Root and shoot growth by seedlings of annual and perennial medic, and annual and perennial wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Ward ◽  
J. A. Palta ◽  
H. A. Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Perennial Wheat

Perennial plants such as lucerne are now widely acknowledged as one means of controlling the expansion of dryland salinity in southern Australia. However, their inclusion in farming systems is limited by poor seedling vigour, thought to be associated with greater allocation of biomass to perennating organs in roots, and poor adaptation to some soils and climatic conditions in south-western Australia. For this reason, interest in other perennial options such as perennial wheat is increasing. In this research we compared early (29-day) seedling growth and root : shoot ratios for annual and perennial medics (Medicago truncatula and M. sativa), and for annual and perennial wheat (Triticum aestivum and Triticum × Agropyron cross). For the medics, the annual reached the 6-leaf stage after 29 days and produced more root and shoot biomass than lucerne (4-leaf stage after 29 days), but there was no difference in root : shoot ratio or depth of root growth. For wheat, there were no differences in root growth, shoot growth, or root : shoot ratio between the annual and perennial lines (Zadoks growth stages 23 and 21, respectively, after 29 days). The poor competitive performance of M. sativa seedlings relative to M. truncatula was not due to changed allocation of biomass to shoots, but was related more to seed size (2.7 and 5.0 mg, respectively). This does not seem to occur to the same extent in perennial wheat lines, suggesting that their seedling performance may be more competitive.

Effect of ozone and aluminum on pitch pine (Pinusrigida) seedlings: growth and nutrient relations

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1714-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier ◽  
Carolyn J. McQuattie ◽  
Keith F. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Nutrient Relations

Newly germimated pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings inoculated with a mycorrhizal fungus (Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) were grown for 13 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 4.0) containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/L of aluminum (Al) in growth chambers fumigated with 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb ozone. Increasing the concentration of ozone or Al caused increasing reductions in needle length, seedling height, and biomass of needles, stems, and roots. Significant ozone × Al interactions indicated that ozone and Al were interacting synergistically in reducing growth. Effect of treatments on the root/shoot ratio demonstrated that shoot growth was more sensitive to Al than root growth, whereas root growth was more sensitive to ozone. The concentration of most mineral elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn) in needles was reduced by ozone or Al. Iron was the only element that increased with increasing concentrations of ozone or Al.

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Transplanted Orchid Seedlings Enhanced by DCPTA

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1284-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Keithly ◽  
Daniel P. Jones ◽  
Henry Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Survival And Growth

The growth-enhancing property of DCPTA was tested on transplanted seedlings of Brassolaeliocattleya × Hort. (Blc. Bryce Canyon × Lc. Pirate King), Dendrobium × Blume. Hickham Deb, Epidendrum radicans Pav. ex Lindl., Lueliocattleya × Rolfe Prism Palette `The Clown', and Phalaenopsis × Blume. [Pink Zebra × (Jutta Brungor × Music)]. After 3 to 6 months of greenhouse growth, plants treated with 30 μm DCPTA produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in root growth compared to the controls. Shoot growth, root: shoot ratio, and the survival of DCPTA-treated plants were increased significantly when compared with controls. Chemical name used: 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine (DCPTA).

Effects of Single-seed Sowing on Root Growth, Root-shoot Ratio, and Yield inPeanut (Arachis hypogacaL.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye FENG ◽  
Feng GUO ◽  
Bao-Long LI ◽  
Jing-Jing MENG ◽  
Xin-Guo LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Seed Sowing

Warming effects on biomass allocation are jointly regulated by precipitation and mycorrhizal association in terrestrial plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
Lingyan Zhou ◽  
Yanghui He ◽  
Yuling Fu ◽  
Zhenggang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association

Abstract Biomass allocation in plants is fundamental for understanding and predicting terrestrial carbon storage. Recent studies suggest that climate warming can differentially affect root and shoot biomass, and subsequently alter root: shoot ratio. However, warming effects on root: shoot ratio and their underlying drivers at a global scale remain unclear. Using a global synthesis of >300 studies, we here show that warming significantly increases biomass allocation to roots (by 13.1%), and two factors drive this response: mean annual precipitation of the site, and the type of mycorrhizal fungi associated with a plant. Warming-induced allocation to roots is greater in relatively drier habitats compared to shoots (by 15.1%), but lower in wetter sites (by 4.9%), especially for plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Root-biomass responses to warming predominantly determine the biomass allocation in terrestrial plants suggesting that warming can reinforce the importance of belowground resource uptake. Our study highlights that the wetness or dryness of a site and plants’ mycorrhizal associations strongly regulate terrestrial carbon cycle by altering biomass allocation strategies in a warmer world.

scholarly journals Root-shoot ratio of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by different levels of water deficit under two different climatic conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2ndInt.Conf.AGR (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Mardin Othman Othman ◽  
◽  
Aram Abbas Mohammed Mohammed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Study in the Responses of-Some Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cultivars Under Water Stress Condition

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EDI PURWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Glycine Max L

These sets of experiments were conducted at Faculty of Agriculture Sebelas Maret University and the Central Experiment Station of Agricultural Faculty, Sebelas Maret University at Jumantono, Karanganyar, Central Java. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse, laboratory and field condition for each year, while the duration of this research was for two years. The specific objectives of the experiments were: (i) to determine the changes of some morpho-physiological characteristics of water stress soybean and those of unstressed plants at different growth stages; (ii) to evaluate relationship between morpho-physiological traits associated with water stress resistance and yield of soybean. In this study consists some experiments, there are: (i) about response of some soybean cultivars to water stress in screen house and field condition; (ii) about germination response of some soybean cultivars in different concentration 0f PEG; (iii) a bout recovery survival and recovery of soybean seedlings after heat treatment. The plants were well watered before thetreatment. Based on the result of the experiments, the following conclusion could be made: (i) water stress reduced growth, yield and yield components 0 f a II soybean c ultivars used; (li) PEG induced water stress resulted in lower germination, shorter root and shoot length, and increase root-shoot ratio; (iii) the ability of plants to recovery after heat stress have low correlation with drought resistance in this experiment; (iv) the determination of root-shoot ratio in the seedling stage was shown to be suitable screening techniques used to study water stress resistance.© 200'3Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: soybean (Glycine max L.), cultivars, water stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Regime and Growth Stage Interaction on Pattern of Virus Presence in TSWV-Resistant Accessions of Capsicum chinense

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1199-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Soler ◽  
M. José Díez ◽  
Fernando Nuez
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Wilt Virus

We studied the resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in plant introduction accession (PI)-151225 and PI-159236 under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Two temperature regimes were utilized, corresponding to early and late cultivation cycles. Inoculations were made at 2- and 4-leaf stages to determine the effect of early infection. The existence of interaction between temperature regime and developmental stage was also studied. When plants of both PIs were maintained at 30/18°C (day/night), all plants at both growth stages when inoculated developed systemic infection. At 25/18°C, only those plants inoculated at 2-leaf stage became systematically infected; however, those inoculated at the 4-leaf stage behaved as resistant. Thus, there was an interaction between temperature regime and growth stage. There is potential for using this type of resistance in areas with mild climates, providing seedling infections are avoided.

scholarly journals Intra and inter-annual climatic conditions have stronger effect than grazing intensity on root growth of permanent grasslands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Picon-Cochard ◽  
Nathalie Vassal ◽  
Raphaël Martin ◽  
Damien Herfurth ◽  
Priscilla Note ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Ingrowth Cores ◽  
Growing Seasons

AbstractBackground and AimsUnderstanding how direct and indirect changes in climatic conditions, management, and species composition affect root production and root traits is of prime importance for grassland C sequestration service delivery.MethodsWe studied during two years the dynamics of root mass production with ingrowth-cores and annual above- and below-ground biomass (ANPP, BNPP) of upland fertile grasslands subjected for 10 years to a gradient of herbage utilization by grazing.ResultsWe observed strong seasonal root production across treatments in both a wet and a dry year but response to grazing intensity was hardly observed within growing seasons. In abandonment, spring and autumn peaks of root growth were delayed by about one month compared to cattle treatments, possibly due to later canopy green-up and lower soil temperature. BNPP was slightly lower in abandonment compared to cattle treatments only during the dry year, whereas this effect on ANPP was observed the wet year. In response to drought, the root-to-shoot biomass ratio declined in the abandonment but not in the cattle treatment, underlining higher resistance to drought of grazed grassland communities.ConclusionsRotational grazing pressure and climatic conditions variability had very limited effects on root growth seasonality although drought had stronger effects on BNPP than on ANPP.

scholarly journals Root architecture and rhizobial inoculation in relation to drought stress response in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaze A. Sofi ◽  
Iram Saba ◽  
Zakir Amin
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Rhizobial Inoculation ◽  
The Mean

The present study was aimed at assessing the root traits and rhizobial inoculation in relation to drought in common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Drought caused the largest decrease in shoot biomass followed by plant height, while an increase was recorded inroot/shoot ratio. Rhizobial inoculation caused largest increase in shoot biomass followed by root volume and root biomass and smallest increase in rooting depth. WB-216 and WB-185 had better rooting depth in all treatments. However, WB-83 (92.67) had highest rooting depth under irrigated conditions and SR-1 had highest rooting depth under irrigated conditions treated with rhizobium (108.50). Similarly, WB-216 had highest root/shoot ratio under drought (2.693) followed by WB-185 (1.285) while lowest value was recorded for Arka Anoop (0.373). In rhizobium treated drought condition, WB-216 recorded highest root/shoot ratio (5.540) followed by SFB-1 (1.967). Under irrigated conditions (both with and without rhizobium), WB-185 recorded highest root/shoot ratio while lowest was recorded for SR-1 (0.166). The mean squares due to root depth, root biomass and root volume were significant whereas the mean squares due to water and rhizobium were non-significant. Among interactions the genotype x water regime was significant for rooting depth (5 % level), genotype x rhizobia was significant for rooting depth and root volume (1 % level) and the interaction of genotype x water regime x rhizobium was significant for rooting depth, root biomass and root volume (1 % level). The results reinforce the need to further analyse the potential of other soil microbes in common bean rhizosphere in amelioration of the effects of water stress.

Mycorrhizal inoculum and performance of nonmycorrhizal Carex bigelowii and mycorrhizal Trientalis europaea

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Liisa Ruotsalainen ◽  
Sami Aikio
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Trientalis Europaea

We studied the competition between mycorrhiza-forming Trientalis europaea L. and nonmycorrhizal Carex bigelowii Torrey ex Schweinitz in a climate chamber experiment. The plants were grown either singly or together with a conspecific or heterospecific individual, with arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum present or absent. Inoculated T. euro paea formed abundant arbuscular mycorrhizal structures, but the mycorrhizae did not affect its biomass or the whole plant's relative growth rate (RGR). Carex bigelowii did not form mycorrhizae, but its shoot biomass and RGR were lower in the inoculated pots. The presence of a conspecific or heterospecific plant had no effect on the shoot biomasses or RGR of either plant species. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased the root/shoot ratio of C. bigelowii in all competition treatments. The presence of C. bigelowii decreased the root/shoot ratio of T. europaea in both mycorrhizal and nonmy corrhizal state. Mycorrhizal inoculum thus had a direct negative effect on the growth of a nonmycorrhizal plant. The result suggests that although mycorrhizae may not always directly affect the performance of the host plant, they may possibly increase the host plant performance in relation to nonmycorrhizal neighbours. Mycorrhizal inoculum and mycorrhizal symbiosis may increase asymmetry of interspecific competition, which may facilitate the coexistence of plant species in cases when a larger individual is more negatively affected.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza, competitive asymmetry, micropropagation.

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