Effects of nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of cassava in Hawaii: II dry matter production and efficiency of partitioning

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (13-16) ◽  
pp. 1817-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production

Growth and yield studies of Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Boundy ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Matter Production

The effect of serial planting on dry matter production, leaf area, grain yield and yield components cf Lupinus angustifoiius (cvv. Uniwhite, Uniharvest and Unicrop) and L. albus (cv. Ultra) was investigated in field plots at Rutherglen in 1973 and 1974. Delayed planting reduced dry matter production of all cultivars, and leaf area for Ultra. Differences in dry matter partitioning were observed between the late flowering Uniharvest, and the early flowering Unicrop and Ultra. In Uniharvest, delayed plantings resulted in a greater proportion of total dry matter being produced during the flowering phase, whereas the reverse was true for Unicrop and Ultra. The later flowering cultivars showed marked grain yield and yield component reduction with later sowing. Yields were reduced by 160.6 kg/ha and 222.5 kg/ha for each week's delay in sowing Uniharvest and Uniwhite, respectively. This effect was offset in the early flowering cultivars by greater development of lateral branches. In addition, when Unicrop and Ultra were planted in April, pod and flower abortion on the main stem resulted from low temperatures at flowering time. Optimum sowing time was early April for Uniwhite and Uniharvest, and early May for Unicrop and Ultra. Excellent vegetative growth under ideal moisture conditions highlighted the poor harvest indices of lupins and the scope for genetic improvement in the genus.

The growth and yield of uniculm and tillered barley over a range of sowing rates

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute

The growth and yield of two lines of uniculm barley, WID-103 and WID-105, were compared over a range of sowing rates (50-400 kg/ha) with the commercial varieties Galleon and Schooner. The experiments were conducted at Strathalbyn, S.A., in 1986, 1987 and 1988 and at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in 1987. A third tillered variety, Clipper, was included in the comparison in 1988. Over the three years plant populations measured early in the season ranged from 39/m2 to 709/m2, and grain yields from 97 to 41 1 g/m2. Dry matter production at ear emergence increased with greater plant density, and both the tillered varieties and the uniculm lines showed similar responses to higher sowing rates. At maturity, dry matter production of the tillered barleys was greater than or equal to that of the uniculms and the harvest indices (HIs) of the two types were similar. Consequently, grain yields of the tillered types were greater than or equal to the yields of the uniculms. Over the four experiments the tillered varieties had a 6% higher yield. The number of ears/m2 was the yield component most affected by plant density in both the tillered and uniculm barleys. The uniculm lines had more spikelets/ear, but tended to set fewer grains/spikelet and produce smaller kernels. The experiments failed to demonstrate any advantage of the uniculm habit to the grain yield of barley. These results differ from previous experiments that showed that a uniculm line, WID-101, had a higher yield than the tillered variety Clipper. It is suggested that the uniculm habit per se was not the cause of this higher yield, but its higher HI resulted in it outyielding Clipper. Current varieties, however, have HIs similar to the uniculm lines and yield equally to or more than the uniculm barleys examined. To further improve the grain yield of uniculm barley, greater dry matter production is necessary as the HIs of these lines are already high.

Effects of soil properties on variation in growth, grain yield and nutrient concentration of wheat and barley

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Matter Production

High spatial and temporal variability is an inherent feature of dryland cereal crops over much of the southern cereal zone. The potential limitations to crop growth and yield of the chemical properties of the subsoils in the region have been long recognised, but there is still an incomplete understanding of the relative importance of different traits and how they interact to affect grain yield. Measurements were taken in a paddock at the Minnipa Agriculture Centre, Upper Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, to describe the effects of properties in the topsoil and subsoil on plant dry matter production, grain yield and plant nutrient concentrations in two consecutive years. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Worrakatta) was grown in the first year and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Barque) in the second. All soil properties except pH showed a high degree of spatial variability. Variability in plant nutrient concentration, plant growth and grain yield was also high, but less than that of most of the soil properties. Variation in grain yield was more closely related to variation in dry matter at maturity and in harvest index than to dry matter production at tillering and anthesis. Soil properties had a stronger relationship with dry matter production and grain yield in 1999, the drier of the two years. Colwell phosphorus concentration in the topsoil (0–0.15 m) was positively correlated with dry matter production at tillering but was not related to dry matter production at anthesis or with grain yield. Subsoil pH, extractable boron concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) were closely related. The importance of EC and soil extractable boron to grain yield variation increased with depth, but EC had a greater influence than the other soil properties. In a year with above-average rainfall, very little of the variation in yield could be described by any of the measured soil variables. The results suggest that variation in EC was more important to describing variation in yield than variation in pH, extractable boron or other chemical properties.

Effect of seed source and seed phosphorus content on the growth and yield of wheat in north-eastern Victoria

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Burnett ◽  
P. J. Newton ◽  
D. R. Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
P Content ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Early Seedling

Summary. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed was grown at 2 locations differing in phosphorus (P) status (low and high) in north-eastern Victoria (36°S, 146°E), with applied superphosphate (kg P/ha: 0, 12, 24, 100 and 200), to produce seed of different P content. This seed was used in field and glasshouse experiments in 1993 and 1994 to investigate the effects of seed source and P content on the growth and yield of wheat. Wheat seed grown at the low P status site was smaller than seed grown at the high P status site, irrespective of the amount of applied P. Seed from the low P status site produced less early dry matter in both field and glasshouse experiments in 1993, but there was no effect of seed source on grain yield in either experiment. High seed P content either had no effect or reduced seedling emergence in the field experiments. In the glasshouse, low P content in seed from the low P status site resulted in reduced emergence. Increases in dry matter production and grain yield with higher seed P content were only observed in the drought season of 1994. Application of P resulted in increased emergence, dry matter production and grain yield at most seed P content levels but there were no significant interactions between seed P content and applied P. Application of N did not affect dry matter production in either year, but increased grain protein in both years and grain yield in 1993. Seed from low P status environments can affect early seedling growth but in average growing seasons, or in glasshouse conditions, wheat growth compensates so that differences in grain yield are not observed. However, in order to avoid risk of poor early seedling growth and possible yield penalties when the crop is stressed, wheat seed should be collected from adequate soil P status sites.

Effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization on growth of Scots pine trees: total annual biomass increment, needle efficiency, and aboveground allocation of biomass increment

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1639-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Valinger
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Aboveground Production ◽  
Annual Biomass

The effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization, singly and in combination, on growth of 45-year-old Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) trees in northern Sweden were examined for 5 years after treatment. Annual examination of trees determined height growth, diameter growth, crown development, annual biomass increment, aboveground biomass allocation, and needle efficiency in relation to treatments. Nitrogen fertilization increased total dry matter production. The combination of thinning and nitrogen fertilization increased total dry matter production per tree more than the additive effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization singly. Dry matter production per hectare was increased by nitrogen fertilization. Needle efficiency, i.e., total annual aboveground biomass production per unit of needle mass, was also increased by nitrogen fertilization. The increased aboveground production after nitrogen fertilization resulted from both an increase in biomass of needles and from the increased needle efficiency. The allocation pattern indicated that an increased production of stemwood was a result of a larger biomass of needles. An increase in cone production of the control trees was associated with a decrease in needle efficiency.

scholarly journals Integrated Nutrient Management with Biofertilizers in Different Genotypes of Rice Sown under Aerobic Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
B. Sreedevi ◽  
Aarti Singh ◽  
M. Tejaswini
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Matter Production

Aerobic rice is a new way of cultivating rice that requires less water than lowland rice. A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2015 to evaluate the effects of nutrient management with Biofertilizers on growth and yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economics different rice cultivars. The experiment was laid out split plot design with four replications. Main plot treatments consisted of two cultivars viz., whereas, sub plot treatments comprised of nutrient management practices namely, N1-125% RDF, N2-125% RDF + Biofertilizers, N3 -100% RDF, N4 -100% RDF + Biofertilizers, N5-75% RDF, N6-75% RDF + Biofertilizers. The source of biofertiliser was a combination of Azospirillum, Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria and Potassium Solubilizer applied @ 5 kg/ha-1. Crop dry matter production (2582.3 g/m2), root dry matter production (910.1 g/m2), tillers/m2 (566), leaf area index (4.54), panicles/m2 (535), panicle length (23.81), panicle weight (4.56) and test weight (25.3) was higher in PA 6444 compared to DRR Dhan 44. Higher uptake of nutrients was also observed in PA 6444. Rice fertilized with 125% RDF + Biofertilizers (N2) produced higher crop (2901.6 g/m2) and root dry matter production (1028.1 g/m2), tillers/m2 (561) and leaf area index (5.19). This treatment also recorded higher yield attributes and grain yield (3.55 t/ha). With respect to nutrient uptake, application of 125% RDF + Biofertilizers (N2) recorded      higher N, P and K uptake by grain and straw and higher profitability (1.57) than other nutrient combinations.

scholarly journals Growth bioestimulant in marandu grass cultivated in the amazon biome

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3335-3350
Author(s):  
Grazielle de Carvalho Reis ◽  
◽  
Wildiney Freire de Oliveira ◽  
Camila Cunha da Silva ◽  
Bruno Pereira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a biostimulant on the morphogenesis, structure, productivity, and chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, managed under two nitrogen fertilization levels. Collections were carried out during the dry (June to September) and the rainy season (September to April). The experimental area was divided into 48 plots of 8 m2 each, using a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (0, 1, 2, and 3 L ha−1 of biostimulant × 50 and 150 kg N ha−1 year−1), and subdivided over time into dry and rainy seasons. Treatments were applied in a single dose. An interaction was observed between biostimulant and nitrogen fertilization for the total forage dry matter production and daily forage dry matter production, in which an increase of 30.1 and 25.3% was observed in the total dry matter production and 33.7 and 27.6% in the daily dry matter production when using 1 and 2 L ha−1 of biostimulant, respectively, compared to the non-application of biostimulant and with fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1. The leaf life-span showed a triple interaction (biostimulant × nitrogen fertilization × season), and a decomposition of the interaction showed that the fertilization of 150 kg N ha−1 year−1 provided a shorter leaf life-span during the dry season, with no difference for the other combinations of factors. No interactions were found for the chemical-bromatological composition, with no differences for the biostimulant application. Biostimulant doses of 1 and 2 L ha−1 increase the dry matter production per hectare in the nitrogen fertilization of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1, but its action is not effective with the highest nitrogen fertilization (150 kg N ha−1 year−1).

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