Effects of madrone, chinkapin, and tanoak sprouts on light intensity, soil moisture, and soil temperature

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Minore
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Light, moisture, and temperature measurements beneath sprout clumps were compared with similar measurements outside the clumps on eight clear-cuttings in southwestern Oregon. Light intensity was higher beneath madrone than beneath tanoak or chinkapin. Soil moisture was higher beneath the clumps and soil temperature was lower than outside them during the cool moist summer of 1983. Soil temperature remained lower beneath the clumps during the warm dry summer of 1985, but moisture conditions were similar beneath and outside the clumps after the prolonged 1985 drought.

CONVERSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTANCE READINGS TO SATURATED PASTE EXTRACT VALUES IN SOILS FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE, TEXTURE, AND MOISTURE CONDITIONS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. McKENZIE ◽  
W. CHOMISTEK ◽  
N. F. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Linear equations were developed for converting electromagnetic induction readings (ECa) from EM38 meters to saturated paste electrical conductivity values (ECc). To correlate EM38 readings with measured ECe values, field sites representing a range of salinity conditions were sampled in 0.30-m increments to a depth of 1.5 m. Adapting a weighting procedure based on the EM38 meter's response to depth, ECe values were condensed into a single weighted value. The weighted ECe values were linearly correlated with temperature-corrected ECa readings. Equations were designed for soils of various textures under varying temperature and moisture conditions. For accurate ECa to ECe conversions, soil temperature correction of ECa is essential. When a frozen layer is present, EM38 readings are unreliable. EM38 horizontal and vertical modes show different ECa readings for the same depth-weighted ECe. Variability of ECa to ECe conversion was greater on coarse-textured than medium- or fine-textured soils. Available soil moisture should be above 30% for accurate ECe determinations from ECa readings. Key words: Salinity methods, soil salinity, saturated paste extract method, electromagnetic inductance meters, soil temperature

scholarly journals Soil temperature and soil moisture characteristics for several habitat types of Montana and Idaho

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dean Albert Sirucek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Soil Temperature Regime ◽  
Northern Idaho ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Climax Forest

Soil temperature and soil moisture data from sixty-six monitoring sites located in forest ecosystems of western Montana and northern Idaho were summarized. These data were analyzed in comparison to the criteria for soil temperature and soil moisture regimes (U.S.D.A.- Soil Taxonomy, Soils Staff, 1975). The hypothesis that climax forest communities (habitat types) occupy sites with characteristic soil temperature and moisture conditions was tested. The soil temperature and soil moisture status throughout the growing season for fifty-two monitoring sites was analyzed in respect to their climax forest series and habitat type class. The results of the analysis demonstrate that some forest habitat types of northern Idaho and western Montana occupy sites with a narrow range of soil temperature and soil moisture conditions; where as other habitat types have variable soil temperature and soil moisture conditions. The monitored soil temperature and soil moisture data were displayed for nineteen forest habitat types. Several relationships between climax forest vegetation, soil temperature regimes and soil moisture regimes were identified, for western Montana and northern Idaho. The Abies Iasiocarpa climax forest series monitoring sites classify primarily in the cryic soil temperature regime. The Thuja plicata, Abies grandis, and Pseudotsuga menziesii climax forest series monitoring sites classify primarily in the frigid soil temperature regime. In western Montana all the Abies lasiocarpa, Thuja plicata, and Abies grandis climax forest series monitoring sites classify in the udic soil moisture regime. The Pseudotsuga menziesii climax forest series monitoring sites classify in either a udic or a xeric soil moisture regime. It was concluded that a field soil scientist in western Montana or northern Idaho could estimate the soil temperature regime by knowing the climax forest series and elevation of a site. Discriminant analysis was applied to thirty-four monitoring sites representing six habitat types. The probability of the membership in a habitat type being correctly predicted by the site characteristics alone (i.e. average soil temperature, average soil moisture tension, and elevation) was eighty-six percent.

Determining soil moisture by assimilating soil temperature measurements using the Ensemble Kalman Filter

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 340-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhi Dong ◽  
Susan C. Steele-Dunne ◽  
Tyson E. Ochsner ◽  
Nick van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Ensemble Kalman Filter ◽  
Temperature Measurements

INFLUENCE OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONDITIONS ON GROWTH PROTEIN PRODUCTION OF MANITOU AND TWO SEMIDWARF MEXICAN SPRING WHEATS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. MACK
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Three spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), Manitou, Pitic 62, and QK1-13, were grown in field plots containing a thermally controlled watercirculation system. The system provided two controlled root-zone temperatures (10 and 28 C) and one uncontrolled seasonal temperature (18 C), which represented mean summer soil temperatures of the Cryoboreal (8–15 C), the Mesic/Thermic (15–22/> 22 C), and the Boreal (15–18 C) climatic classes of the Canadian Soil Climatic Classification System. Three soil moisture conditions were characterized in terms of a soil moisture sufficiency index (SMI) levels were selected to correspond to the subclasses, Arid/Semiarid, Humid/Subhumid, and Perhumid. When temperature treatments were applied between emergence and the third-leaf stage of development, average yields from all treatments usually ranked with temperatures associated with the Cryoboreal > Boreal > Mesic/Thermic Classes. High soil temperature depressed the yields of the Mexican cultivars Pitic 62 and QK1-13 more than Manitou. Manitou appeared to tolerate a wider range in temperature than the Mexican cultivars, especially when seeded early (May). Yields of all cultivars were highest frequently under temperature and moisture conditions associated with the Cryoboreal and Boreal Subhumid classes. At these temperatures, yields were reduced markedly under Arid/Semiarid moisture conditions and depressed slightly under Perhumid moisture conditions. Grain yields were relatively low under the warm soils at all moisture conditions. In general, protein content was high under Arid conditions for all three temperatures. The protein content diminished with decreasing moisture stress under warm and cool temperatures. Thus, lowest protein concentration occurred under temperature and moisture conditions associated with the Cryoboreal Perhumid Class. Fertilizer (N + P + K) had greater effect at temperatures associated with cooler soils. Under all moisture and temperature conditions, Pitic 62 gave a much heavier root weight and a more fibrous root system than either Manitou or QK1-13.

Modeling snowpack and soil temperature and moisture conditions in a jack pine, black spruce and aspen forest stand in central Saskatchewan (BOREAS SSA)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Balland, Jagtar Bhatti ◽  
Ruth Errington, Mark Castonguay ◽  
Paul A. Arp
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Frost Penetration ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Impacts of climate change on above- and below-ground heat and moisture conditions were modeled so that other impacts on, e.g., local carbon (C) and C-based pools for nutrients and pollutants such as Hg can be predicted reliably. This paper shows how the 199–-2003 data for the jack pine (jp; Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (bs; Picea mariana) and aspen (ta; Populus tremuloides) sites of the Southern Study Area of the BOREAS project were used to estimate some of the hydrothermal soil responses at these locations to daily variations in precipitation and air temperature. This was done by initializing and calibrating a forest hydrology model that has the capacity to simulate flow and retention of moisture and heat, as modified by canopy closure, ground cover, forest-floor depth, and soil composition. The calculations and data revealed strong but predictable site-specific differences in soil temperature and frost penetration (jp: 1–2 m > ta: 0.5–1 m > bs: 0–0.5 m), in soil moisture freezing (ta < bs < jp), and in moisture retention (jp < ta < bs). Apart from daily weather, these differences depended on soil texture (loamy/sandy texture impeded/encouraged soil freezing, respectively), and on the thermal insulation and moisture retention of the combined forest floor, moss and lichens layers (ta < jp < bs). Key words: Jack pine, aspen, black spruce, soil moisture, soil temperature, frost penetration, snowpack, boreal conditions

Evaluation of Presswheels and Seed Coverers for Direct Seeding of Brassica

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599E-600
Author(s):  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Richard L. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Determine Effect

Improved stand establishment of direct-seeded crops has usually involved seed treatment and/or seed covers. Planters have been evaluated for seed/plant spacing uniformity, singulation, furrow openers, and presswheel design; however, effects of presswheels and seed coverers on plant establishment have not been widely investigated. Five experiments were conducted in a fine sandy loam soil to determine effect of presswheels and seed coverers on emergence of direct-seeded cabbage and mustard. Seed were planted with Stanhay 870 seeder equipped with one of four presswheels and seed coverers. Presswheels included smooth, mesh, concave split, and flat split types. Seed coverers included standard drag, light drag, paired knives, and no coverer. Soil moisture at planting ranged from 8% to 19% in the top 5 cm of bed. Differences in plant counts taken 2 weeks after planting were minimal with any presswheel or seed coverer. Visual observation indicated the seed furrow was more completely closed with the knife coverer in high soil moisture conditions. All tests received at least 14 mm of precipitation within 6 days from planting, which may account for lack of differences in plant emergence.

Ecological responses of Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia to experimentally increased temperature and precipitation. 3. Soil respiration

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexia Wang ◽  
Yali Chen ◽  
Yulong Yan ◽  
Zhiqiang Wan ◽  
Ran Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Soil Respiration Rate ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The response of soil respiration to simulated climatic warming and increased precipitation was evaluated on the arid–semi-arid Stipa steppe of Inner Mongolia. Soil respiration rate had a single peak during the growing season, reaching a maximum in July under all treatments. Soil temperature, soil moisture and their interaction influenced the soil respiration rate. Relative to the control, warming alone reduced the soil respiration rate by 15.6 ± 7.0%, whereas increased precipitation alone increased the soil respiration rate by 52.6 ± 42.1%. The combination of warming and increased precipitation increased the soil respiration rate by 22.4 ± 11.2%. When temperature was increased, soil respiration rate was more sensitive to soil moisture than to soil temperature, although the reverse applied when precipitation was increased. Under the experimental precipitation (20% above natural rainfall) applied in the experiment, soil moisture was the primary factor limiting soil respiration, but soil temperature may become limiting under higher soil moisture levels.

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