The separation of Betulapopulifolia and Betulapendula and their status in Ontario

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1017-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Catling ◽  
K. W. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
The North ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Resin Glands

The North American Betulapopulifolia differs from the European Betulapendula in having a larger number of peltate resin glands on greyish twigs, leaves with long–caudate tips, and a dense pubescence on the adaxial surface of the pistillate scales. Furthermore, B. populifolia is a plant of acid, peaty, or sandy substrates, whereas B. pendula grows in acid to neutral or occasionally slightly alkaline substrates. The bark of B. pendula exfoliates in long thin strands, whereas in B. populifolia it exfoliates as small, very thin rectangular flakes or appears not to exfoliate at all. The basal parts of older trunks of B. pendula often develop vertical fissures, which never develop in B. populifolia. Analysis of variance suggests that the most useful quantitative characters for distinguishing the two species are scale width and the length/width ratio of the terminal one-quarter of the leaf. Several other quantitative characters are useful discriminators but are not entirely reliable by themselves. Discriminant analyses with and without qualitative characters separated a sample of North American B. populifolia from a sample of European B. pendula. The derived discriminant formula placed many members of a variable natural population from near Ottawa in an intermediate position, suggesting hybridization. The use of heavily weighted qualitative characters in the discriminant formula placed much of the hybrid population in the B. populifolia group, whereas the use of quantitative characters alone placed much of the hybrid population in the B. pendula group. As putative hybrids are being widely distributed by nurseries, the identification of the two species is likely to become increasingly problematic. Betulapendula is a widespread and naturally spreading escape from cultivation in southern Ontario, while B. populifolia is a native species confined in Ontario to the eastern portion of the province between the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers, with a possible outlier in Elgin County in southwestern Ontario.

scholarly journals Crayfish plague affects juvenile survival and adult behaviour of invasive signal crayfish

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rhidian Thomas ◽  
Chloe V. Robinson ◽  
Agata Mrugała ◽  
Amy R. Ellison ◽  
Emily Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Signal Crayfish ◽  
Aphanomyces Astaci ◽  
The North ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe spread of invasive, non-native species is a key threat to biodiversity. Parasites can play a significant role by influencing their invasive host's survival or behaviour, which can subsequently alter invasion dynamics. The North American signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is a known carrier of Aphanomyces astaci, an oomycete pathogen that is the causative agent of crayfish plague and fatal to European crayfish species, whereas North American species are considered to be largely resistant. There is some evidence, however, that North American species, can also succumb to crayfish plague, though how A. astaci affects such ‘reservoir hosts’ is rarely considered. Here, we tested the impact of A. astaci infection on signal crayfish, by assessing juvenile survival and adult behaviour following exposure to A. astaci zoospores. Juvenile signal crayfish suffered high mortality 4-weeks post-hatching, but not as older juveniles. Furthermore, adult signal crayfish with high-infection levels displayed altered behaviours, being less likely to leave the water, explore terrestrial areas and exhibit escape responses. Overall, we reveal that A. astaci infection affects signal crayfish to a much greater extent than previously considered, which may not only have direct consequences for invasions, but could substantially affect commercially harvested signal crayfish stocks worldwide.

scholarly journals Can cryptic female choice prevent invasive hybridization in external fertilizing fish?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler H. Lantiegne ◽  
Craig F. Purchase
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Cryptic Female Choice ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
The North

Polyandrous mating systems result in females mating with multiple males. This includes the potential for unintended matings and subsequent sperm competition with hybridizing species, especially in the presence of alternative reproductive tactics (sneaker males). Cryptic female choice allows females to bias paternity towards preferred males under sperm competition and may include conspecific sperm preference when under hybridization threat. The potential becomes particularly important in context of invasive species that can novelly hybridize with natives. We provide the first examination of conspecific sperm preference in a system of three species with potential to hybridize: North American native Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis), and invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta) from Europe. Using naturalized populations on the island of Newfoundland, we measured changes in sperm swimming performance, a known predictor of paternity, to determine the degree of upregulation to female cues related to conspecific sperm preference. Compared to water alone, female ovarian fluid in general had a pronounced effect and upregulated sperm motility (mean 53%) and swimming velocity (mean 30%). However, patterns in the degree of upregulation suggest there is no conspecific sperm preference in the North American populations. Furthermore, female cues from both native species tended to boost the sperm of invasive males more than their own. We conclude that cryptic female choice is too weak in this system to prevent invasive hybridization and is likely insufficient to promote or maintain reproductive isolation between the native species.

A new species of Boholina (Copepoda, Calanoida, Boholinidae) from Ganghwa Island in western Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Yong Moon ◽  
Ho Young Soh
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endopodal Segment ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Distal Spine ◽  
The Right ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Boholina, B. ganghwaensis sp. nov. is described, based on specimens collected from burrows of the manicure crab, Cleistostoma dilatatum, in the tidal flat of Ganghwa Island in western Korea. The new species is closely similar to B. purgata and B. parapurgata by having a pointed process on the posterior angles of the second and third pedigerous somites and a similar rostrum in the female, but can be distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: in females by the genital double-somite with small hook-like process on each gonoporal plate, the setation of the distal endopodal segment of mandible, the basis and first endopodal segment of the maxillule incompletely separated, the inner distal spine/outer terminal spine length ratio on P5; and in males by the distal spine present on the posterior surface of the basis of both P5 and the length/width ratio of the endopod of the right P5. This is the first Bololina species recorded from the north-west Pacific.

Psammophilous halacarid mites (Trombidiformes, Halacaridae) from the North Coast of São Paulo State, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2823 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALMIR R. PEPATO ◽  
CLÁUDIO G. TIAGO ◽  
CARLOS E. F. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The North ◽  
Plate Margin ◽  
Length Width ◽  
First Time

Five halacarid species are reported from the Brazilian coast for the first time. Scaptognathides delicatulus, formerly known only from its type locality in Kuwait; Scaptognathus gibbosus, known from Galapagos and Somalia; and Scaptognathus insularis known from northeastern Australia, have their distributions extended. Along with these new records, Halacaroides antoniazziae sp. nov. and Acarochelopodia caissara sp. nov. are described. Halacaroides antoniazziae sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the presence of three subgenital setae in males and none in females, 41–44 perigenital setae and two posterior external genital acetabula in males. Acarochelopodia caissara sp. nov. has a rounded anterior epimeral plate margin, the posterior epimeral plates are partially divided into two halves but anteriorly joined by a narrow band, the dorsal setae on tarsus I are grouped 1:2, and the anterior and posterior dorsal plates have a length: width ratio of 1.61–1.77 and 1.60–1.70, respectively.

scholarly journals North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 19-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Robert J. Rabaglia ◽  
Katherine E. O. Fairbanks ◽  
Jiri Hulcr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
The North ◽  
Successful Group ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles

Bark and ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae) are the most successful group of invasive wood borers worldwide, and the most invasive among them are species in the tribe Xyleborini. This haplodiploid, highly inbred, fungus-farming group is represented by 30 non-native species in North America, of which at least five are serious pests. The few identification resources for Xyleborini that exist are becoming outdated due to new species arrivals and nomenclatural changes. Here we present a new comprehensive key to Xyleborini currently known from the continental United States. Compared to the previous key, the following species have been added to the North American fauna:Ambrosiodmusminor(Stebbing),Ambrosiophilusnodulosus(Eggers),AnisandrusmaicheKurentsov,Coptoboruspseudotenuis(Schedl),Cyclorhipidionfukiense(Eggers),DryocoetoidesreticulatusAtkinson,Dryoxylononoharaense(Murayama),Euwallaceainterjectus(Blandford),Xyleborinusandrewesi(Blandford),Xyleborinusartestriatus(Eichhoff),Xyleborinusoctiesdentatus(Murayama),XyleborusbispinatusEichhoff,XyleborusseriatusBlandford,XyleborusspinulosusBlandford, andXylosandrusamputatus(Blandford).

Some effects of different Plantago species on feeding preference and egg laying in the flea beetle Dibolia borealis Chev. (Chrysomelidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne R. Hawthorn
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
The North

The differential feeding and egg-laying responses by overwintered adults of the North American chrysomelid beetle Dibolia borealis Chev. to native and introduced host plants of the genus Plantago were investigated. Adults exhibited a feeding preference for Plantago rugelii (native species) > Plantago major (introduced) > Plantago lanceolata (introduced). However, females fed P. rugelii and P. lanceolata laid fewer eggs than females fed P. major. In the field, D. borealis laid more eggs on P. major and more adults emerged from plants of this species than from P. rugelii. The ecological and evolutionary implications of feeding and egg laying on different food resources are discussed.

scholarly journals Scent-sniffing dogs can discriminate between native Eurasian and invasive North American beavers

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Rosell ◽  
Hannah B. Cross ◽  
Christin B. Johnsen ◽  
Janne Sundell ◽  
Andreas Zedrosser
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The North ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Eurasian Beaver ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
American Beaver

Abstract The invasion of a species can cause population reduction or extinction of a similar native species due to replacement competition. There is a potential risk that the native Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) may eventually be competitively excluded by the invasive North American beaver (C. canadensis) from areas where they overlap in Eurasia. Yet currently available methods of census and population estimates are costly and time-consuming. In a laboratory environment, we investigated the potential of using dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) as a conservation tool to determine whether the Eurasian or the North American beaver is present in a specific beaver colony. We hypothesized that dogs can discriminate between the two beaver species, via the odorant signal of castoreum from males and females, in two floor platform experiments. We show that dogs detect scent differences between the two species, both from dead beaver samples and from scent marks collected in the field. Our results suggest that dogs can be used as an “animal biosensor” to discriminate olfactory signals of beaver species, however more tests are needed. Next step should be to test if dogs discern between beaver species in the field under a range of weather conditions and habitat types and use beaver samples collected from areas where the two species share the same habitat. So far, our results show that dogs can be used as a promising tool in the future to promote conservation of the native beaver species and eradication of the invasive one. We therefore conclude that dogs may be an efficient non-invasive tool to help conservationist to manage invasive species in Europe, and advocate for European wildlife agencies to invest in this new tool.

scholarly journals THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ORPHULELLA

1899 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
North American Species ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The North

By the kindness of Prof. L. Bruner I have recently been able to study specimens of the South American Orphula pagana Stal., the type of the genus, and so to compare its structure with that of our native species latterly referred to Orphula. By this it appears, as Mr. Bruner has pointed out to me in correspondence, and as Mr. A. P. Morse has suggested (Psyche, VII., 407), that our species should be referred rathar to Orphulella, separated by Giglio-Tos from Orphula in 1894, though this was afterwards regarded by him as having only a subgeneric value Orphula in the stricter sense of the term is not, so far as I know, represented in the United States. Orphulella is the most widely distributed genus of North American Trypalinae and the most abundant in species. Those known to Prof. J. McNeill in his recent revision of our Tryxalinae were well separated by a table which I have here made the basis of a new one to include a considerable number of new forms. Besides describing these, I have added notes of distribution of the others, based on the collections in my hands, and given their principal synonymy.

scholarly journals Karakter Morfologi Tujuh Aksesi Pisang dari Maluku Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Indra Hendaru ◽  
Y. Hidayat ◽  
M. Ramdhani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
The North ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
High Diversity

<div><strong>Abstract</strong></div><div><p class="Default">Indonesia is one of the diversity centre of banana. The North Maluku area has a high diversity of banana, which cultivated in farm and yard to produce food and other utilization, but has not been characterized yet morphologically and genetically. The objective of this study was to characterize banana accessions collected by BPTP Maluku Utara. The study was conducted from May 2014 to May 2015 in Germplasm Station of Assessment Institute for Agricultural TechnologyNorth Maluku. This study used seven accessions of cultivated banana, namely Emas, Jarum, Tembaga, and Gohu Banana (Tidore Kepulauan City), Bunga (East Halmahera Regency), Galela (North Halmahera Regency), and Mulu Bebe (West Halmahera Regency). The morphological character observed were 32 qualitative characters and 15 quantitative characters based on standard descriptors from IPGRI. The data were analized by cluster analysis. The results showed that variability of morphology characters were found in the observed banana accesions. The cluster analysis showed that genetic diversity of seven banana accessions was divided two group clusters. The first, cluster I consisted of Gohu and Bunga banana. Second, cluster II consisted of Jarum, Emas, Galela, Tembaga, and Mulu Bebe banana. Emas banana and Jarum banana had the most maximum similar morphology characters of 63,12%, meanwhile Gohu banana had the lowest similar morphology characters from other accessions.</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p class="Default">Indonesia merupakan bagian dari pusat keragaman pisang. Kawasan Maluku Utara memiliki keragaman pisang yang tinggi dan mudah ditemukan di kebun dan pekarangan untuk produksi bahan pangan maupun tujuan lain. Namun, keragaman tersebut belum dikarakterisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi aksesi pisang yang dikoleksi BPTP Maluku Utara berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2014 sampai Mei 2015 di Kebun Plasma Nutfah BPTP Maluku Utara. Penelitian menggunakan tujuh jenis pisang yaitu pisang Emas, pisang Jarum, pisang Tembaga, dan pisang Gohu (Kota Tidore Kepulauan), pisang Bunga (Kab. Halmahera Timur), pisang Galela (Kab. Halmahera Utara), dan pisang Mulu Bebe (Kab. Halmahera Barat). Karakter morfologi yang diamati meliputi 32 karakter kualitatif dan 15 karakter kuan&amp;not;titatif berdasarkan panduan deskriptor dari IPGRI. Data hasil pengamatan karakter morfologi dianalisis dengan analisis klaster untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan dari jenis pisang yang diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik aksesi pisang yang diamati, terbagi pada dua kelompok yaitu kelompok 1 (pisang Gohu dan Bunga) dan kelompok II (pisang Jarum, Emas, Galela, Tembaga, dan Mulu Bebe). Aksesi pisang yang memiliki kemiripan paling tinggi ialah pisang Emas dengan Jarum yaitu 63,12%, sedangkan pisang Gohu memiliki hubungan kekerabatan paling jauh di antara seluruh aksesi.</p></div>

Comparative Geographical Variation in Seedling Morphology of Three Closely Related Red Mahoganies, Eucalyptus Urophylla, E. pellita and E. scias

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Pinyopusarerk ◽  
BV Gunn ◽  
ER Williams ◽  
LD Pryor
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Cape ◽  
Length Width

Twenty two populations of Eucalyptus urophylla, 13 of E. pellita and two of E. scias were selected throughout the species' natural distributions in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Australia, and the morphology of seedlings compared under greenhouse conditions. Leaf length, width, length/width ratio, base angle, stem shape and, to a lesser extent, intranode length provided good discrimination between species and provenances. Canonical variate analysis revealed four groups, two of which contain E. urophylla, one E. pellita and one E. scias. Wetar Island provenances formed one of the two E. urophylla groups, distinguished from the other group consisting of Alor, Adonara, Flores, Pantar and Timor provenances on the basis of narrower leaves, greater length/width ratios, more acute leaf base angles and square stems. Seedling leaves of E. pellita were generally longer and broader than the other species, with a tendency for a separation between the northern occurrences (New Guinea and northern Cape York Peninsula, Queensland) and southern occurrences (Helenvale to Rockhampton, Queensland); those from the north had smaller leaves and more distinctly square stems. E. scias is clearly distinguished by its narrower leaves and longer intranode length.

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