Effect of ozone and aluminum on pitch pine (Pinusrigida) seedlings: growth and nutrient relations

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1714-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier ◽  
Carolyn J. McQuattie ◽  
Keith F. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Nutrient Relations

Newly germimated pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings inoculated with a mycorrhizal fungus (Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) were grown for 13 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 4.0) containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/L of aluminum (Al) in growth chambers fumigated with 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb ozone. Increasing the concentration of ozone or Al caused increasing reductions in needle length, seedling height, and biomass of needles, stems, and roots. Significant ozone × Al interactions indicated that ozone and Al were interacting synergistically in reducing growth. Effect of treatments on the root/shoot ratio demonstrated that shoot growth was more sensitive to Al than root growth, whereas root growth was more sensitive to ozone. The concentration of most mineral elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn) in needles was reduced by ozone or Al. Iron was the only element that increased with increasing concentrations of ozone or Al.

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Transplanted Orchid Seedlings Enhanced by DCPTA

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1284-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Keithly ◽  
Daniel P. Jones ◽  
Henry Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Survival And Growth

The growth-enhancing property of DCPTA was tested on transplanted seedlings of Brassolaeliocattleya × Hort. (Blc. Bryce Canyon × Lc. Pirate King), Dendrobium × Blume. Hickham Deb, Epidendrum radicans Pav. ex Lindl., Lueliocattleya × Rolfe Prism Palette `The Clown', and Phalaenopsis × Blume. [Pink Zebra × (Jutta Brungor × Music)]. After 3 to 6 months of greenhouse growth, plants treated with 30 μm DCPTA produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in root growth compared to the controls. Shoot growth, root: shoot ratio, and the survival of DCPTA-treated plants were increased significantly when compared with controls. Chemical name used: 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine (DCPTA).

Root and shoot growth by seedlings of annual and perennial medic, and annual and perennial wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Ward ◽  
J. A. Palta ◽  
H. A. Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Perennial Wheat

Perennial plants such as lucerne are now widely acknowledged as one means of controlling the expansion of dryland salinity in southern Australia. However, their inclusion in farming systems is limited by poor seedling vigour, thought to be associated with greater allocation of biomass to perennating organs in roots, and poor adaptation to some soils and climatic conditions in south-western Australia. For this reason, interest in other perennial options such as perennial wheat is increasing. In this research we compared early (29-day) seedling growth and root : shoot ratios for annual and perennial medics (Medicago truncatula and M. sativa), and for annual and perennial wheat (Triticum aestivum and Triticum × Agropyron cross). For the medics, the annual reached the 6-leaf stage after 29 days and produced more root and shoot biomass than lucerne (4-leaf stage after 29 days), but there was no difference in root : shoot ratio or depth of root growth. For wheat, there were no differences in root growth, shoot growth, or root : shoot ratio between the annual and perennial lines (Zadoks growth stages 23 and 21, respectively, after 29 days). The poor competitive performance of M. sativa seedlings relative to M. truncatula was not due to changed allocation of biomass to shoots, but was related more to seed size (2.7 and 5.0 mg, respectively). This does not seem to occur to the same extent in perennial wheat lines, suggesting that their seedling performance may be more competitive.

Effects of Single-seed Sowing on Root Growth, Root-shoot Ratio, and Yield inPeanut (Arachis hypogacaL.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye FENG ◽  
Feng GUO ◽  
Bao-Long LI ◽  
Jing-Jing MENG ◽  
Xin-Guo LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Seed Sowing

Effect of ozone and aluminum on pitch pine (Pinusrigida) seedlings: needle ultrastructure

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. McQuattie ◽  
George A. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Starch Formation ◽  
Cell Collapse

Newly germinated pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings inoculated with a mycorrhizal fungus (Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) were grown for 13 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 4.0) containing 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/L aluminum in growth chambers fumigated with 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb ozone. Cytological changes in needles of seedlings stressed by ozone and aluminum, singly and in combination, were determined by light and electron microscopy. The most pronounced changes in needles exposed to ozone occurred in the outer mesophyll, whereas major changes in the presence of aluminum occurred in the stele and inner mesophyll. At lower levels of either ozone or aluminum, the cytoplasm became more densely stained. Accumulation of dense materials appeared at intermediate treatment concentrations, and at high concentration localized cell collapse and deterioration became evident. Ozone or aluminum caused similar changes in the chloroplasts, for example, increase in number of plastoglobuli, accumulation of starch, formation of electron-dense stroma, and swelling or disruption of thylakoid membrane system. Ozone and aluminum in combination generally caused histological and cytological damage in needles to occur at lower concentrations than either aluminum or ozone alone.

Response of ectomycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal pitch pine (Pinusrigida) seedlings to nutrient supply and aluminum: growth and mineral nutrition

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2145-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier ◽  
Carolyn J. McQuattie
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Mycorrhizal colonization and nutrient supply may have important effects on aluminum toxicity in trees grown on acidic, nutrient-poor soils. The interacting effects of mycorrhizal inoculation, nutrient level, and Al treatment on growth and mineral nutrition of pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings grown with and without the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch were determined. The seedlings were grown for 66 days in sand irrigated with 0.1- or 0.2-strength nutrient solution (pH 3.8) containing 0, 10, or 20 mg/L Al (0, 0.37, or 0.74 mM). Across nutrient and Al levels total dry weight of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) seedlings was 75% greater than that of nonmycorrhizal (NM) seedlings. Doubling the nutrient level increased the dry weight of NM seedlings by 120%, versus 60% for ECM seedlings. Aluminum reduced root and shoot growth in NM seedlings, but had no effect on shoot growth and only a marginally significant effect on root growth of ECM seedlings. Shoot growth of NM seedlings was more sensitive to Al than root growth. Increased growth of NM seedlings by doubling the nutrient level was least at the highest Al level. Symptoms of Al toxicity in roots (dark, stunted tips) occurred at a lower Al level in NM than ECM seedlings. A strong relationship was not found between Al toxicity and concentrations of Mg and Ca in roots and needles. Enhancement of growth resulting from increased uptake of nutrients due to mycorrhizal inoculation (and) or an increased level of nutrients was the overriding factor affecting the response of pitch pine seedlings to Al.

Silicon nutrition promotes root growth and tissue mechanical strength insymbiotic cowpea

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix D. Dakora ◽  
Aziwe Nelwamondo
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Hormonal Signal ◽  
Silicon Nutrition ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Application of metasilicic acid (0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.20, 0.40 or 0.80 g L–1) to hydroponically-grown, Bradyrhizobium-infected cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] plants showed an increased assimilation of silicon into roots and shoots, which triggered a significant (P<0.05) promotion of root growth, but not shoot growth. Root : shoot ratio therefore, increased markedly (P<0.05) with higher metasilicate application. Mechanical strength of stems and peduncles also increased significantly (P<0.05) with silicon nutrition compared with control plants receiving no metasilicate. But the mechanical strength of roots was not affected. Radioimmunoassay of lateral roots, free of nodules, from plants fed metasilicate revealed markedly (P<0.05) increased concentrations of endogenous ABA, a hormonal signal that stimulates root growth. In contrast, a decreasing concentration of the cytokinin zeatin ribose was obtained with increasing metasilicate supply. These data show that silicon nutrition in symbiotic cowpea promotes an increase in mechanical strength of stems, which bear the entire weight of shoots, and peduncles, which, in turn, support weighty reproductive structures including developing pods and seeds. The increased concentration of ABA in roots as a result of improved silicon nutrition suggests that this element might be an elicitor of ABA biosynthesis and / or its accumulation, which then affected lateral root growth in this study.

Effect of ozone and aluminum on pitch pine (Pinusrigida) seedlings: anatomy of mycorrhizae

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1901-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. McQuattie ◽  
George A. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Root Meristem ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Cellular Alterations

Newly germinated pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings inoculated with a mycorrhizal fungus (Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) were grown for 13 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 4.0) containing 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/L aluminum (Al) in growth chambers fumigated with 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb ozone. Anatomical changes in roots stressed by ozone and Al, singly and in combination, were determined by light and electron microscopy. All ozone concentrations reduced the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization. In contrast, Al increased the percentage of colonization at low concentration, reducing it only at the highest level. Aluminum caused more overall deterioration of root cortex than ozone, though both treatments adversely affected the mycorrhizal fungus. Increased vacuolation in the root meristem was caused by both ozone and Al. Additional effects of ozone on cells in the meristem were the swelling of the nuclear membrane and invaginations in the plasmalemma. Intracellular fungal hyphae were observed at the highest level of ozone and (or) Al. The combined effect of ozone and Al on the anatomy of mycorrhizae was greater (possibly synergistic) than the effect of each pollutant alone. Similar cellular alterations have also been observed in forests damaged by pollution.

Germination and early growth of four pine species on soil treated with simulated acid rain

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1190-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Simulated Rain

The effect of simulated rain solutions of pH 5.6, 4.0, or 3.0 [Formula: see text] on seed germination and early seedling growth of pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.), shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.), loblolly pine (P. taeda L.), and eastern white pine (P. strobus L.) was observed in a growth chamber on unsterilized soil from the New Jersey Pine Barrens that had been treated for 1 year with the acid rain solutions. Damping-off caused the death of all seedlings in the pH 3.0 treatments. Autoclaving the soil controlled damping-off. However, chemical changes in the soil increased the solubilities of mineral elements, and at pH 3.0 Al toxicity inhibited root growth of pitch pine and shortleaf pine. In spite of suppressed root growth, seedling top growth was significantly greater at pH 3.0 than at less acid treatments possibly owing to greater inputs of N and increased availability of mineral nutrients.

Effect of irrigation methods on root growth, root-shoot ratio and yield components of cotton by regulating the growth redundancy of root and shoot

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 106120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangtao Wang ◽  
Gangfeng Du ◽  
Jingshan Tian ◽  
Yali Zhang ◽  
Chuangdao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

scholarly journals The Role of Different Daily Irradiations on Shoot Growth and Root/Shoot Ratio in Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PHILIPPOT ◽  
J. M. ALLIRAND ◽  
M. CHARTIER ◽  
G. GOSSE
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Medicago Sativa L
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