Effects of the parental environment on full-sib families of Pinussylvestris

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingegerd Dormling ◽  
Øystein Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Identical Pair ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Sib Families

Identical pair crosses, including reciprocals, in Pinussylvestris L. (Scots pine) were made on ramets of the same clones in three clonal archives (seed orchards) in Sweden: Sävar (64°N), Röskär (59.5°N), and Degeberga (56°N). The offspring were used to test the hypothesis that the parental environment could affect the performance of the progeny (aftereffects). Growth and freezing tests were performed in the controlled conditions of the Stockholm Phytotron. Parental environment affected seed weight: the heaviest seeds came from Röskär and the lightest seeds, from Degeberga. Height development was affected in the two growth periods tested: seeds from Sävar produced the shortest plants and seeds from Röskär, the tallest plants. There was an effect on the autumn frost hardiness in the first growth period that disappeared after the second growth period. The most hardy progenies came from Sävar. The aftereffects of the parental environment were less than the maternal effects on seed weight and also less than the effects of full-sib families on growth and autumn frost hardiness. Small but mostly significant reciprocal effects were found for height and height increment during the second growth period. There was a significant reciprocal effect for seed weight. Seed weight differences could explain only a small part of the effects on growth and none of the effects on hardiness.

Growth and phenology of 1-year-old maritime pine (Pinuspinaster) seedlings under continuous light: implications for early selection

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1325-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Martin Lascoux ◽  
Antoine Kremer ◽  
Ingegerd Dormling
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Light ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Progeny Tests

Experiments were conducted in the Stockholm Phytotron to test continuous light as a method to hasten the development of seedlings. Two sets of maritime pine (Pinuspinaster Ait.) families were grown under growth-accelerating conditions in a controlled environment. The first set comprised 18 open-pollinated families that were exposed to continuous light and 16-h photoperiod during the first growth period. The second set comprised nine half-sib families that were exposed to two continuous light treatments differing in their temperature regimes. In both cases seedlings were exposed to a 16-h photoperiod during the second growth period. All families were chosen according to their breeding values for height growth and polycyclism estimated in the oldest progeny tests of the maritime pine program. In both experiments, traits were found that correctly ranked the families for either growth or polycyclism during the second growth period. During the first growth period, better results were obtained under the most growth accelerating treatments. Yet, in the second experiment, consistency between phytotron and field rankings was already achieved for both treatments in the first growth period. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the seedling development over the first years and that future retrospective tests should be conducted in a similar way in order to end controversies.

scholarly journals Development and renewal-conditions of dune pine forests second growth in the lichen and cowberry site type in Southwest Estonia

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadri Kõresaar ◽  
Priit Kõresaar ◽  
Malle Mandre
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Second Growth

Edela-Eesti luitemetsade järelkasvu arengust ning uuenemistingimustest sambliku ja pohla kasvukohatüübis On the southwestern coast of Estonia dune pine forest covers approximately 3000 hectares. This area includes coastal pine forests. The dune pine forest natural renewal in Southwest Estonia is the object of research. The natural regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) at the cowberry site type and at the lichen site type are observed. The necessary observations were made and primary data were collected in 1999-2006 from 28 sample plots, wherefrom 16 were situated at the lichen and 12 at the cowberry site type. The aim of the present study was to find out how old stand and forest site type influences the growth of second growth (height, height increment, age and number of trees per unit area) and its morphological parameters (length of needles and shoots and their dry mass).

Effect of temperature on seed development in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider). I. Dry matter changes

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw ◽  
RL Dunstone
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Subtropical Species

Growth of the capsule and seed of jojoba were followed from pollination to maturity at eight temperature regimens ranging from 15/10 to 36/31�C (8/16 h; photoperiod 16 h). There was an initial lag before the onset of rapid (linear) seed development, during which the capsule expanded, and this lag varied from 106 days at 15/10�C to 7 days at 36/31�C. The wax concentration in the seed was low during the initial stages of development, but reached a maximum when the seeds were 70-75% of their final dry weight. The maximum rate of dry matter accumulation in the seed increased with temperature up to 33/28�C but, because of the longer growth period at low temperature, seed size at maturity was greatest at 18/13�C. The current work suggests that prolonged periods with temperatures above 36/31�C, or below 15/10�C would be harmful to the development of jojoba seed. The high optimum temperature for growth rate of the seed (33/28�C) and sensitivity to a temperature of 15/10�C, puts jojoba into the same group as many subtropical species. However, the lower optimum temperature for seed weight at maturity (18/13�C) is close to that observed for the temperate cereals.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetic analysis in Phalaris tuberosa I. The statistical theory of open-pollinated progenies

1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. H. Latter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Commercial Population ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
Self Fertilization

The present series of papers is concerned with the variation shown by date of ear emergence, seed weight, and measures of seedling growth rate in the Australian Commercial population of Phalaris tuberosa L. In this first communication, the statistical theory necessary for the interpretation of the available experimental observations is developed. The treatment involves a consideration of the effects of partial self-fertilization under open-pollination, of phenotypic assortative mating, and of maternal effects, on the expectations of the observed covariances among relatives.

Effects of genetic selection for growth on frost hardiness in western hemlock

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Hannerz ◽  
Sally N Aitken ◽  
John N King ◽  
Sonya Budge
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Sib Families

Fall and spring frost hardiness was determined from electrolytic leakage of artificially frozen needle segments in 22 full-sib families of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) from British Columbia and Washington State representing different levels of genetic gain, and of four provenance materials (stand progenies from the Queen Charlotte Islands, Vancouver Island, and Oregon Cascades, and seed-orchard progenies from the northern Oregon Coast Range). Samples for freeze testing were collected in a 5-year-old trial at Jordan River on southwestern Vancouver Island. Height and date of bud flush were recorded in the field. Genetic gain among the full-sib families was not correlated with fall frost hardiness, but high-yielding families displayed a lower spring frost hardiness and an earlier bud flush than low-yielding families. Both fall and spring frost hardiness increased and height growth decreased with the latitude of provenances. The highest growth, earliest bud flush and lowest fall and spring frost hardiness was demonstrated by the Oregon provenances, while the lowest growth, latest bud flush and highest hardiness was found for the Queen Charlotte Islands provenance.

scholarly journals Prosodic sensitivity and reading fluency of musicians and non-musicians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja L. Obergfell ◽  
Barbara M. Schmidt ◽  
Prisca Stenneken ◽  
Sonja K. Wittemann ◽  
Alfred Schabmann
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Reading Groups ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Prosodic Sensitivity ◽  
Reading Measures

Abstract This study investigates the effects of prosodic sensitivity on reading. Highly capable adult musicians (i.e., persons with potentially excellent prosodic skills) and non-musicians were compared in terms of prosodic sensitivity and reading. Furthermore, the study examines possible reciprocal effects of prosodic sensitivity and reading. Sixty native German-speaking university students, musicians (n = 30) and non-musicians (n = 30), completed three measures of prosodic sensitivity on the sentence level. In addition, word and nonword reading were tested. To check for possible reciprocal effects of prosodic sensitivity and reading, groups of musicians and non-musicians matched on the reading level as well as the prosodic sensitivity level were compared. The results showed that musicians outperformed non-musicians in two of the three prosodic sensitivity measures and both reading measures. Considering subgroup analysis this seems to indicate a non-reciprocal effect of prosodic sensitivity on reading. Moreover, when controlling for phonological awareness, prosodic sensitivity showed a unique effect on reading in the whole sample. Based on the results, we argue that good prosodic sensitivity can facilitate reading performance.

scholarly journals How causal is a reciprocal effect? Contrasting traditional and new methods to investigate the reciprocal effects model of self-concept and achievement

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Hübner ◽  
Wolfgang Wagner ◽  
Steffen Zitzmann ◽  
Benjamin Nagengast
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weighting Methods

The relationship between students’ subject-specific academic self-concept and their academic achievement is one of the most widely researched topics in educational psychology. A large body of this research has considered cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs), oftentimes synonymously referred to as reciprocal effects models (REMs), as a gold standard to investigate the causal relations between the two variables and has reported evidence for a reciprocal relationship between self-concept and achievement. However, more recent methodological research questioned the plausibility of assumptions that need to be satisfied in order to interpret results from traditional CLPMs causally. In this substantive-methodological synergy, we aimed at contrasting traditional and more recently developed methods to investigate reciprocal effects of students’ academic self-concept and achievement. Specifically, we compared results from CLPMs, from full forward CLPMs (FF-CLPMs), and from random intercept CLPMs (RI-CLPMs) with two weighting approaches developed to study causal effects of continuous treatment variables. To estimate these different models, we used rich longitudinal data of N = 3,757 students from lower secondary schools in Germany. Results from CLPMs, FF-CLPMs, and weighting methods support the reciprocal effects model, particularly when considering math self-concept and grades. In contrast, results from the RI-CLPMs were less consistent. Implications from our study for the interpretation of effects from the different models and methods as well as for school motivation theory are discussed.

Rio 2016 Olympic Games: Brand and the reciprocal effects of touristic destinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 135676672110632
Author(s):  
Luciana Brandão Ferreira ◽  
Janaina de Moura Engracia Giraldi ◽  
Glauber Eduardo de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Destination Brand ◽  
Mega Event

This study analyzes the effect of Brazil's national tourism brand on the image of Rio de Janeiro as the host city of the 2016 Olympic Games, and the reciprocal effect of Rio de Janeiro on Brazil, considering both as tourist destinations. A quantitative study was employed using structured questionnaires, with a sample of foreign respondents ( n = 340) and a simultaneous equation method. A positive reciprocal effect was found. In general, the perception of a country as a tourist destination influences destinations within that country. However, the Brazil destination brand image did not influence Rio. This situation was proved to be an exception to the rule, the sports mega-event context probably contributing to the result.

Estimates of combining ability, reciprocal effects and heterosis for yield and yield components in a common bean diallel cross

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Foolad ◽  
A. Bassiri
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYA diallel crossing system involving two Pinto and two Kidney common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was evaluated in the field. Pin toes were significantly different from the Kidneys in seed yield and numbers of pods and seeds per plant and 100·seed weight. All the traits showed statistical significance among crosses and in comparisons involving parental v. cross means. Heterosis values were large and significant for yield, numbers of pods and seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod and number of days from planting to flowering. The ratio of general to specific combining ability mean squares was low for yield, numbers of pods and seeds per plant and high for 100·seed weight and number of days to flowering. Significant reciprocal effects were found for seed yield and number of seeds per plant, but this effect was completely absent for 100·seed weight.

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