Effect of thinning on the foliar nutrient status of Scots pine stands on drained boreal peatlands

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1577-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Timo Penttilä ◽  
Björn Hånell
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Needle Size ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Individual Trees

Foliar responses to thinning in midrotation stands of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) were studied in six thinning experiments (0–50% of basal area removed) established on drained peatlands in northern Finland and southern Sweden. The trophic level of the sites varied from ombrotrophic to meso-eutrophic. Needle sampling and analyses were carried out on individual trees of dominant and suppressed canopy layers. The variation in the needle dry mass and in the element concentrations and contents, calculated as plot means, was explained by thinning treatment, blocking by site groups and randoming blocking within the site. Thinning increased foliar concentrations of P, needle size, and contents of N, P, and K in all the canopy layers. It was concluded that thinning improved the foliar nutrient status by reducing the competition for nutrients.

scholarly journals Response of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stand to application of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and lime. 3. Foliar nutrient concentrations and stand development

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
G. Arnold ◽  
A. Van Diest
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Individual Trees

In 1985-88, a 25-yr-old Scots pine forest in Netherlands was limed and fertilized with P, K and Mg in a factoral design. This paper addresses effects of these treatments on foliar nutrient concentrations and tree growth. Stem volume increments of individual trees were measured. Average annual volume growth was estimated to be about 16 msuperscript 3/ha, which may be a slight underestimation. P and K showed increased foliar concentrations immediately after treatment and were the only elements that significantly increased volume growth in 1988-91. Additional annual volume growth of individual trees brought about by P and K corresponded with 0.9 and 2.2 msuperscript 3/ha, respectively. Foliar Mg and Ca increased later and insignificantly reduced and increased volume growth, respectively. Lime and Mg applications tended to lower foliar N. When absolute foliar concentrations and element ratios were compared to Dutch and German standards, it appeared that application of some of these standards in present research would not always have given a fully correct prediction of growth responses to nutrient additions.

Vigor and Nutrition vs. Sap Sugar Concentration in Sugar Maples

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Wilmot ◽  
Philip W. Brett ◽  
Melvin T. Tyree
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Crown Health ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Crown Dieback

Abstract Although maple dieback has received considerable recent attention in the Northeast, little has been reported about the relationship between sap sugar yield and crown health or crown nutrition. We measured sap sugar concentration (sweetness) in six northern Vermont maple stands in the springs of 1990-1992, and sap volume yield from tapholes at one stand in 1991. The stands differed in average crown dieback, canopy transparency, density, and mean dbh, as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC) of upper soil horizons. Sweetness of individual trees was correlated with sweetness measured the previous year (r > 0.72, P < 0.001) and with dbh (r > 0.45, P < 0.001), but correlations between sweetness and crown dieback or canopy transparency were low (r < 0.14). Sap volume was negatively correlated with crown dieback (r = -0.51, P = < 0.001). Possible explanations for these findings are discussed. Foliar nutrient status of trees was not well correlated with sap sweetness (r < 0.30). Affects of soil amendments, primarily cations, on sap sugar concentration were studied at three stands with low CEC. There were no treatment-dependent changes in sap sweetness 2 yr after the first fertilizer application. North. J. Appl. For. 12(4):156-162.

Growth and foliar nutrient status of black spruce and tamarack in relation to depth of water table in some Alberta peatlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Lieffers ◽  
S. Ellen Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentration

Foliar nutrient status and growth rates of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and tamarack (Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) were assessed at 21 peatland locations where the water table was affected by roadbed construction. On one side of the road the peatland may have been drained while the other side may have been flooded or unaffected by the road. For both black spruce and tamarack, concentrations of foliar N and S, needle length, and periodic annual increment in basal area were positively correlated with depth to water table. Analysis of pairs of sites (from each side of the road) showed that trees from the site with greater depth to water table had higher concentrations of foliar N and S and greater basal area increment. Foliar concentration of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, and Fe were not correlated with depth to water table or growth rate.

Foliar nutrient variation and sampling intensity for Acerrubrum trees

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayne G. Erdmann ◽  
Thomas R. Crow ◽  
H. Michael Rauscher
Keyword(s):  
Red Maple ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
The North ◽  
Good Site ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Poor Site ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
North And South ◽  
Northern Michigan

Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were determined for red maple (Acerrubrum L.) foliage sampled during mid to late August. Samples of mature leaves were collected from the upper, middle, and lower crown on the north and south sides of 22 dominant and codominant red maple trees growing in 51- to 58-year-old even-aged stands on a good site (SI50 = 21.6 m) and a poor site (SI50 = 13.6 m) in northern Michigan. Although individual trees differed greatly in concentrations of all elements, trees growing on the good site had significantly higher foliar concentrations of P, Ca, and Mg than trees on the poor site. Concentrations of N and K were similar for both sites. Concentrations of N, P, K, and Ca also differed significantly with crown position, but no difference in concentration for any element was found with crown direction. The sample-size requirements are given for each element at a selected level of accuracy.

Foliar nutrient status in relation to sugar maple dieback and decline in the Quebec Appalachians

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bernier ◽  
M. Brazeau
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliage Density ◽  
Geological Formations

Forty-five mature sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) stands growing on soils associated with a wide range of geological formations in the Quebec Appalachians were sampled in both early to mid-July and mid- to late August 1985. The average level of forest decline, as indicated by foliage density, was 15%, ranging from 1 to 69%. The foliar concentrations of N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and B in July were generally adequate while K concentrations were <0.55% in nine sites (20% of the sites). Mean K concentrations in July and August were 0.68% and 0.62%, respectively, with only one value in excess of 0.90% in July, which is below most K concentrations reported in the literature for sugar maple. Results are presented for two distinct regions within the study area. Most stands with foliar K levels less than 0.55% in July exhibited high levels of decline (15–69%) while the majority of stands with K in excess of this concentration showed low levels of decline. These data suggest that K deficiency (sometimes accompanied by an acute P deficiency) influences the integrity of forest ecosystems and may play a significant role in the decline of the deciduous forest in the Quebec Appalachians.

Long-term thinning effects on the forest floor and the foliar nutrient status of Norway spruce stands in the Belgian Ardennes

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2684-2695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Jonard ◽  
Laurent Misson ◽  
Quentin Ponette
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Long Term Impact

The long-term impact (30 years) of three contrasting thinning programs (unthinned, moderately thinned, and heavily thinned) on selected forest-floor properties and on the foliar nutrient status of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands (46, 50, and 67 years old) was evaluated at three sites on acid soils in the Belgian Ardennes. Sampling involved needles (current-year, 1-year-old, and recently fallen) and soil organic layers (OL, OF, OH, OA). For all samples, dry mass and element concentrations (C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Al, Fe) were determined. Linear mixed models were used to analyze these data and showed that forest-floor mass was negatively affected by thinning (p = 0.0003) and that the N concentration in the forest floor increased with thinning intensity (p = 0.0008), while its Mn concentration decreased (p < 0.0001). The N, P, and K concentrations in the current-year needles were decreased by thinning (p < 0.05), while the Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations were not affected. We hypothesize that thinning negatively affected N, P, and K nutrition by removing the nutrients contained in the thinned trees and by decreasing the forest-floor thickness, thus reducing its nutrient contents and its ability to support root growth.

scholarly journals Response of advance regeneration to intensity of harvest and fertilization on boreal wetlands

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Teng ◽  
S E Bailey ◽  
N W Foster ◽  
P W Hazlettr
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Light Medium

Post-harvest nutrient status and growth of understory black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) advance regeneration during the first seven years after harvest with advance regeneration protection (HARP) was evaluated on two boreal wetlands in northeastern Ontario. Three intensities of HARP were investigated: light, medium and heavy, corresponding to 35, 50, 100% basal area removal of merchantable trees. Limiting nutrients were diagnosed with a nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) potassium (K) fertilization trial. Release by HARP significantly improved foliar N by 43–214%,and P by 40–317%, stimulated needle mass by 13–114% and annual height increment of spruce by 6–50% on all three HARP treatments. Growth of spruce was statistically greater after heavy release than the other two HARP treatments by the sixth year. Fertilization with a combination of N and P further increased needle biomass and height increment by 23–46% and 16–26%, respectively. Nitrogen and, secondly, P were limiting for rapid natural reestablishment of black spruce stands on boreal peatlands. Key words: black spruce, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, clearcut

Effects of ambient acidic rain on cation concentrations in leaves of Acersaccharum and Cornusflorida

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Inorganic Composition ◽  
Acidic Rain ◽  
Rinse Water

Are foliar concentrations of inorganic cations measurably altered by ambient acidic rain? Leaves of Acersaccharum Marsh. and Cornusflorida L. were collected before and after seven rains, washed, and analyzed for concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+. Leaf rinse water and the inorganic composition of each rain were also analyzed. All samples were collected in Indianapolis, Indiana, during June–September 1986–1987. Rain pH ranged from 3.6 to 4.6, volumes from 0.1 to 1.9 cm, and durations from 1 to 16 h. Most rains were net cleansers of leaf surfaces; concentrations of cations, SO42−, and NO3− in leaf rinse water were generally higher pre- than post-rain, or were unchanged by rain exposures, and leaf rinse water was more acidic after rains. Pre- versus post-rain changes in cation concentrations in washed leaves were generally small (±7%) compared with amounts present in leaves, and few differences were statistically significant (most p > 0.05). The changes in foliar cation concentrations were not correlated with rain pH, duration, volume, or date. These results suggest that short-term exposure to rain with pH typical of rain in much of the eastern United States is unlikely to have direct effects on foliar nutrient status, at least on fertile soils.

scholarly journals Foliar nutrient status of a natural fir forest in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Michopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Abies Cephalonica ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations

The foliar nutrient status was examined in a degraded Greek fir (Abies cephalonica Loud.) forest in Mount Parnitha near Athens, Greece. The examination lied in comparing the foliar concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, N, P, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu with the critical values referring to conifers and the elemental percentages with regard to N of the forest with the corresponding percentages of a healthy Bulgarian fir (Abies borisii regis) stand, the closest relative of the Greek fir. It was found that the needles of the Greek fir had significantly lower concentrations from the N and P critical values. Significant differences were found for the Ca/N, Mg/N, P/N, Fe/N and Mn/N percentages. Significant correlations for the Greek fir were found between needle weight and foliar N as well as between needle weight and the percentages Ca/N and Fe/N. It is highly probable that N and P in the Greek fir are in short supply. &nbsp;

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