Foliar nutrient status in relation to sugar maple dieback and decline in the Quebec Appalachians

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bernier ◽  
M. Brazeau
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliage Density ◽  
Geological Formations

Forty-five mature sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) stands growing on soils associated with a wide range of geological formations in the Quebec Appalachians were sampled in both early to mid-July and mid- to late August 1985. The average level of forest decline, as indicated by foliage density, was 15%, ranging from 1 to 69%. The foliar concentrations of N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and B in July were generally adequate while K concentrations were <0.55% in nine sites (20% of the sites). Mean K concentrations in July and August were 0.68% and 0.62%, respectively, with only one value in excess of 0.90% in July, which is below most K concentrations reported in the literature for sugar maple. Results are presented for two distinct regions within the study area. Most stands with foliar K levels less than 0.55% in July exhibited high levels of decline (15–69%) while the majority of stands with K in excess of this concentration showed low levels of decline. These data suggest that K deficiency (sometimes accompanied by an acute P deficiency) influences the integrity of forest ecosystems and may play a significant role in the decline of the deciduous forest in the Quebec Appalachians.

Growth and foliar nutrient status of sugar maple: incidence of forest decline and reaction to fertilization

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ouimet ◽  
J.-M. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Typical decline symptoms have become common observations in the deciduous forest of southern Quebec. In 1988, sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) trees exhibiting various degrees of foliage loss were studied in 21 mature stands scattered throughout the province of Quebec in order to determine the impact of forest decline on the stands' growth and nutritional status. Results showed the following: (i) large variations in foliar concentrations existed between sites and sampling year, (ii) damaged trees were K deficient, (iii) stem radial growth over 5 years (1983–1988) and the 1987–1988 foliar K concentration decreased in a linear fashion as visual estimation of crown foliage loss increased, (iv) radial growth reduction averaged 27 and 54% for trees having a percentage of foliage loss of 6–25 and 25–50%, respectively. We tested the following hypothesis: improvement of foliar status by diagnostic fertilization in declining trees that have a deficiency in K leads to enhanced tree vigor that can be measured as increased stem growth. Beneficial fertilization effects occurred very rapidly, beginning in the year of treatment. Fertilization caused a 50% increase in stem radial growth compared with unfertilized trees in the 2 years following treatment application. This response was accompanied by increased foliar N, K, and Ca levels, and decreased P concentration, compared with control trees. The results suggest that poor growth and vigor of sugar maple on these sites are related to impaired foliar nutrition in K, and that a rapid revival of declining sugar maple characterized by a K deficiency can be produced in the short term by proper fertilization.

Foliar deficiencies of sugar maple stands associated with soil cation imbalances in the Quebec Appalachians

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Claude Camiré
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

Widespread symptoms of foliar deficiency of P and K have been observed for almost a decade in most of the declining hardwood forest in the Quebec Appalachians. We hypothesized that the foliar nutrient disturbances were related to the chemical equilibrium of exchangeable soil cations. Mature sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) foliage, and soil H-Ah and B horizon from 246 hardwood stands located in the Quebec Appalachians were sampled and analyzed. A cluster analysis using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) indices of the foliar data permitted the identification of six different nutritional groups: one slightly and one strongly deficient group in P-K, three groups having a K-Ca deficiency at different intensities from weak to strong, and one group having a strong P-K-Ca deficiency. These foliar nutrient status were strongly related to some soil properties. The P-K deficient groups had a 30% lower K saturation in the H-Ah horizon than the average level of the other groups, but a higher proportion of exchangeable Ca in the H-Ah and B horizon. For the four groups that were K-Ca deficient, increased nutrient stress was associated with reductions in soil Ca saturation and pH, and, particularly, increases in soil Mg saturation. Also, the Ca/(H+Al) ratio of exchangeable cations in the B horizon was ≤ 0.6 for these groups. High soil Mg saturation, potential soil Al toxicity related to low Ca saturation, and unfavorable soil humus properties were associated with the severity of nutrient stress. To obtain a balanced nutrition for sugar maple in this region, the forest humus should have less than 10% of Mg on exchange sites, a Ca/Mg ratio of exchangeable cations > 6, and a K/Mg ratio > 0.5. The values in the mineral B horizon should be < 10% for Mg/CEC, > 4 for the Ca/Mg ratio, > 1 for the K/Mg ratio, and > 1 for the Ca/(H+Al) ratio. Key words:Acer saccharum, cation saturation, Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System, forest decline, nutrient status, soil properties

scholarly journals Potassium and Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms of Ixora

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Foliage Plants ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Olive Green

Ixoras (Ixora L.) growing in calcareous sandy soils are highly susceptible to a reddish leaf spot disorder. Symptoms appear on the oldest leaves of a shoot and consist of irregular diffuse brownish-red blotches on slightly chlorotic leaves. Symptoms of K deficiency, P deficiency, and both K and P deficiency were induced in container-grown Ixora `Nora Grant' by withholding the appropriate element from the fertilization regime. Potassium-deficient ixoras showed sharply delimited necrotic spotting on the oldest leaves, were stunted in overall size, and retained fewer leaves per shoot than control plants. Phosphorus-deficient plants showed no spotting, but had uniformly brownish-red older leaves and olive-green younger foliage. Plants deficient in both elements displayed symptoms similar to those observed on landscape plants. Symptomatic experimental and landscape ixoras all had low foliar concentrations of both K and P.

Effect of thinning on the foliar nutrient status of Scots pine stands on drained boreal peatlands

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1577-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Timo Penttilä ◽  
Björn Hånell
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Needle Size ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Individual Trees

Foliar responses to thinning in midrotation stands of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) were studied in six thinning experiments (0–50% of basal area removed) established on drained peatlands in northern Finland and southern Sweden. The trophic level of the sites varied from ombrotrophic to meso-eutrophic. Needle sampling and analyses were carried out on individual trees of dominant and suppressed canopy layers. The variation in the needle dry mass and in the element concentrations and contents, calculated as plot means, was explained by thinning treatment, blocking by site groups and randoming blocking within the site. Thinning increased foliar concentrations of P, needle size, and contents of N, P, and K in all the canopy layers. It was concluded that thinning improved the foliar nutrient status by reducing the competition for nutrients.

A comparison of soil fertility and leaf nutrient status of sugar maples (Acer saccharum) in relation to microrelief in two maple forests in Québec

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Roy ◽  
A. Sauvesty ◽  
F. Pagé ◽  
R. van Hulst ◽  
C. Ansseau
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

This study was conducted to provide a better understanding of the relationship between foliar nutrient status, maple dieback and soil quality. Fieldwork was conducted in four maple stands, two of which were located in the Appalachians at Tingwick and two in the Laurentians at Duchesnay. All stands were characterised by a mound and depression microrelief. In one of the Tingwick maple stands (T1) the predominant soil type was found on mounds, and was well to moderately well-drained (Leeds and Woodbridge series). At the other site (T2), the predominant soil type was in depressions, and imperfectly to poorly drained (Sainte-Marie and Brompton series). At the first Duchesnay site (D1) the predominant soil type was found on mounds and was well to rapidly drained (Ste Agathe series). At the second Duchesnay site (D2), the predominant soil type was also found on mounds, but was well to moderately well-drained (Sergent series). On all sites, the soils were acidic and nutrient poor. The lowest pH values and nutrient concentrations (in the H-Ah horizons) were found in maple stands with well-drained soils (T1 and D1) (P < 0.05). On these sites, maple dieback was less than 10%. It was on the poorly to imperfectly drained soils at Tingwick (T2), as well as on the moderately drained soils at Duchesnay (D2), that we observed the lowest biological activity. Although these soils were the most nutrient rich, we observed foliar nutrient deficiencies, and maple dieback in excess of 25%. Our results suggest that maple dieback is the result of a poor physiological adaptation of sugar maple to poor drainage conditions in the areas studied. Key Words: Dieback, Acer saccharum, forest soils, biological activity index

Effects of Thinning and Fertilization on Foliar Nutrient Concentrations of Sugar Maple

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Stone ◽  
D. R. Christenson
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Foliar Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Dilution Effects

Effects of thinning and fertilization on growth and foliar nutrients were studied in pole-size sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.). Thinning plus fertilization resulted in significantly lower concentrations of foliar N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Zn, B, and Al in the first growing season, and of Mg, Cu, Zn, and Al in the 2nd year. Foliar nutrients in released, but nonfertilized, trees exhibited similar trends. The decreased foliar nutrient concentrations are attributed to dilution effects as a result of increased growth.Fertilization with N, P, and K significantly increased foliar concentrations of those nutrients but did not stimulate radial growth. Thinning resulted in highly significant increase in diameter growth both years.

Effects of ambient acidic rain on cation concentrations in leaves of Acersaccharum and Cornusflorida

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Inorganic Composition ◽  
Acidic Rain ◽  
Rinse Water

Are foliar concentrations of inorganic cations measurably altered by ambient acidic rain? Leaves of Acersaccharum Marsh. and Cornusflorida L. were collected before and after seven rains, washed, and analyzed for concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+. Leaf rinse water and the inorganic composition of each rain were also analyzed. All samples were collected in Indianapolis, Indiana, during June–September 1986–1987. Rain pH ranged from 3.6 to 4.6, volumes from 0.1 to 1.9 cm, and durations from 1 to 16 h. Most rains were net cleansers of leaf surfaces; concentrations of cations, SO42−, and NO3− in leaf rinse water were generally higher pre- than post-rain, or were unchanged by rain exposures, and leaf rinse water was more acidic after rains. Pre- versus post-rain changes in cation concentrations in washed leaves were generally small (±7%) compared with amounts present in leaves, and few differences were statistically significant (most p > 0.05). The changes in foliar cation concentrations were not correlated with rain pH, duration, volume, or date. These results suggest that short-term exposure to rain with pH typical of rain in much of the eastern United States is unlikely to have direct effects on foliar nutrient status, at least on fertile soils.

scholarly journals Foliar nutrient status of a natural fir forest in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Michopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Abies Cephalonica ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations

The foliar nutrient status was examined in a degraded Greek fir (Abies cephalonica Loud.) forest in Mount Parnitha near Athens, Greece. The examination lied in comparing the foliar concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, N, P, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu with the critical values referring to conifers and the elemental percentages with regard to N of the forest with the corresponding percentages of a healthy Bulgarian fir (Abies borisii regis) stand, the closest relative of the Greek fir. It was found that the needles of the Greek fir had significantly lower concentrations from the N and P critical values. Significant differences were found for the Ca/N, Mg/N, P/N, Fe/N and Mn/N percentages. Significant correlations for the Greek fir were found between needle weight and foliar N as well as between needle weight and the percentages Ca/N and Fe/N. It is highly probable that N and P in the Greek fir are in short supply. &nbsp;

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