Effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization on growth of Scots pine trees: total annual biomass increment, needle efficiency, and aboveground allocation of biomass increment

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1639-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Valinger
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Aboveground Production ◽  
Annual Biomass

The effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization, singly and in combination, on growth of 45-year-old Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) trees in northern Sweden were examined for 5 years after treatment. Annual examination of trees determined height growth, diameter growth, crown development, annual biomass increment, aboveground biomass allocation, and needle efficiency in relation to treatments. Nitrogen fertilization increased total dry matter production. The combination of thinning and nitrogen fertilization increased total dry matter production per tree more than the additive effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization singly. Dry matter production per hectare was increased by nitrogen fertilization. Needle efficiency, i.e., total annual aboveground biomass production per unit of needle mass, was also increased by nitrogen fertilization. The increased aboveground production after nitrogen fertilization resulted from both an increase in biomass of needles and from the increased needle efficiency. The allocation pattern indicated that an increased production of stemwood was a result of a larger biomass of needles. An increase in cone production of the control trees was associated with a decrease in needle efficiency.

Dry Matter Production and Partition in Relation to Yield of Tea

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Magambo ◽  
M. G. R. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Shoot:Root Ratio ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Annual Biomass

SUMMARYTea yields of 1 to 4 t ha−1y−1 of dry shoot tips are much less than those of other vegetative crops like grasslands or forests growing in similar conditions, partly because plucking restricts tea biomass production, but mainly because the harvest index of tea is small. In Kenya, plucked tea produced 36% less biomass per hectare per year than unplucked tea, and 64% less wood. Only 8·3% of the total annual biomass increment was harvested. This proportion might be increased by plucking older leaves, increasing the shoot:root ratio, and by lowering the plucking table so that less wood was produced.

scholarly journals Relationship between dry matter production and carbon dioxide absorption in seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) in their second vegetation season

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
W. Żelawski ◽  
J. Kucharska ◽  
J. Kinelska
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Vegetation Season ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Assimilation Capacity ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Accumulation of dry matter in needles, lignified stems and roots during the second vegetation season was compared with seasonal changes in photosynthesis and respiration activities of the se organs. Whereas growth analysis concerned plants growing at nearly natural course of external conditions, gas exchange determinations were made at constant laboratory conditions. For comparison of dry matter production and photosynthetic ability of a plant new terms „assimilation capacity" and „efficiency of assimilation" were introduced as possible expressions of photosynthetic productivity. Two ecotypes of Scots pine originating from lowland and highland regions of the country exhibited slightly different pattern of the investigated characteristics.

scholarly journals Growth bioestimulant in marandu grass cultivated in the amazon biome

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3335-3350
Author(s):  
Grazielle de Carvalho Reis ◽  
◽  
Wildiney Freire de Oliveira ◽  
Camila Cunha da Silva ◽  
Bruno Pereira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a biostimulant on the morphogenesis, structure, productivity, and chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, managed under two nitrogen fertilization levels. Collections were carried out during the dry (June to September) and the rainy season (September to April). The experimental area was divided into 48 plots of 8 m2 each, using a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (0, 1, 2, and 3 L ha−1 of biostimulant × 50 and 150 kg N ha−1 year−1), and subdivided over time into dry and rainy seasons. Treatments were applied in a single dose. An interaction was observed between biostimulant and nitrogen fertilization for the total forage dry matter production and daily forage dry matter production, in which an increase of 30.1 and 25.3% was observed in the total dry matter production and 33.7 and 27.6% in the daily dry matter production when using 1 and 2 L ha−1 of biostimulant, respectively, compared to the non-application of biostimulant and with fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1. The leaf life-span showed a triple interaction (biostimulant × nitrogen fertilization × season), and a decomposition of the interaction showed that the fertilization of 150 kg N ha−1 year−1 provided a shorter leaf life-span during the dry season, with no difference for the other combinations of factors. No interactions were found for the chemical-bromatological composition, with no differences for the biostimulant application. Biostimulant doses of 1 and 2 L ha−1 increase the dry matter production per hectare in the nitrogen fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1, but its action is not effective with the highest nitrogen fertilization (150 kg N ha−1 year−1).

scholarly journals Optical crop sensor for variable-rate nitrogen fertilization in corn: i - plant nutrition and dry matter production

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1288-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jardes Bragagnolo ◽  
Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado ◽  
Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso ◽  
Joerg Jasper ◽  
Junior Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
N Content ◽  
Matter Production

Variable-rate nitrogen fertilization (VRF) based on optical spectrometry sensors of crops is a technological innovation capable of improving the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and mitigate environmental impacts. However, studies addressing fertilization based on crop sensors are still scarce in Brazilian agriculture. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of an optical crop sensor to assess the nutritional status of corn and compare VRF with the standard strategy of traditional single-rate N fertilization (TSF) used by farmers. With this purpose, three experiments were conducted at different locations in Southern Brazil, in the growing seasons 2008/09 and 2010/11. The following crop properties were evaluated: above-ground dry matter production, nitrogen (N) content, N uptake, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) reading, and a vegetation index measured by the optical sensor N-Sensor® ALS. The plants were evaluated in the stages V4, V6, V8, V10, V12 and at corn flowering. The experiments had a completely randomized design at three different sites that were analyzed separately. The vegetation index was directly related to above-ground dry matter production (R² = 0.91; p<0.0001), total N uptake (R² = 0.87; p<0.0001) and SPAD reading (R² = 0.63; p<0.0001) and inversely related to plant N content (R² = 0.53; p<0.0001). The efficiency of VRF for plant nutrition was influenced by the specific climatic conditions of each site. Therefore, the efficiency of the VRF strategy was similar to that of the standard farmer fertilizer strategy at sites 1 and 2. However, at site 3 where the climatic conditions were favorable for corn growth, the use of optical sensors to determine VRF resulted in a 12 % increase in N plant uptake in relation to the standard fertilization, indicating the potential of this technology to improve NUE.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Photosynthetic Characters and Dry Matter Production in F1Hybrids of Rice (Oryza sativaL.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abu Zaman Sarker ◽  
Seiichi Murayama ◽  
Hikaru Akamine ◽  
Ichiro Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production

scholarly journals Hay Tifton 85 grass under nitrogen doses in different days of regrowth

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weudes Rodrigues Andrade ◽  
Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Virgílio Mesquita Gomes ◽  
Leidy Darmony de Almeida Rufino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, nutritional value and potential ruminal degradation of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) harvested at four regrowth ages (28, 35, 42 and 49 days) and fertilized with two nitrogen doses (N; 100 and 300 kg N ha-1). The experimental design was a randomized block design, arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with six replications each. Nitrogen fertilization increased (p < 0.05) dry matter yield and digestible dry matter production of hay and also lignin and crude protein contents. Nitrogen fertilization increased (p < 0.01) the dry matter yield and the digestible dry matter production of hay, as well as lignin (p = 0.01) and crude protein (p = 0.01). The neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (p = 0.01), acid detergent fiber (p = 0.01) and cellulose (p = 0.02) adjusted to the quadratic function regression model of the regrowth ages. For potential rumen degradability hay, it was observed quadratic effect (p = 0.01) with maximum value of 73.1% at 37 days of regrowth. Tifton 85 hay fertilized with 300 kg ha -1 of N and harvested up to 37 days of regrowth results in higher hay dry matter yield, higher crude protein content, and better dry matter rumen degradability. 

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