Influence of seral stage and season on leaf chemistry of southeastern Alaska deer forage

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Van Horne ◽  
Thomas A. Hanley ◽  
Rex G. Cates ◽  
Jay D. McKendrick ◽  
John D. Horner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Opposite Manner ◽  
The Impact

The relationships between seral stage and nutrient and organic composition of five plant species used as forage by Sitka black-tailed deer were investigated in hemlock–spruce forest in southeastern Alaska. One shrub, three forbs, and one conifer species were collected during May, July, and October to ascertain differences among seral stands in seasonal patterns of nutrient levels, in vitro dry matter digestibility, astringency, and the concentrations of phenolics, terpenes, total nonstructural carbohydrates, and cyanide. In the shrub and forbs, concentrations of N, P, and K tended to be higher in leaves from forested than from open clear-cut areas, and higher in May than in July and October. These nutrients tended to covary in an opposite manner to Ca, Mg, and Na and in a similar manner to the trace elements Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe, although these patterns were inconsistent. In these species there was also a general pattern of higher levels of total nonstructural carbohydrates, astringency, and phenolics in the three young open stands than in the shaded forest understories of the two oldest stands. Dry matter digestibility did not differ across stands but did vary seasonally. The among-stand differences in foliage chemical composition may have resulted from differences in the availability of light. While seral stage affected both the inorganic and organic quality of understory forage species, the combined results suggest that the impact on N economy of deer is greater than that on their energy economy.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF FROKER OATS FOR FORAGE. II. CONCENTRATIONS AND YIELDS OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALE SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Froker oats (Avena sativa L.) was grown from seed to initial panicle emergence in three day/night temperature regimes: hot (H) 32/26 C, warm (W) 27/21 C, and cool (C) 21/15 C. At initial panicle emergence, some plants were transferred to the other regimes to provide nine temperature treatments until harvest at complete panicle emergence. High herbage concentrations of in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) generally resulted when C temperatures prevailed after initial panicle emergence, whereas high crude protein (CP) and elemental concentrations generally resulted when H temperatures prevailed after initial panicle emergence. In general, yields (g/pot) of DM, IVDDM, TNC, CP, fat, and ash were influenced more by temperature before than after initial panicle emergence. However, yields of DM, IVDDM, and TNC were reduced markedly by the change from C to W and from C to H, and were increased by the change from H to C.

Methane production and in vitro digestibility of low quality forages treated with a protease or a cellulase

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
J. M. Cantet ◽  
D. Colombatto ◽  
G. Jaurena
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to assess the impact of application of two enzyme mixtures on the in vitro dry matter digestibility, neutral detergent fibre digestibility, net cumulative gas production and methane production after 24 h of incubation of Milium coloratum (formely Panicum coloratum) and a Patagonian meadow grassland. A protease (Protex 6-L) and a fibrolytic enzyme (Rovabio) were assessed at three application rates (30, 60 and 90 mg/100 mL of distiller water) on the substrates. Meadow samples were higher to Milium ones (P < 0.05) for in vitro dry matter digestibility and net cumulative gas production at 24 h. Nevertheless, Milium was ~11% higher than meadow (P < 0.05) for methane when expressed as a proportion of digested dry matter (g/kg). Rovabio did not induce differences in any variable, but the addition of Protex reduced (P < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility in both substrates without bringing about differences in methane production. Collectively, the addition of these enzymes did not benefit in vitro ruminal fermentation of low quality forages.

scholarly journals High throughput accurate method for estimating in vitro dry matter digestibility of maize silage

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-L. Lopez-Marnet ◽  
S. Guillaume ◽  
M.-P. Jacquemot ◽  
M. Reymond ◽  
V. Méchin
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Major Result ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hcl Solution

Abstract Background Since the introduction of studies on maize silage digestibility at the end of the nineteenth century, protocols to estimate dry matter digestibility have not stopped evolving. Since the early 1980s, the protocol developed by Aufrère became a benchmark in many laboratories to estimate in vitro dry matter digestibility. In order to increase its throughput, to facilitate its execution and to decipher the impact of the different parameters of the protocol we decided to test the combination of 7 parameters in 21 different protocols. Results We thus tested the impact of (1) the presence or absence of pepsin in HCl solution, (2) the temperature of incubation during enzymatic hydrolysis, (3) the presence or absence of a gelatinization step, (4) washing/rinsing versus neutralization step, (5) the presence or absence of α-amyloglucosidase in enzymatic solution, (6) the duration of cellulase incubation, and (7) the concentration of the cellulase solution. The major result of our work highlighted that it was essential to carry out a gelatinization step to correctly estimate the in vitro dry matter digestibility of maize silage. Conclusions The proposed protocol in this paper is innovative, reliable, highthroughput and easy to implement in many laboratories to accurately quantity in vitro dry matter digestibility.

Production of Jiggs bermudagrass and the impact of quality milk production and quality of Holstein dairy cows under an intermittent grazing system

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Brandstetter ◽  
K.A.P. Costa ◽  
M.A.P. da Silva ◽  
F.R. Araújo Neto ◽  
V.R. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
The Impact

Dairy production plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy and high-quality forage is necessary for ruminants to produce satisfactory milk levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the production and quality of Jiggs bermudagrass and its effects on the production and quality parameters of milk from Holstein cows under an intermittent grazing system throughout the year. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design with the four seasons as treatments, replicated five times. The season had a significant effect on the production and nutritional parameters of Jiggs bermudagrass with the highest total dry matter production observed during summer, followed by spring and fall. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were significantly higher in winter. The in vitro dry matter digestibility was significantly higher in summer, spring, and fall. Jiggs bermudagrass is a promising forage for the enhancement of milk production under intermittent stocking. However, its effects vary seasonally which exerts a greater influence during the winter, even with irrigation, because it directly affects the milk production and quality. The correlation results demonstrated the importance of better quality forage for increasing milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

Divergent Selection for In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility in Smooth Bromegrass 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Ehlke ◽  
M. D. Casler ◽  
P. N. Drolsom ◽  
J. S. Shenk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

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