Germination and early growth of four pine species on soil treated with simulated acid rain

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1190-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Simulated Rain

The effect of simulated rain solutions of pH 5.6, 4.0, or 3.0 [Formula: see text] on seed germination and early seedling growth of pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.), shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.), loblolly pine (P. taeda L.), and eastern white pine (P. strobus L.) was observed in a growth chamber on unsterilized soil from the New Jersey Pine Barrens that had been treated for 1 year with the acid rain solutions. Damping-off caused the death of all seedlings in the pH 3.0 treatments. Autoclaving the soil controlled damping-off. However, chemical changes in the soil increased the solubilities of mineral elements, and at pH 3.0 Al toxicity inhibited root growth of pitch pine and shortleaf pine. In spite of suppressed root growth, seedling top growth was significantly greater at pH 3.0 than at less acid treatments possibly owing to greater inputs of N and increased availability of mineral nutrients.

Effect of ozone and aluminum on pitch pine (Pinusrigida) seedlings: growth and nutrient relations

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1714-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier ◽  
Carolyn J. McQuattie ◽  
Keith F. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Nutrient Relations

Newly germimated pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings inoculated with a mycorrhizal fungus (Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) were grown for 13 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 4.0) containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/L of aluminum (Al) in growth chambers fumigated with 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb ozone. Increasing the concentration of ozone or Al caused increasing reductions in needle length, seedling height, and biomass of needles, stems, and roots. Significant ozone × Al interactions indicated that ozone and Al were interacting synergistically in reducing growth. Effect of treatments on the root/shoot ratio demonstrated that shoot growth was more sensitive to Al than root growth, whereas root growth was more sensitive to ozone. The concentration of most mineral elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn) in needles was reduced by ozone or Al. Iron was the only element that increased with increasing concentrations of ozone or Al.

Damping-off disease of pine seedlings on soils treated with simulated acidic rain

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier ◽  
Roy L. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Acidic Rain ◽  
Solution Acidity

Damping-off during seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinusrigida Mill., Pinusechinata Mill., Pinustaeda L., and Pinusstrobus L. were observed for 28 days on three New Jersey (U.S.A.) Pine Barrens soils (Atsion, Downer, Lakewood) treated with simulated acidic rain solutions of pH 4.2, 3.5, or 3.0 (SO42−:Cl−:NO3−, 2.2:1.4:1.0). The soils were sandy, highly acidic, and deficient in mineral nutrients. Treatment with rain solution was started 53 days before planting the pine seeds and continued during germination. Seedling emergence and seedling mortality were affected significantly by solution pH, soils, and species. Seedling emergence of all pine species on Atsion and Lakewood soils decreased with increasing solution acidity. On Downer soil seedling emergence was unaffected by solution acidity probably because the buffering action of the soil decreased the acidity of the rain solution. Seedling mortality of all species increased with increasing treatment acidity on all soils and was significantly higher on Atsion (100% at pH 3.0) than on the other soils. Although solution acidity significantly increased the concentration of Al in the soil solution, there was no evidence of Al toxicity. Two isolated fungal species, a Trichoderma and a Penicillium, significantly reduced seedling emergence and increased seedling mortality of P. rigida in sterile, acid-washed quartz sand; however, neither seedling emergence nor seedling mortality was affected significantly by solution acidity.

scholarly journals Competition Effects on Growth and Crown Dimensions of Shortleaf and Loblolly Pine in Mature, Natural-Origin, Pine–Hardwood Mixtures of the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain of Arkansas, USA: A Neighborhood Analysis

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bataineh ◽  
Ethan Childs
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Dimensions

The need for a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of competition has never been more important as plants adapt to a changing environment and as forest management evolves to focus on maintaining and enhancing complexity. With the recent decline in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) land area, it is critical to determine the effects of competition on shortleaf pine and its performance against loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), the preferred planted replacement. We evaluate differences in shortleaf and loblolly pine 10 year mean basal area increment (BAI) and crown dimensions across a gradient of neighborhoods. Linear mixed-effects regression models were developed using BAI and several crown metrics as responses and crowding, competitor species abundance and identity, and initial size and species identity of focal tree as predictors. Crowding of focal trees negatively impacted BAI and crown size (p < 0.001, respectively). Although loblolly pine had three times higher BAI as compared to shortleaf pine within similar neighborhoods, BAI was variable, and the crowding effect did not differ between shortleaf and loblolly pine (p ranged from 0.51–0.99). Competitive impacts on focal trees did not differ by competitor identity (p ranged from 0.07–0.70). Distance-independent competition indices better explained the variation in BAI and horizontal crown metrics, while distance-dependent size ratios were more effective at evaluating vertical crown metrics. These findings highlight shortleaf pine competitive potential in mature, natural-origin stands and provide support for the restoration of pine–hardwood and hardwood–pine stratified mixtures as well as management of shortleaf pine at long rotations.

Seedling growth and nutrient relationships in a New Jersey Pine Barrens soil treated with "acid rain"

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Nutrient Contents

The effects of simulated acid rain solutions on growth of pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings in undisturbed soil cores from the New Jersey Pine Barrens were examined. Solutions of pH 5.6, 4.0, and 3.0 (SO42−–Cl−–NO3−, 4:2:1), totaling 1.4 times annual ambient precipitation, were applied directly to soil cores from the A horizon during a 1-year period. By varying photoperiod and diurnal temperature, two growing "seasons" with an intervening dormant period were simulated. Soil chemistry, soil leachate chemistry, seedling nutrition, and seedling growth were monitored. Seedling dry weight was significantly greater at pH 3.0 than at the less acid treatments. Foliar nutrient contents indicated that growth stimulation at pH 3.0 probably resulted because of increased availability of nitrogen and input of nutrient cations from acid-induced weathering of soil minerals. There were sharp increases in Ca and Mg leaching when the pH of the irrigating solution was lowered, but solution acidity had little effect on depletion of K. Declines in nutrient leaching during the experiment indicated that weatherable cations were becoming depleted. Although Al mobility was greatly accelerated by an increase in acid inputs, Al toxicity symptoms were not observed.

Seed spacing and seedling biomass: Effect on root growth potential of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

New Forests ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. South ◽  
Harry S. Larsen ◽  
James N. Boyer ◽  
Hans M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Seed Spacing

scholarly journals AN ARBOREAL ORCHELIMUM

1904 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Wm. T. Davis
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Pine Trees

Those who visit the pine-barrens of New Jersey know what a pleasure it is to ramble along the narrow wooded-ppaths among the pine trees ; old paths that after once being made continue for many years, and may seldom entertain a pedestrian. Along these paths and by the side of the sandy roads, any time during late summer arrd until frost, one may hear a faint, lisping little song from a grasshopper corning from the pines, often from their topmost branches. It is an easy matter to climb the pitch-pine, which is usually arranged admirably for the purpose, and the grasshopper is also friendly to investigation, and commonly continues to stridulate.

Frequent Prescribed Fire Sustains Old Field Loblolly Pine–Shortleaf Pine Woodland Communities: Results of a 53-Year Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M Robertson ◽  
Sharon M Hermann ◽  
Eric L Staller
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Pine Savannas

Abstract Frequently burned old field shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)–loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) woodlands in the southeastern US provide important wildlife habitat and multiple ecosystem services. Because these communities differ in composition of dominant plant species and have different land use legacies than native pine savannas, the ability to prevent encroachment by off-site broadleaf woody tree species using fire alone is in question. We use a long-term fire experiment to demonstrate that old field pine communities have been prevented from transitioning to hardwood forests for over 50 years through judicious application of prescribed fire applied at 1–2 year intervals, whereas communities with three-year fire intervals show signs of transitioning to hardwood forest. We emphasize tailoring fire regimes to particular contexts of land use history to achieve the most historic and sustainable ecosystem structure and function possible for conservation of native flora and fauna. Study Implications: Demonstrating the ability to maintain natural forest structure of old field loblolly pine–shortleaf pine communities in the southeastern US using frequent prescribed fire has implications for the future sustainability of hundreds of thousands of hectares of such land used to provide critical habitat for many species of imperiled and culturally valued wildlife. It also provides insight into restoration of longleaf pine communities on postagricultural land as promoted by multiple highly funded government initiatives. Frequently burned pine savannas and woodlands are resilient to wildfire and sustain natural hydrological cycles, both important for mitigating the effects of global climate change.

Growth Responses of 53 Open‐Pollinated Loblolly Pine Families to Ozone and Acid Rain

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. McLaughlin ◽  
P. A. Layton ◽  
M. B. Adams ◽  
N. T. Edwards ◽  
P. J. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Responses

Hybridization in Naturally Regenerated Shortleaf Pine as Affected by the Distance to Nearby Artificially Regenerated Stands of Loblolly Pine

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Stewart ◽  
Charles G. Tauer ◽  
James M. Guldin ◽  
C. Dana Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Shortleaf Pine
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document