Crooked leaders and nutrition in Fraser fir Christmas trees

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
C. Ray Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Nutritional Guidelines ◽  
Sampling Position ◽  
Small Roots

Current-year foliage from the upper crown of Fraser fir (Abiesfraseri (Pursh) Poir.) Christmas trees with normal and abnormally spiraled or crooked leaders was sampled monthly between July and November over a 3-year period. Bark, wood, and small roots were also collected in November 1988, and foliage was collected from the upper whorl and leader on two dates in 1989. Concentrations of several nutrients varied significantly between crooked and straight trees in some years, but not across all years. With several elements, changes in concentration during the growing season were inconsistent across years. Some differences were too small to be of practical significance; others favored trees with crooked leaders when compared with nutritional guidelines. Concentrations of all elements varied considerably among trees, and nearly all nutrients exhibited significant temporal changes in concentration during the growing season. Concentrations also varied by sampling position. Nitrogen concentration tended to be higher in the foliage of crooked trees. Because there was no consistent pattern of deficiency, excess, or imbalance for any particular nutrient, the crooked leader problem in Fraser fir appears to have no distinct nutritional basis.

scholarly journals Effect of Uniconazole on Shoot Growth and Budset of Containerized Fraser Fir

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Layne K. Snelling
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Lateral Bud

In two experiments, uniconazole (0.25 to 16 mg·L-1 a.i.) was applied as a root drench to containerized Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] at various times of the year. Leader length, stem diameter, length of laterals, and number of subterminal buds were reduced the following growing season. Treatment during the 1994 growing season reduced lateral bud formation on the leader in 1995, whereas treatment with 8 or 16 mg·L-1 in Mar. 1995 (prior to budbreak) increased it. Uniconazole caused needle discoloration and abscission at concentrations ≥4 mg·L-1. Leader growth was reduced more than branch elongation, which tended to make plants more decurrent. The utility of uniconazole in production of tabletop Fraser fir Christmas trees was unclear; reduced shoot elongation was often accompanied by fewer lateral buds and needle discoloration and/or abscission. Chemical name used: E-1-(p-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazole-1-penten-3-ol) (uniconazole).

Propagation of Abiesfraseri by cuttings: orthotropic shoot production from hedged stock plants

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrell C. Wise ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
L. Eric Hinesley
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Separate Study ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Shoot Production

Fraser fir (Abiesfraseri (Pursh) Poir.) stock plants grown as transplants (4 years old) or sheared Christmas trees (14 years old) were subjected to independent combinations of hedging and chemical treatments to induce orthotropic shoot production. Decapitation treatments that removed the most top growth produced the greatest number of orthotropic shoots in each age-class after one growing season. Sprays of dikegulac at 1000 and 3000 ppm did not stimulate orthotropic shoot formation. Orthotropic shoots induced on maturing Christmas trees rooted in lower percentages than plagiotropic cuttings from similar nondecapitated trees. Since rooting and survival of the severed shoots were largely or totally unaffected by hedging treatments, decapitation treatments that produced the most shoots the 1st year continued to exhibit the most rooted cuttings at the end of the following season. At that time, superior treatments on 4- and 14-year-old plants had produced less than three and five rooted orthotropic shoots per stock plant, respectively. The stock plants received no additional hedging and were evaluated for shoot production after a second season. No treatment differences occurred within the older plants, but superior treatments from the 1st year tended to be retained within the transplants. In a separate study, orthotropic shoot production by severe decapitation was enhanced by maintaining low fertility.

scholarly journals Correcting Loss of the Terminal Bud in Fraser Fir Christmas Trees

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Layne K. Snelling
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Terminal Bud

Various pruning treatments were evaluated to determine the best procedure to correct terminal bud loss in Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.]. Removing the top node (expanding terminal and subterminal buds) soon after budbreak combined with light pruning of the major branches in the next two lower whorls best restored a normal leader. This procedure allowed one or more shoots just below the cut to become orthotropic leaders in the first growing season. All but one of these shoots were removed, and only a single leader was retained after growth matured in late August or September.

scholarly journals Fraser Fir Tolerance and Weed Control with Hexazinone + Sulfometuron-methyl

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linglong Wei ◽  
Jarrod J. Morrice ◽  
Rodney V. Tocco ◽  
Bernard H. Zandstra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Sulfometuron Methyl ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Second Year

Experiments were conducted to test a new herbicide for posttransplant application in Christmas trees. A premix containing 68.6% hexazinone and 6.5% sulfometuron-methyl was applied at 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 oz/acre plus 0.25% v/v nonionic surfactant (NIS) to recently transplanted fraser fir (Abies fraseri) Christmas trees and trees transplanted for 1 year in Spring 2008. The treatments were repeated on the same plots in 2009 and 2010. At Gobles, MI, trees treated with 7.5 oz/acre of hexazinone plus sulfometuron had increased stem diameter, after one growing season, and trees treated with 9.0 oz/acre had reduced leader length the second year. After 3 years, fraser fir trees treated with hexazinone plus sulfometuron at 9.0 oz/acre had reduced tree height. Stem diameter, leader length, and number of leader buds were not statistically different from the untreated control. At Horton, MI, trees treated with 9.0 oz/acre of hexazinone plus sulfometuron had reduced leader length after 1, 2, and 3 years. After 3 years, trees treated with hexazinone plus sulfometuron at 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 oz/acre were shorter than the untreated controls. There were no differences from the untreated trees in stem diameter of trees treated with hexazinone plus sulfometuron after 3 years.

Early growth of lodgepole pine after establishment of alsike clover–Rhizobium nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Trowbridge ◽  
F.B. Holl
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Needle Mass

An overdense lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.) stand was knocked down and the site was prepared by broadcast burn, windrow burn, or mechanical forest floor removal. Inoculated alsike clover (Trifoliumhybridum L.) was seeded at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha for the three different site preparation treatments to determine the effects of (i) site preparation on infection and effectiveness of the clover–Rhizobium symbiosis and clover percent cover and (ii) the clover–Rhizobium N2-fixing symbiosis on survival, early growth, and foliar nitrogen concentration of lodgepole pine seedlings. The N2-fixing symbiosis established well in all treatments. Clover percent cover increased with increasing rate of seeding, although by relatively few percent in the clover seeded plots. Broadcast burning, windrow burning, and mechanical forest floor removal did not affect the establishment of the N2-fixing symbiosis or clover percent cover. Lodgepole pine survival was not affected by the seeding treatments in any year, nor were height measurements during the first three growing seasons. Seedling height was slightly less in clover-seeded plots compared with controls in the fourth growing season. Lodgepole pine seedlings on clover-seeded plots had decreased diameter growth compared with controls during the first three growing seasons, but incremental diameter growth no longer showed this effect by the fourth growing season. Needle mass (g/100 needles) was less in clover-seeded plots at the end of the second growing season, but this effect was reversed by the fourth growing season, when both needle mass and foliar nitrogen concentration in lodgepole pine foliage were greater in clover-seeded plots.

Bionomics of the pine needle scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), an emerging pest in Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations in southern Québec, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Frdéric Guay ◽  
Amy Bernier-Desmarais ◽  
Jean-François Doherty ◽  
Conrad Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), has the status of an emerging pest in Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations in Québec, Canada. The scale is not known to cause any significant damage yet and is not generally monitored by growers. However, it can be an obstacle for exportation to Christmas tree markets where scale insects are strictly regulated. In this study, we describe its life cycle in Christmas tree plantations in southern Québec. We confirm the presence of both parthenogenetic and sexual forms of the scale on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poiret (Pinaceae) grown as Christmas trees, and of parasitoid and Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) specialists that could contribute to its control.

Mapping Optimum Nitrogen Crop Uptake

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-327
Author(s):  
J. Villodre ◽  
I. Campos ◽  
H. Lopez-Corcoles ◽  
J. Gonzalez-Piqueras ◽  
L. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Growth Model ◽  
Crop Uptake ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Critical Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Crop Biomass

This work proposes a methodology that uses remote sensing (RS) images to obtain optimum nitrogen crop uptake (Nuptake) maps, for the all pixels in the image included in the field during the entire growing season. The Nuptake was determined from relationship between critical nitrogen concentration (Nc) and biomass where biomass was estimated by a crop growth model based on the water use efficiency. The paper proposes the use of this methodology in commercial wheat farm. The results are discussed with respect to field measurements of crop biomass and N concentration on different dates and in zones with different nitrogen treatments from 8 commercial wheat farms in Albacete, Spain during 2015 and 2016.

scholarly journals Vegetation change in response to climate factors and human activities on the Mongolian Plateau

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Meng ◽  
Ni Huang ◽  
Mingquan Wu ◽  
Jie Pei ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Mongolian Plateau ◽  
Vegetation Growth

Background Vegetation in the Mongolian Plateau is very sensitive to climate change, which has a significant impact on the regulation of terrestrial carbon cycle. Methods We analyzed spatio-temporal changes of both growing season and the seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using simple linear trend analysis. Besides, correlation analysis was applied to explore the climate factors’ effects on vegetation growth at temporal and spatial scale. Potential effects of human factors on vegetation growth were also explored by residual trend analysis. Results The results indicated that vegetation growth showed a greening trend in the Mongolian Plateau over the past 30 years. At the temporal scale, the growing season NDVI showed an insignificant increasing trend (at a rate of 0.0003 yr−1). At the spatial scale, a large region (53.8% of the whole Mongolian Plateau) with an increasing growing season NDVI, was primarily located in the southern and northern parts of the plateau. The correlation analysis suggested that temperature and precipitation were the main limiting factors that affected vegetation growth in spring and the growing season, respectively. The residual trend analysis showed that human activities primarily stimulated the growth of grasslands and shrublands, while croplands displayed a decreasing trend due to human disturbances, implying that anthropogenic factors may lead to croplands abandonment in favor of grasslands restoration. Our results provided detailed spatial and temporal changes of vegetation growth, and explored how climate and human factors affected vegetation growth, which may offer baseline data and scientific suggestions for local land and resources management, and facilitate the sustainable development of the terrestrial ecosystems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document