Freezing stress tolerance of hardy and tender families of loblolly pine

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1892-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Hodge ◽  
R.J. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cell Water ◽  
Strain Tolerance ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Difference

The freezing behavior of shoot tips of cold-acclimated loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) from four half-sib families varying in hardiness were studied using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Freeze dehydration strain was measured both as the fraction of freezable water frozen (FWF), and contraction strain index (CSI), and differences in hardiness of hardy and tender families were partitioned into differences in strain avoidance and strain tolerance. If dehydration strain is measured as FWF, differences between hardy and tender loblolly families could be explained almost completely as differences in strain tolerance. If dehydration strain is measured as CSI, strain tolerance accounts for a large percentage (≥60%) of the difference in hardiness, although avoidance may also play a role. Hardy families keep a larger fraction of their total cell water in a bound or osmotically inactive state, thus incurring less cell contraction associated with losing cell water volume to freeze dehydration.

scholarly journals A Loblolly Pine Seedling-Grade by Genotype Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. South ◽  
James L. Rakestraw
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Mean Annual Increment ◽  
Percentage Point Difference

Abstract A loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling grade study was established in January 1987 on a Coastal Plain site at Bellville, Georgia. The factorial study involved three seedling grades (Wakeley's Grade 1, 2, and 3) and three half-sib families (#5, 25, 56). Trees were measured at ages 8 and 13 yr. Both family and seedling grade affected survival, height, and diameter at age 8 yr. Survival among families varied by as much as 3 percentage points while there was a 10 percentage point difference between Grade 1 and Grade 2 seedlings. Only family was related to height and diameter at age 13. Volume gains from planting Grade 1 seedlings instead of Grade 3 seedlings varied by family but there were no significant interactions between family and seedling grade. Differences in height among families and among seedling grades decreased over time. At age 8, there was a 5.3 ft difference between the tallest and shortest family but by age 13, the difference declined to 3.7 ft.Overall, planting family 56 instead of family 25 resulted in an additional 645 ft3/ac by age 13. Planting Grade 1 seedlings instead of Grade 3 seedlings produced an additional 303 ft3/ac. Per acre volume differences among families were greater at age 13 than at age 8. In contrast, differences among seedling grades were about the same at age 8 and 13 yr. The overall mean annual increment (MAI) for this study was 207 ft3/ac/yr. In comparison, the MAI for Grade 1 seedlings of family 56 was 239 ft3/ac/yr. South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):153–158.

Relative sensitivity of 18 full-sib families of Pinustaeda to O3

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Kress ◽  
J. M. Skelly ◽  
K. H. Hinkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Foliar Symptom ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Further Development

Seedlings of 18 full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) were screened for sensitivity to 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, or 0.25 ppm O3 in 8-h exposures. Primary needles of newly germinated seedlings and secondary needles of 1-year-old trees were exposed when the needle ages were 3–4 and 8–12 weeks, respectively. Significant variation in foliar symptom expression was noted among families, and was nearly identical for both primary and secondary needles. Family 6-13 × 2-8 was the most sensitive in eight of nine treatments, and was significantly more sensitive than the remaining 17 families in five of nine treatments. In all cases, family 6-13 × 2-8 sustained greater injury than the families involving parent tree 504 (three families) and the difference was significant in eight of nine treatments. The data suggest that it may be feasible to use sensitive and insensitive families of loblolly pine as air pollutant bioindicators, although considerable further development is necessary. The finding that sensitivity and tolerance may be heritable warrants further study.

scholarly journals Nonsolvent Water in Human Erythrocytes

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1311-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Cell Water ◽  
Concentrated Suspension ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fractional Cell

From the ability of a concentrated suspension of human erythrocytes to regulate the pH of unbuffered, anisotonic, external media it is possible to calculate the fractional cell volume in which chloride is dissolved. The difference between this volume and the total cell water gives the nonsolvent water (for chloride) of the cell. Nonsolvent water is less than 3% of the isotonic cell volume. The quantity of nonsolvent water per cell may increase as the cells shrink in hypertonic solutions.

scholarly journals Budidaya ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) sistem akuaponik dengan padat penebaran berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwis Darwis ◽  
Joppy D. Mudeng ◽  
Sammy N.J. Londong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
The Difference

This research aimed to determine the stocking density that support the best growth and survival rate of carp cultivated in aquaponic systems, and to study the water quality of carp culture with different stocking densities in aquaponic systems. The study used 12 aquaria measuring 40x40x40 cm each (water volume of 50 liters). The experimental fish are carp (Cyprinus carpio) weighing in average of 3.5 g/individual.  The fish were cultivated with different stocking densities as treatment, including A = 4; B = 7; C = 10 and D = 13 individuals/aquarium.  The fish were fed with pellet at 5%/body weight/day with a feeding frequency of two times a day. The study was conducted for 4 weeks. Data consisting of daily growth, survival and water quality parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) were measured once a week. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA. The results of the study showed that the difference in stocking density had no significant effect on the growth and survival of carp.  Water quality was in a reasonable range to support the growth and survival of carp cultivated with aquaponic systems.Keywords: cultivation, carp, aquaponics, stocking density, growth

scholarly journals Loblolly Pine Outperforms Slash Pine in Southeastern Georgia and Northern Florida

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
John W. Rheney ◽  
Kenneth L. Hitch
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stand Basal Area ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A total of 141 paired plot installations remain of the 160 that were planted with slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly (P. taedaL.) pine across southeastern Georgia and northern Florida, after 14 growing seasons. Installations were evenly distributed across eight soil types. Analyses indicate that loblolly performed equal to or better than slash pine. There were no soil X species interactions. After 14 yr, loblolly pine had significantly higher survival (71% vs. 66%), stand basal area (98 vs. 81 ft2/ac), total stand volume (1857 vs. 1721 ft3/ac), merchantable stand volume (1497 vs. 1310 ft3/ac), total green weight (53 tons vs. 47 tons), and merchantable green weight (45 vs. 35 tons/ac) than slash pine. Growth over the period from age 11 to age 14 was also higher for loblolly than for slash indicating that the difference in the two species is diverging over time. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1): 31-36.

Variation in water potential components among half-sib families of shortleaf pine (Pinusechinata) in response to soil drought

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Elastic Modules

To assess family differences in response to drought, various water potential components of seedlings from six half-sib families of shortleaf pine (Pinusechinata Mill.) were compared under control (well-watered) and drought conditions. Drought stress resulted in significant changes in water relations parameters of the seedlings between treatments and among families. Although both Montgomery (103) and Pope (322) families had a superior capacity to adjust osmotically to both treatments, Montgomery (103) family exhibited greater potential to adapt to droughty environments through having the lowest values of osmotic potential both at maximum turgor and at the turgor loss point and having the highest values of (i) mean volume of osmostic water at the turgor loss point per volume of symplasmic water, (ii) symplasmic water volume per total shoot water volume, (iii) maximum bulk elastic modules, and (iv) turgor potential. Families Polk (115) and Scott (202) showed intermediate responses to drought. Both Scott (219) and Yell (342) families showed the lowest ability for osmotic adjustment to both treatments, but Yell (342) family revealed even lower drought resistance responses. Results from this study may provide the means of screening families that have high drought resistance potential during the field establishment period.

Bi-Phasic Reverse Movement of Permeable Solute(s) in Cells is Predicted by the Relativistic Permeability Approach

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor I. Katkov
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Biological Cells ◽  
Cell Water ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
The Third ◽  
Non Linear Equations

Ternary systems water — impermeable solute (“salts”) — permeable solute have been widely used in cryopreservation of biological cells where the permeable solute is the cryoprotective agent (CPA). The cell membrane is considered “leaky”’ to CPA so the osmotic process is described by a system of two coupled non-linear equations: the osmotic equation (1.1) that drives water against the gradient of total osmotic pressure of both solutes, and the diffusion equation (1.2), which drives the permeable solute towards its gradient across membrane. In case of the “classical” system one permeable solute + impermeable entities (“salts”), the third equation (Boyle-van’t Hoff law (1.3) that states the constant amount of the impermeable components inside the cell (3) is added: (1.1)dWdt=-LpRTYf-Y+Zf-Z(1.2)dXdt=PsAYf-Y(1.3)WZ=WisoZiso=W0Z0=WfZf=const where W is the cell water volume, t is the time, Lp is the hydraulic conductivity, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, A is the surface area, Y and Z are the osmolalities of permeable and impermeable solutes respectively, X ≡ WY is the intracellular amount (“number of osmoles”) of the permeable solute, Ps is the solute membrane permeability. Subscript “iso” refers to the isosmotic values, “0” is the values at time zero, and “f” refers to the final (equilibrium, extracellular) values. The water permeability can be considered as LpRT.

15N Nuclear Magnetic-Resonance Spectra of ortho-Substituted Phenylacetanilides: The Origin of γ-syn Effects

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Yamagami ◽  
N Takao ◽  
Y Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Upfield Shift ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectra

The 15N chemical shifts of X α and Y α, i.e., the nuclei through which the side chains, X and Y, respectively, of o-substituted phenylacetanilides (2a) are bonded to the aromatic ring were determined. There was observed a uniform upfield shift (γsyn effect). In order to explore the origin of the γ effect, other o-disubstitutes benzenes (2b-d) were also examined. The values of D, defined as the difference between γ α substituent chemical shifts of the ortho (2) and para (3) series of compounds, and considered as a measure of the γ-syn effect, were correlated with various electronic and steric substituent parameters. Correlations with electronegativity and van der Waals terms were successful. Examination of the correlations indicated that the γ-syn effect is mostly governed by electronegativity. The classic steric compression theory does not seem very convincing as a means of explaining the shielding γ-syn effect observed in the present study.

Relationships between the proton nuclear magnetic resonance properties of plasma lipoproteins and cancer

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Otvos ◽  
E J Jeyarajah ◽  
L W Hayes ◽  
D S Freedman ◽  
N A Janjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipid ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Abstract We conducted a comprehensive investigation of the origin of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lineshape variability of plasma lipids among healthy individuals and those with cancer. The methyl and methylene resonances of lipid in human plasma, whose linewidths have been reported to correlate with the presence of malignancy, are composed of the overlapping resonances of "mobile" protons from the major lipoproteins (very-low-, low-, and high-density lipoproteins). We tested two hypotheses for the origin of the narrower plasma linewidths observed for cancer patients: (a) malignancy-associated differences in the spectral properties (chemical shift, lineshape) of one or more of the lipoproteins, and (b) differences in the fraction of lipoprotein lipid giving rise to detectable NMR signal. Analysis of the concentrations of lipoprotein lipid and of 500 MHz NMR spectra of the lipoprotein constituents in greater than 100 plasma samples failed to provide support for either hypothesis. Although linewidths were found to be significantly narrower for the cancer group, the difference is entirely attributable to differences in the concentrations of the lipoproteins.

Performance Comparison of Storage Control Strategies in CSHPSS Systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Solar Fraction ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Heating Plant

Comprehensive numerical computer simulations have been performed to investigate the effects of various storage control strategies on the thermal performance of a non-heat pump Central Solar Heating Plant with Seasonal Storage (CSHPSS) employing a constructed water volume. Different distribution temperatures, load, collector, and storage sizes were also considered in the analyses. The study indicates that the difference in the yearly solar fraction between a system with a simplified storage control strategy and an optimal, but technically more sophisticated one, would be of the order of 0.05–0.15 units (solar fraction, or, equivalently nonauxiliary fraction units). The worst control showed a performance reduction of 0.1–0.35 units compared to the optimal case, the lower value representing system configurations with adequate storage capacity.

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