Direct and indirect effects of calcium sulfate and nitrogen on growth and succession of trees on the Tanana River floodplain, interior Alaska

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stuart Chapin III ◽  
Lawrence R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Potential Transpiration

Seedlings of Alaskan floodplain species (Populusbalsamifera L. (balsam poplar), Alnustenuifolia Nutt. (thinleaf alder), and Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce)) and an upland species (Populustremuloides Michx. (trembling aspen)) were grown in early-successional floodplain soils treated with a floodplain salt (calcium sulfate, CaSO4), an osmoticant (polyethylene glycol), and nitrogen. CaSO4 reduced the growth of aspen relative to controls but also reduced the growth of some typical floodplain colonizers (alder at low nitrogen and poplar at high nitrogen). Aspen and poplar were the most rapidly growing species, even when grown with salt or polyethylene glycol. Effects of CaSO4 on growth, therefore, do not explain why aspen is less abundant on the floodplain than are typical floodplain colonizers. CaSO4 reduced growth directly in salt-sensitive species, judging from the insensitivity of water potential, transpiration, and photosynthesis to CaSO4 addition. Tissue concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were unaffected by CaSO4, suggesting that the declines in nutrient accumulation by salt-sensitive species in response to CaSO4 addition reflected a decline in nutrient demands for growth rather than being the cause of the reduction in growth. Growth and nutrient accumulation were stimulated by nitrogen addition in all species. We suggest that floodplain salts may be important in succession by slowing the establishment and growth of alder, which is responsible for most of the nitrogen acquired by plants during succession.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the abundance and cell size of planktonic nanoflagellate communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-437
Author(s):  
Danielle Goeldner Pereira ◽  
Fábio Amodêo Lansac-Tôha ◽  
Gustavo Mayer Pauleto ◽  
Luis Mauricio Bini ◽  
Luiz Felipe Machado Velho
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Pigmented Nanoflagellates ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Enrichment

AIM: We experimentally investigated the effects of nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) enrichment on the density, biomass, and cell size of pigmented and heterotrophic plankton nanoflagellates communities. METHODS: The experiment was done in mesocosms in a tropical reservoir during a 19-day period. Four different treatments were carried out: Control (non-nutrient addition - C), phosphorus additions (P), nitrogen addition (N) and phosphorus + nitrogen addition (N + P). Each treatment was performed in triplicate, sorted randomly, thus giving a total of 12 experimental carboys, which were placed transversely in the middle of the reservoir. RESULTS: In general, pigmented and heterotrophic nanoflagellates fractions responded to nutrient addition, increasing densities and biomass values at the fertilized treatments. Opposed to expected, enriched treatments resulted in a slight decrease in mean cell size of the pigmented fraction. Moreover, in nutrient-rich treatments, pigmented nanoflagellates had higher relative abundance than in the control. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that: i) the density and biomass of nanoflagellates responded to the nutrient enrichment, mainly when N and P were added together; ii) the pigmented and heterotrophic fractions showed distinct time responses to fertilization; iii) the growth of nanoflagellate community seems to be co-limited by N and P; iv) the nutrient enrichment led to a greater pigmented than heterotrophic fraction contribution; and v) among the analyzed variables, nanoflagellate densities seem to be more sensitive to changes in nutrient availability than biomass or mean cell size.

Distribution of Biomass, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Other Nutrients in Banksia marginata and B. ornata Shoots of Different Ages After Fire.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Groves ◽  
PJ Hocking ◽  
A Mcmahon
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The heathland form of Banksia marginata Cav. regenerates rarely from seed but commonly by resprout- ing from buds on lateral roots, whereas Banksia ornata F. Muell. regenerates only from seed, usually released after fire. The two species co-occur in heath vegetation on nutrient-poor soils in south-eastern South Australia and western Victoria. Shoots were sampled from stands of B. marginata aged from 1 to 25 years and of B. ornata aged from 1 to 50+ years after fire in the Little Desert National Park, western Victoria. B. marginata, the resprouter, distributed a greater proportion of the total shoot dry matter and content of all nutrients to vegetative growth over its shorter life span than B. ornata, the non-sprouter. About 50% of the total phosphorus in B. ornata shoots at 50+ years was present in cones (including seeds) compared with only about 20% in B. marginata shoots at a comparable stage of senescence (25 years). This difference between the species was also true to a lesser degree for nitrogen. There were considerable differences between other nutrients in their distribution patterns in shoots. Nutrients could be grouped together on the basis of distribution in shoots more satisfactorily than on presumed physio- logical roles. Stems were major sites of nutrient accumulation in both species. The content of a particular nutrient in seeds as a proportion of the content in the living parts of the shoot ranged from 0.03% (Na, Mn) to 2.0% (P) in B. marginata, and from 0.3% (Na) to as high as 31% (P) in B. ornata. Concen- trations of all nutrients except sodium were much higher in seeds than in the woody cones or vegetative organs of both species; seeds of B. ornata were particularly rich in calcium and manganese. We conclude that the different patterns of distribution of biomass and nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, within shoots of the two species reflect their different regenerative modes after fire. Introduction Phosphorus and, to a lesser extent, nitrogen limit the growth of sclerophyllous shrubs on nutrient-poor soils in southern Australia

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Low-Nitrogen Addition on Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus of Vegetation-Soil in Alpine Meadow

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10998
Author(s):  
Zhen’an Yang ◽  
Wei Zhan ◽  
Lin Jiang ◽  
Huai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
And Function

As one of the nitrogen (N) limitation ecosystems, alpine meadows have significant effects on their structure and function. However, research on the response and linkage of vegetation-soil to short-term low-level N deposition with rhizosphere processes is scant. We conducted a four level N addition (0, 20, 40, and 80 kg N ha−1 y−1) field experiment in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) from July 2014 to August 2016. We analyzed the community characteristics, vegetation (shoots and roots), total carbon (TC), nutrients, soil (rhizosphere and bulk) properties, and the linkage between vegetation and soil under different N addition rates. Our results showed that (i) N addition significantly increased and decreased the concentration of soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) and ammonium nitrogen, and the soil pH, respectively; (ii) there were significant correlations between soil (rhizosphere and bulk) NO3−-N and total nitrogen (TN), and root TN, and there was no strong correlation between plant and soil TC, TN and total phosphorus, and their stoichiometry under different N addition rates. The results suggest that short-term low-N addition affected the plant community, vegetation, and soil TC, TN, TP, and their stoichiometry insignificantly, and that the correlation between plant and soil TC, TN, and TP, and their stoichiometry were insignificant.

Nitrogen addition regulates tradeoff between root capture and foliar resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in a subtropical pine plantation

Trees ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Kou ◽  
Huimin Wang ◽  
Wenlong Gao ◽  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

AM fungi and PGP pseudomonads increase flowering, fruit production, and vitamin content in strawberry grown at low nitrogen and phosphorus levels

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bona ◽  
Guido Lingua ◽  
Paola Manassero ◽  
Simone Cantamessa ◽  
Francesco Marsano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Environmental resource interactions affect red raspberry growth and its competition with white spruce

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 906-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Resource Interactions ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Multifactor experiments were used to study the effects of (1) shade, moisture, and nutrients on above- and below-ground biomass production of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and (2) intra- versus inter-specific competition for light, nitrogen, and space in interplantings of raspberry and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings. Interactive effects among the manipulated resources on seedling growth were common. Raspberry biomass increased with increasing moisture and nutrients or with added nitrogen when nitrogen was the only nutrient manipulated. Seventy-three percent shade reduced raspberry biomass production, while production under full sun and 30% shade was similar. Raspberry shoot/root ratio increased with increasing nutrients and shade but decreased with age. In mixed plantings with spruce, when nitrogen was added, raspberry biomass and shoot/root ratio increased at the expense of spruce, while the shoot/root ratio decreased with shade in low-nitrogen plots. Spruce height growth was not affected by light level, nitrogen addition, or competition type; however, spruce diameter and biomass production decreased with competition from both raspberry and spruce and increased with increasing growing space and in low-nitrogen shaded plots where raspberry was less common.

Yield, oil and protein content of oilseed rape as affected by soil and fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Osborne ◽  
GD Batten
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Low Nitrogen

The Zephyr cultivar of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was grown on two sites at Wagga Wagga. Both sites had a wide range in levels of available phosphorus; one had a low and the other a high level of soil nitrogen. On both sites superphosphate applied prior to, and during, the current cropping phase caused significant increases in dry matter production, seed yield, oil and protein yields. Pod numbers increased significantly only on the high nitrogen site. On the high nitrogen site, seed, protein and oil yields (kg ha-1) were higher than on the low nitrogen site, even when the latter site was cropped using nitrogen fertilizer. Oil yields ranged from 237 to 1273 kg ha-1 on the high nitrogen site and from 229 to 91 6 kg ha-1 on the low nitrogen site. The rape crop responded to drilled superphosphate on sites with low to medium levels of 'available' phosphorus. Soil tests developed for wheat indicated sites with adequate soil nitrogen and phosphorus.

Studies on some solodic soils in north-eastern Queensland. 1. Morphological and chemical characteristics

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Crack ◽  
RF Isbell
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Variable Chemical ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Morphological and chemical data are presented for solodic and solodized-solonetz soils occurring in north-eastern Queensland under a strongly seasonal summer rainfall. Mean annual totals range from 26 in, to 70 in. The soils have slightly acid sandy to loamy A horizons, often strongly bleached, and abruptly underlain by hard dense clay R horizons which are strongly alkaline at depth. Profiles show variable chemical properties but many surface elements show relatively little variability within or between areas sampled. Data for such elements may be interpolated for sites within the area studied. Major chemical features are low nitrogen and phosphorus levels which show little variation between areas sampled. The exchangeable calcium : magnesium ratio of surface soils is narrow but values do not suggest deficiencies or imbalance. In the subsoils magnesium and sodium are the dominant exchangeable cations. Exchangeable and acid-extractable potassium values are variable in surface horizons, and data indicate sufficiency in the lower rainfall areas with likelihood of deficiency under higher rainfall. The soils have several adverse physical properties.

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