Modeling snowpack and soil temperature and moisture conditions in a jack pine, black spruce and aspen forest stand in central Saskatchewan (BOREAS SSA)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Balland, Jagtar Bhatti ◽  
Ruth Errington, Mark Castonguay ◽  
Paul A. Arp
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Frost Penetration ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Impacts of climate change on above- and below-ground heat and moisture conditions were modeled so that other impacts on, e.g., local carbon (C) and C-based pools for nutrients and pollutants such as Hg can be predicted reliably. This paper shows how the 199–-2003 data for the jack pine (jp; Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (bs; Picea mariana) and aspen (ta; Populus tremuloides) sites of the Southern Study Area of the BOREAS project were used to estimate some of the hydrothermal soil responses at these locations to daily variations in precipitation and air temperature. This was done by initializing and calibrating a forest hydrology model that has the capacity to simulate flow and retention of moisture and heat, as modified by canopy closure, ground cover, forest-floor depth, and soil composition. The calculations and data revealed strong but predictable site-specific differences in soil temperature and frost penetration (jp: 1–2 m > ta: 0.5–1 m > bs: 0–0.5 m), in soil moisture freezing (ta < bs < jp), and in moisture retention (jp < ta < bs). Apart from daily weather, these differences depended on soil texture (loamy/sandy texture impeded/encouraged soil freezing, respectively), and on the thermal insulation and moisture retention of the combined forest floor, moss and lichens layers (ta < jp < bs). Key words: Jack pine, aspen, black spruce, soil moisture, soil temperature, frost penetration, snowpack, boreal conditions

Laboratory assessment of the effect of forest floor ash on conifer germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Kemball ◽  
A. Richard Westwood ◽  
G. Geoff Wang
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Mineral soils exposed by fire are often covered by a layer of ash due to complete consumption of the forest floor (litter and duff). To assess the possible effects of ash on seed germination and viability of jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, Poggenb.), white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), a laboratory experiment was conducted using ash derived from three types of forest floor samples. The samples represented areas of high conifer concentration, high aspen concentration, and mixed aspen and conifer and were collected from five mature aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) – conifer mixedwood stands in southeastern Manitoba. Ash derived from each forest floor type neither prohibited nor delayed conifer germination, except that of balsam fir. Balsam fir had significantly less germination on ash derived from forest floor samples with high aspen concentration. When corrected for seed viability, balsam fir had significantly less germination on all three ash types compared with jack pine, black spruce, and white spruce. However, the impact of ash on balsam fir is unlikely to have meaningful ecological implications, as balsam fir is a climax species and will establish in undisturbed mature forests.

Forest floor mass and nutrients in two chronosequences of plantations: Jack pine vs. black spruce

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Krause
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Natural Forests

The purpose of this study was to determine whether change of forest cover had an effect on the development of the organic surface horizons, particularly on those variables that influence nutrient cycling and forest productivity. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) plantations were selected from among the youngest to oldest (2–16 yr) within a 100 km2 area in southeastern New Brunswick. Natural forests were also included as benchmark sites. The forest floor and tree foliage was sampled and trees measured on 0.05-ha plots. The forest floor samples were used to determine organic mass, nutrient contents and pH. In pine plantations, organic matter accumulated rapidly during the period of exponential tree growth, but leveled off at about 45 Mg ha–1. This was within the range of benchmark sites with mixed conifer-hardwood cover. In spruce plantations, the forest floor mass ranged upward to 77 Mg ha–1. Development was strongly influenced by the nature of the previous forest. Spruce forest floors were on average more acid and had lower nutrient concentrations, particularly N and Ca. The observed differences suggest that nutrients are recycled more rapidly in the pine plantations, partly explaining the superior growth of the latter. Key words: Forest floor, Kalmia angustifolia L., Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., Pinus banksiana Lamb., nutrient cycling, plantation forest

scholarly journals Jack Pine Regeneration Following Postcut Burning under Seed Trees in Central Saskatchewan

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chrosciewicz
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Slash Burning

An experimental burn in conjunction with a seed-tree system was successful in regenerating jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) on a fresh to somewhat moist upland, loamy till, cutover site in central Saskatchewan. About 20 well-formed, uniformly spaced seed trees per hectare were left standing during timber harvest. The ignition of logging slash was carried out under preselected weather and fuel conditions so that favorable seedbeds and adequate seed dispersal from the seed trees were produced. Four growing seasons after burning, jack pine stocking by 4-m2 quadrats was 90% with 12 195 seedlings/ha. Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), to a lesser degree black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.), and other companion tree species also regenerated with the pine. Various seedbed and regeneration characteristics as well as height growth rates are discussed. Key words: Pinus banksiana, slash burning, seed-tree system, forest regeneration, growth rates, central Saskatchewan.

Mixed-species effect on tree aboveground carbon pools in the east-central boreal forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Cavard ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Han Y.H. Chen ◽  
David Paré
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Niche Complementarity ◽  
Aboveground Carbon

This study investigates the potential of mixed forest stands as better aboveground carbon sinks than pure stands. According to the facilitation and niche complementarity hypotheses, we predict higher carbon sequestration in mature boreal mixedwoods. Aboveground carbon contents of black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, Poggenb.) and trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) mixtures were investigated in the eastern boreal forest, whereas jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and trembling aspen were used in the central boreal forest. No carbon gain was found in species mixtures; nearly pure trembling aspen stands contained the greatest amount of aboveground carbon, black spruce stands had the least, and mixtures were intermediate with amounts that could generally be predicted by linear interpolation with stem proportions. These results suggest that for aspen, the potentially detrimental effect of spruce on soils observed in other studies may be offset by greater light availability in mixtures. On the other hand, for black spruce, the potentially beneficial effects of aspen on soils could be offset by greater competition by aspen for nutrients and light. The mixture of jack pine and trembling aspen did not benefit any of these species while inducing a loss in trembling aspen carbon at the stand level.

Simulations of pre- and post-harvest soil temperature, soil moisture, and snowpack for jack pine: comparison with field observations

2000 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 413-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S Bhatti ◽  
R.L Fleming ◽  
N.W Foster ◽  
F.-R Meng ◽  
C.P.A Bourque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Post Harvest

Productivity and nutrient cycling in taiga forest ecosystems

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Van Cleve ◽  
Lola Oliver ◽  
Robert Schlentner ◽  
Leslie A. Viereck ◽  
C. T. Dyrness
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
Tree Production

This paper considers the productivity and nutrient cycling in examples of the major forest types in interior Alaska. These ecosystem properties are examined from the standpoint of the control exerted over them by soil temperature and forest-floor chemistry. We conclude that black spruce Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P. occupies the coldest, wettest sites which support tree growth in interior Alaska. Average seasonal heat sums (1132 ± 32 degree days (DD)) for all other forest types were significantly higher than those encountered for black spruce (640 ± 40 DD). In addition, black spruce ecosystems display the highest average seasonal forest-floor and mineral-soil moisture contents. Forest-floor chemistry interacts with soil temperature in black spruce to produce the most decay-resistant organic matter. In black spruce the material is characterized by the highest lignin content and widest C/N (44) and C/P (404) ratios. Across the range of forest types examined in this study, soil temperature is strongly related to net annual aboveground tree production and the annual tree requirement for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Forest floor C/N and C/P ratios are strongly related to annual tree N and P requirement and the C/N ratio to annual tree production. In all cases these controls act to produce, in black spruce, the smallest accumulation of tree biomass, standing crop of elements, annual production, and element requirement in aboveground tree components.

scholarly journals Assessment of performance of potato crop under modified microclimates in rice based cropping system of Upper Brahmaputra valley zone of Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
M. PANGING ◽  
P. NEOG ◽  
R. L. DEKA ◽  
K. MEDHI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Planting Dates

A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2017-18 in Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to identify appropriate adaptive strategies for combating ill effect of heat and moisture stress through modifying microclimate in rice-potato double cropping system. The potato variety – Kufri Jyoti was planted in split plot design with 3 dates starting from 10 November at 10 days interval (main plots) and three mulching treatments with water hyacinth, black polythene and without mulching (sub-plots) following recommended agronomic practices. The study revealed that there were 11.8 and 7.0 per cent increase in average soil moisture content under water hyacinth and black polythene, respectively as compared to non-mulched treatment. On the other hand, soil temperature was 0.5 to 1.5 °C (morning) and 1.1 to 2.3°C (evening) lower under water hyacinth, but 1.2 to 2.1°C (morning) and 1.7 to 2.6 (evening) higher underblack polythene as compared to non-mulched crop. In all planting dates, crop growth parameters like LAI and biomass production were observed to be highest under water hyacinth, followed by black polythene and without mulching. Among the mulching treatment the highest and lowest tuber yield was recorded under water hyacinth (120.81 q ha-1) and non-mulched treatment (85.0 q ha-1), respectively in all planting dates.It was found that the tuber yield was significantly and positively correlated (at 5% level) with theaverage soil moisture retention (mm) in upper 30 cm layer of soil during tuber formation to physiological maturity (r =77*). Increase in tuber yield (up to 42.2%) under water hyacintheven in case of late plantings (beyond 10 November) was probably due to increase insoil moisture retention (8.1 to 15.7 %) and reduction of soil temperature (1 to 1.8°C) under water hyacinthwhich endowed with favorablehydrothermal environment as compared to that under black polythene and non mulched treatment. 

Harvesting and slash piling affects soil respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture regimes in Newfoundland boreal forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Moroni ◽  
P. Q. Carter ◽  
D. A.J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
A Minor

The effect of harvesting and slash piling on soil respiration, temperature and moisture was examined in a balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and a black spruce (Picea marinara) forest located in western Newfoundland, Canada, 2 mo to 2.5 yr following harvesting. Within 4 mo of harvesting, soil temperature, moisture, and soil respiration rates were affected by harvesting and slash piling. Clearcut areas without slash (CC-S) had significantly lower soil respiration rates than uncut forests (F). However, clearcut areas with slash cover (CC+S) had significantly higher soil respiration rates than CC-S. When harvested areas with and without slash were combined, harvesting decreased soil respiration in the black spruce forest but had no effect on soil respiration in the balsam fir forest. Harvesting increased soil temperatures at 10 cm, however CC+S temperatures were cooler than CC-S temperatures. Harvested areas tended to dry faster than F, although soil moisture levels at >3.5 cm were not significantly depleted. However, there was evidence of soil drying at <3.5 cm. Soil temperature (at 10 cm) at the time of measurement was most strongly correlated to rates of soil respiration. Temporal variability and treatment effects (harvesting and slash piling) played a minor role in explaining soil respiration rates when variations in soil respiration were adjusted for 10-cm soil temperature,. Soil moisture levels (3.5-9.5 cm depth), which did not vary widely, also played a minor role in explaining soil respiration rates.Key words: Clearcut, Abies balsamea, Picea marinara, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gas

CONVERSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTANCE READINGS TO SATURATED PASTE EXTRACT VALUES IN SOILS FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE, TEXTURE, AND MOISTURE CONDITIONS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. McKENZIE ◽  
W. CHOMISTEK ◽  
N. F. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Linear equations were developed for converting electromagnetic induction readings (ECa) from EM38 meters to saturated paste electrical conductivity values (ECc). To correlate EM38 readings with measured ECe values, field sites representing a range of salinity conditions were sampled in 0.30-m increments to a depth of 1.5 m. Adapting a weighting procedure based on the EM38 meter's response to depth, ECe values were condensed into a single weighted value. The weighted ECe values were linearly correlated with temperature-corrected ECa readings. Equations were designed for soils of various textures under varying temperature and moisture conditions. For accurate ECa to ECe conversions, soil temperature correction of ECa is essential. When a frozen layer is present, EM38 readings are unreliable. EM38 horizontal and vertical modes show different ECa readings for the same depth-weighted ECe. Variability of ECa to ECe conversion was greater on coarse-textured than medium- or fine-textured soils. Available soil moisture should be above 30% for accurate ECe determinations from ECa readings. Key words: Salinity methods, soil salinity, saturated paste extract method, electromagnetic inductance meters, soil temperature

Boreal mixedwood tree growth on contrasting soils and disturbance types

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Martin ◽  
Stith T Gower
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Mixedwood Forests ◽  
Increment Growth

Mixedwood forests are an ecologically and economically important ecosystem in the boreal forest of northern Canada. The objectives of this study were to (i) compare the age–height relationships for dominant tree species growing on two contrasting soil types and originating from different disturbances (logging versus wildfire), and (ii) determine the influence of competition on tree growth. Eight stands were selected that encompassed two age-classes replicated on two soil types (clay loam and sand) in a split-plot design. Four of the eight stands originated from logging (21–26 years old), and <F"Times">the four others originated from wildfires (80 years old). Nonlinear age–height analyses were used to compare annual height and radial increment growth of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Species, soil type, and size class explained significant amounts of the measured variation in the age–height models. Aspen, black spruce, and jack pine were 16%, 27%, and 19% taller, respectively, on clay soils than on sandy soils at the burned stand. Tree heights did not differ significantly among species or between soil types in logged stands. Diameter growth decreased as competition increased for black spruce and jack pine in the burned stands. The results for these three important boreal tree species are discussed in the context of sustainable forestry for boreal mixedwood forests.

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