated acid rain effect in either year. No interaction among treatments was detectable. Seedlings responded to increasing ozone exposures with increasing concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the stem, branches, and foliage. The response of increased nutrient concentration was associated with decreased total biomass accumulation. The nutritional responses were most prominent in late season flushes of foliage and are probably related to ozone-induced premature abscission of early-season flushes. High nutrient concentrations in the stem, branches, and late-season flushes of trees exposed to elevated ozone levels suggest retranslocation and slower growth rates resulted in better aboveground nutrient status and lower nutrient demand from the soil.

scholarly journals (73) Effect of Media on Growth of Euphorbia pulcherima `White Star'

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019D-1020
Author(s):  
Ajay Nair ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Stephanie Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sodium Sulfur ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
White Star

Euphorbia pulcherima Willd. ex Klotzsch (poinsettia) are grown commercially in all 50 states. This experiment was conducted to find a suitable media for cultivating `White Star' poinsettia under natural day-length conditions in Orono, Maine. The growth, morphology, and foliar and substrate nutrient concentration of `White Star' poinsettia was evaluated in three different media formulations (Promix®, Metromix-560®, and a 1:1 v/v mixture of Promix® and Metromix-560®). Results indicated minimal variability in overall plant height, but there were significant differences in the canopy area. Canopy area was greatest for plants grown in Promix® followed by a combination of Promix® and Metromix-560®. Plants grown in Promix® recorded the highest fresh weight (170.6 g). Bract area was statistically insignificant among the three treatments. Nutrient status of the media varied widely and was significant for nitrate–nitrogen, phosphorus, soluble salts, iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, sulfur, and zinc. Foliar analysis revealed that nutrient concentrations also significantly differed across treatment media. Optimum media pH for growing poinsettia ranges from 6.0 to 7.5. Media pH for Promix® was 5.9, which was significantly higher than Metromix-560® (4.65) and Promix® + Metromix-560® (1:1 v/v; 5.3). In spite of significant differences in foliar and substrate nutrient concentrations, overall plant growth remained the same.

Gas exchange characteristics and water relations of Larixoccidentalis

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart S. Higgins ◽  
R. Alan Black ◽  
Gary K. Radamaker ◽  
William R. Bidlake
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Maximum Conductance

Photosynthetic, transpirational, and stomatal responses to light, temperature, humidity, and plant moisture stress were measured for greenhouse-grown seedlings of Larixoccidentalis Nutt. Light saturation was 550 μmol photons•m−2•s−1; light and CO2 compensation points were 26 μmol photons•m−2•s−1 and 59 μL CO2•L−1, respectively. Light-saturated photosynthetic rate was over 7 μmol CO2•m−2•s−1 with a temperature optimum between 18 and 23 °C. Photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance to water vapor declined as xylem pressure potential decreased from −1.5 to less than −2.5 MPa; above −1.5 MPa no effect was observed. Stomatal conductance declined with increasing leaf to air vapor density difference. Stomatal conductance increased with increasing irradiance. Nighttime stomatal conductance was about 50% of the daytime maximum conductance regardless of xylem pressure potential. When plants were well watered, the ratio of xylem pressure potential to transpiration (XPP/E) decreased by 1.5 × 10−3 MPa•(μg H2O•cm−2•s−1)−1 with each mg H2O•cm−2 that had been transpired. After 7 days of drought, however, XPP/E decreased at 7.9 × 10−3 MPa•(μg H2O•cm−2•s−1)−1 per mg H2O•cm−2. These characteristics are compared with other conifers and are used to suggest differences between growth patterns of L. occidentalis and sympatric species.

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