Growth and phenology of 1-year-old maritime pine (Pinuspinaster) seedlings under continuous light: implications for early selection

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1325-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Martin Lascoux ◽  
Antoine Kremer ◽  
Ingegerd Dormling
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Light ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Progeny Tests

Experiments were conducted in the Stockholm Phytotron to test continuous light as a method to hasten the development of seedlings. Two sets of maritime pine (Pinuspinaster Ait.) families were grown under growth-accelerating conditions in a controlled environment. The first set comprised 18 open-pollinated families that were exposed to continuous light and 16-h photoperiod during the first growth period. The second set comprised nine half-sib families that were exposed to two continuous light treatments differing in their temperature regimes. In both cases seedlings were exposed to a 16-h photoperiod during the second growth period. All families were chosen according to their breeding values for height growth and polycyclism estimated in the oldest progeny tests of the maritime pine program. In both experiments, traits were found that correctly ranked the families for either growth or polycyclism during the second growth period. During the first growth period, better results were obtained under the most growth accelerating treatments. Yet, in the second experiment, consistency between phytotron and field rankings was already achieved for both treatments in the first growth period. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the seedling development over the first years and that future retrospective tests should be conducted in a similar way in order to end controversies.

Effects of the parental environment on full-sib families of Pinussylvestris

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingegerd Dormling ◽  
Øystein Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Identical Pair ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Sib Families

Identical pair crosses, including reciprocals, in Pinussylvestris L. (Scots pine) were made on ramets of the same clones in three clonal archives (seed orchards) in Sweden: Sävar (64°N), Röskär (59.5°N), and Degeberga (56°N). The offspring were used to test the hypothesis that the parental environment could affect the performance of the progeny (aftereffects). Growth and freezing tests were performed in the controlled conditions of the Stockholm Phytotron. Parental environment affected seed weight: the heaviest seeds came from Röskär and the lightest seeds, from Degeberga. Height development was affected in the two growth periods tested: seeds from Sävar produced the shortest plants and seeds from Röskär, the tallest plants. There was an effect on the autumn frost hardiness in the first growth period that disappeared after the second growth period. The most hardy progenies came from Sävar. The aftereffects of the parental environment were less than the maternal effects on seed weight and also less than the effects of full-sib families on growth and autumn frost hardiness. Small but mostly significant reciprocal effects were found for height and height increment during the second growth period. There was a significant reciprocal effect for seed weight. Seed weight differences could explain only a small part of the effects on growth and none of the effects on hardiness.

PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT AND PHENOTYPE IN A SUBARCTIC POPULATION OF PIERIS OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Direct Development ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Photoperiodic Control ◽  
Temperature Regimes

AbstractPieris occidentalis nelsoni W. H. Edwards from Fairbanks, Alaska, was reared under a variety of photoperiod–temperature regimes. The source population is presumably univoltine and monophenic, with a phenotype resembling the vernal one produced by multivoltine, diphenic P. o. occidentalis Reakirt in Colorado and California. Photoperiods of 10 or 15 h produced 100% diapause pupae at 15 °C and circa 65% at 25 °C. Under continuous light 22% diapaused at 15 °C and < 1% at 25 °C. About 20% of non-diapause pupae produced adults resembling the estival phenotype of P. o. occidentalis, which is unknown in wild P. o. nelsoni. Although nelsoni is more likely to diapause than the nominate subspecies from the Sierra Nevada, its potential for direct development and polyphenism is interpreted as evidence that it is derived from a multivoltine ancestor.

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: II. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE IN CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CABINETS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stanfield ◽  
D. P. Ormrod ◽  
H. F. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Effects of day/night temperature regimes from 7/4 to 32/24 °C on growth and development of Pisum sativum L. var. Dark Skin Perfection were studied in controlled-environment cabinets. Light intensity was about 1500 foot-candles and the photoperiod was 16 hours. Rate of plant development, in terms of nodes produced per day, increased steadily as the average temperature increased. Rate of stem elongation, however, was most rapid at 21/13 °C; and plant height was greatest at 16/10 °C. On a dry matter accumulation rate basis, vine growth decreased above and below a temperature optimum which shifted from 21/16 to 16/10 °C in the course of plant development. The combination of high day and high night temperatures caused an increase in the number of nodes to the first flower. Tillering was most prolific at the lower temperatures and was absent at 32 °C day temperatures. Pea yield decreased as temperature increased above 16/10 °C, due mainly to a reduction in the number of pods per plant.

INTERACTION OF TEMPERATURE AND CO2 ENRICHMENT ON SOYBEAN: GROWTH AND DRY MATTER PARTITIONING

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
NASSER SIONIT ◽  
B. R. STRAIN ◽  
E. P. FLINT
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Projected increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration will affect growth and productivity of many plant species under various environmental conditions. Since these increases in CO2 may also increase mean annual temperatures, it is important to determine how the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) will respond to changes in temperature regimes associated with atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Morphology and growth responses of the Ransom cultivar, which is adapted to a southern U.S.A. climate, to day/night temperature regimes of 18/12, 22/16, and 26/20 °C and atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 350, 675 and 1000 μL L−1 were studied in controlled environment chambers. Plant responses were determined at 20, 40, 67 and 115 (late senescence to maturity) days after planting. Plant height and number of branches increased slightly with CO2 enrichment and more significantly with increasing temperature. Root to shoot ratio remained unchanged at different CO2 concentrations but decreased as temperature increased. Leaf weight ratio and specific leaf weight decreased with increasing temperature. Low temperature reduced dry weight of all plant parts, but the reduction was ameliorated by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The results show that increasing the atmospheric CO2 level causes soybean to grow more vigorously at low temperatures. Although controlled environment experiments have their drawbacks in regard to natural field conditions, the present data indicate that soybean will have enhanced growth even at moderately cool temperatures in the future global CO2 concentrations.Key words: Soybean growth, low temperature, CO2 × temperature interaction, environmental control

Contrasting Responses of Morphologically Similar Wheat Cultivars to Temperatures Appropriate to Warm Temperature Climates With Hot Summers: a Study in Controlled Environment

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Bagga ◽  
HM Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phase Temperature ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Plant Basis

This study attempted to determine if and why there are differences among three cultivars of wheat in their responses to temperature. The three semidwarf cultivars examined, Kalyansona, Condor and Janak, are currently used commercially. Temperature regimes chosen matched the range to which plants in warm temperate climates with hot summers would be exposed at different stages of development. Plants were grown in a phytotron in sunlit cabinets. Responses to temperature were different among the cultivars. Kalyansona was relatively un- responsive to temperatures during the floret phase, being little affected in the sizes of upper leaves, in floret production and grain set, in overall plant growth or in grain yield. The sole character to respond to temperature in this cultivar was kernel weight, which declined with increasing grain phase temperature. In contrast, Condor demonstrated marked plasticity during the floret phase in all plant characters measured. Its plasticity was such that, at the lower temperatures, it outyielded Kalyansona by a substantial margin while at the higher temperatures its yield was relatively poor. On a plant basis, Janak performed similarly to Condor. Rates of photosynthesis were relatively unaffected by temperature in any cultivar. This wide range of response among three superficially similar cultivars has promising implications for the tailoring of cultivars for different temperature zones. The importance of different plant characters to temperature stability is considered in the discussion.

Inter- and intra-varietal variation in aerobic methane emissions from environmentally stressed pea plants

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 837-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awatif M. Abdulmajeed ◽  
Mohammad I. Abo Gamar ◽  
Mirwais M. Qaderi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Factors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Varietal Variation ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Two Temperature

Environmental stress factors can influence methane (CH4) emissions from plants. There are a few studies on the interactive effects of stress factors on plant aerobic CH4, but none on the comparative evaluation of CH4 emissions between and among plant varieties. We examined the effects of temperature, UVB radiation, and watering regime on CH4 emissions from 10 pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties first and then selected two varieties with the highest (237J Sundance; var. 1) and lowest (422 Ho Lan Dow; var. 2) emissions for further studies. Plants were grown in controlled-environment growth chambers under two temperature regimes (22 °C / 18 °C and 28 °C / 24 °C, 16 h light / 8 h dark), two UVB levels (0 and 5 kJ·m−2·d−1), and two watering regimes (well-watered and water-stressed) for 14 days, after one week of growth under 22 °C / 18 °C. Higher temperatures and water stress increased CH4 emissions, and increased emission was associated with stress. Pea varieties varied in growth and CH4 emissions; var. 1 was more stressed and had higher emission than var. 2. In the stressed variety, the water-stressed plants grown under higher temperatures at UVB5 had the highest CH4 emission, whereas the well-watered plants grown under lower temperatures at UVB5 had the lowest emission. We conclude that climatic stress conditions increase CH4 emissions, which vary with plant varieties.

Performance of plus tree progenies of Pinuscontorta originating north of latitude 55° N in a Swedish trial at 64° N

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fries ◽  
Dag Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Progeny Trial ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Sib Families

This paper deals with the results from a half-sib progeny trial of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia Engelm.) in Sweden at 64° N. The progenies originate from 69 open-pollinated plus trees selected from 13 areas in British Columbia and the Yukon. The trial was planted on previous agricultural land. At age 10 years, condition and height growth differed significantly between areas of origin and between half-sib families. Northern material was healthier and more vigorous and height growth did not vary clinally with latitude. Stepwise regression analysis with height growth showed that altitude of origin gave a maximum at 650 m and, above 800 m, there was a clear decrease in height growth with increasing altitude of origin. Frequency of extra whorls differed between half-sib families only and was positively correlated with height growth and negatively correlated with forking. Genetic gain by selecting the top 15 parent trees based on 10-year-old progeny trials was estimated to be 10% for volume.

Evaluation of age-independent methods of estimating site index and predicting height growth: a case study for maritime pine in Asturias (NW Spain)

2014 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Arias-Rodil ◽  
Felipe Crecente-Campo ◽  
Marcos Barrio-Anta ◽  
Ulises Diéguez-Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Age Independent
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