INFLUENCE OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONDITIONS ON GROWTH PROTEIN PRODUCTION OF MANITOU AND TWO SEMIDWARF MEXICAN SPRING WHEATS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. MACK
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Three spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), Manitou, Pitic 62, and QK1-13, were grown in field plots containing a thermally controlled watercirculation system. The system provided two controlled root-zone temperatures (10 and 28 C) and one uncontrolled seasonal temperature (18 C), which represented mean summer soil temperatures of the Cryoboreal (8–15 C), the Mesic/Thermic (15–22/> 22 C), and the Boreal (15–18 C) climatic classes of the Canadian Soil Climatic Classification System. Three soil moisture conditions were characterized in terms of a soil moisture sufficiency index (SMI) levels were selected to correspond to the subclasses, Arid/Semiarid, Humid/Subhumid, and Perhumid. When temperature treatments were applied between emergence and the third-leaf stage of development, average yields from all treatments usually ranked with temperatures associated with the Cryoboreal > Boreal > Mesic/Thermic Classes. High soil temperature depressed the yields of the Mexican cultivars Pitic 62 and QK1-13 more than Manitou. Manitou appeared to tolerate a wider range in temperature than the Mexican cultivars, especially when seeded early (May). Yields of all cultivars were highest frequently under temperature and moisture conditions associated with the Cryoboreal and Boreal Subhumid classes. At these temperatures, yields were reduced markedly under Arid/Semiarid moisture conditions and depressed slightly under Perhumid moisture conditions. Grain yields were relatively low under the warm soils at all moisture conditions. In general, protein content was high under Arid conditions for all three temperatures. The protein content diminished with decreasing moisture stress under warm and cool temperatures. Thus, lowest protein concentration occurred under temperature and moisture conditions associated with the Cryoboreal Perhumid Class. Fertilizer (N + P + K) had greater effect at temperatures associated with cooler soils. Under all moisture and temperature conditions, Pitic 62 gave a much heavier root weight and a more fibrous root system than either Manitou or QK1-13.

Soil water relations and relative turgidity on leaves in the wheat crop

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
GD Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plant Moisture

Trials were conducted in 1961 and 1962 at Wagga in southern New South Wales to investigate the yield physiology of the wheat crop. Various cultural treatments were applied to a single variety (Heron). The increases in evapotranspiration and associated reductions in total soil moisture content caused by early sowing, by heavier fertilizer applications, and to a lesser extent by a heavier rate of sowing were reflected in an increased plant moisture stress (reduced leaf relative turgidity) at a given time in the spring. At a given stage of development, however, relative turgidity was not much affected by time of sowing, and in fact post-flowering plant moisture stress increased with later sowing. There were only small treatment effects on the estimated depth and density of rooting. Relatively little water was extracted by crops from below 40 in.; dense crops reduced the soil moisture content throughout the root zone to less than the –15 bar value. Leaf relative turgidity at sunrise showed a consistent inverse relationship to soil moisture content in the root zone. Leaf turgidity (sunrise) was maintained at 100% until root zone moisture levels approached the –15 bar value.

scholarly journals Calibration and Validation of a Low-Cost Capacitive Moisture Sensor to Integrate the Automated Soil Moisture Monitoring System

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekanayaka Achchillage Ayesha Dilrukshi Nagahage ◽  
Isura Sumeda Priyadarshana Nagahage ◽  
Takeshi Fujino
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Calibration Function ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Monitoring

Readily available moisture in the root zone is very important for optimum plant growth. The available techniques to determine soil moisture content have practical limitations owing to their high cost, dependence on labor, and time consumption. We have developed a prototype for automated soil moisture monitoring using a low-cost capacitive soil moisture sensor (SKU:SEN0193) for data acquisition, connected to the internet. A soil-specific calibration was performed to integrate the sensor with the automated soil moisture monitoring system. The accuracy of the soil moisture measurements was compared with those of a gravimetric method and a well-established soil moisture sensor (SM-200, Delta-T Devices Ltd, Cambridge, UK). The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the soil water contents obtained with the SKU:SEN0193 sensor function, the SM-200 manufacturer’s function, and the SM-200 soil-specific calibration function were 0.09, 0.07, and 0.06 cm3 cm−3, for samples in the dry to saturated range, and 0.05, 0.08, and 0.03 cm3 cm−3, for samples in the field capacity range. The repeatability of the measurements recorded with the developed calibration function support the potential use of the SKU:SEN0193 sensor to minimize the risk of soil moisture stress or excess water application.

Effects of soil moisture and temperature on seedling emergence from natural and pre-germinated onion seeds

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Finch-Savage
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Germinated Seeds

SummaryThe emergence of seedlings from natural, germinating and selected uniformlygerminated onion seeds was compared in a range of changing patterns of soil moisture. The timing, spread and amount of seedling emergence from seeds in all three treatments were affected by the timing of water availability in the seed bed and these effects differed between treatments.The rate of seedling emergence in all three treatments under non-limiting soil moisture conditions was correlated with mean temperature, but this relationship was obscured in irrigation treatments where water stress occurred. However, if the seed bed was moist at sowing irrespective of subsequent moisture stress the reciprocals of the time to the start, time to 50% and time to the end of seedling emergence from uniformly germinated seeds were correlated with mean temperature (r > 0·87, D.F. 27).The results show that if the seed bed is irrigated prior to sowing and soil moisture is maintained during the first 3 days following sowing high levels of seedling emergence with both predictable timing and uniformity can be achieved by sowing uniformlygerminated seeds. Seedling emergence from natural and germinating seeds was much less predictable.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BY WHEAT AND THE STAGE OF CROP DEVELOPMENT, BELLANI-PLATE EVAPORATION, AND SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Mean weekly evapotranspiration by spring wheat at Brandon, Man. (1955–1959) was dependent on the stage of development of the crop. It increased from 0.70 in. per week at the 3-leaf stage to 1.45 in. per week at the flowering stage and decreased to 0.60 in. per week as the crop reached maturity. Evapotranspiration was correlated positively with Bellani-plate evaporation when the soil was moist to the surface and correlated negatively when the surface soil was dry, but total soil moisture was greater than 50% of field capacity. When the soil moisture was less than 50% of field capacity evapotranspiration was not correlated with Bellani-plate evaporation. Evapotranspiration was correlated positively with total soil moisture plus rainfall. This emphasizes the importance of moisture stress in limiting evapotranspiration in a semi-arid region.

scholarly journals Assessment of performance of potato crop under modified microclimates in rice based cropping system of Upper Brahmaputra valley zone of Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
M. PANGING ◽  
P. NEOG ◽  
R. L. DEKA ◽  
K. MEDHI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Planting Dates

A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2017-18 in Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to identify appropriate adaptive strategies for combating ill effect of heat and moisture stress through modifying microclimate in rice-potato double cropping system. The potato variety – Kufri Jyoti was planted in split plot design with 3 dates starting from 10 November at 10 days interval (main plots) and three mulching treatments with water hyacinth, black polythene and without mulching (sub-plots) following recommended agronomic practices. The study revealed that there were 11.8 and 7.0 per cent increase in average soil moisture content under water hyacinth and black polythene, respectively as compared to non-mulched treatment. On the other hand, soil temperature was 0.5 to 1.5 °C (morning) and 1.1 to 2.3°C (evening) lower under water hyacinth, but 1.2 to 2.1°C (morning) and 1.7 to 2.6 (evening) higher underblack polythene as compared to non-mulched crop. In all planting dates, crop growth parameters like LAI and biomass production were observed to be highest under water hyacinth, followed by black polythene and without mulching. Among the mulching treatment the highest and lowest tuber yield was recorded under water hyacinth (120.81 q ha-1) and non-mulched treatment (85.0 q ha-1), respectively in all planting dates.It was found that the tuber yield was significantly and positively correlated (at 5% level) with theaverage soil moisture retention (mm) in upper 30 cm layer of soil during tuber formation to physiological maturity (r =77*). Increase in tuber yield (up to 42.2%) under water hyacintheven in case of late plantings (beyond 10 November) was probably due to increase insoil moisture retention (8.1 to 15.7 %) and reduction of soil temperature (1 to 1.8°C) under water hyacinthwhich endowed with favorablehydrothermal environment as compared to that under black polythene and non mulched treatment. 

The Influence of Soil Water Content on Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Interference in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Field studies were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to evaluate the stability of reciprocal interference relationships between common cocklebur and soybean under high and low soil moisture conditions. A significant soil moisture differential was established with portable rain exclusion shelters. Well-watered and drought-stressed common cocklebur reduced soybean yield 29 and 12%, respectively. Drought-stressed common cocklebur interfered with soybean over a shorter distance and the magnitude of the effect at a given distance was reduced. The reduced common cocklebur interference in drier soils was attributed to both common cocklebur and soybean growth responses to moisture stress. First, moisture stress caused greater reductions in common cocklebur canopy diameter, stem diameter, node number, and plant height than in soybean. Second, the soybean yield potential was reduced by moisture stress. The reduction in yield potential decreased the effect of the weed interference. Third, soybean canopy development was slowed, and canopy closure that occurred in about 12 weeks in well-watered soybeans never occurred in the moisture-stressed soybeans. This reduced the degree of light interference between both the common cocklebur and soybean and among the soybean plants. The results of this study indicate that the reciprocal interference relationships between common cocklebur and soybean are not stable across soil moisture conditions. The implications of unstable competitive parameters must be considered as threshold models are developed for various field crops.

Soybean (Glycine max) Response to AC 263,222 and Chlorimuron as Influenced by Soil Moisture

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Newsom ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Field experiments conducted in 1992 and 1993 evaluated differential response of 20 soybean cultivars to POST application of AC 263,222 or chlorimuron, as influenced by soil moisture. Natural rainfall was supplemented with overhead sprinkler irrigation to achieve three moisture regimes: excessive (12.5 cm/wk), optimum (5 cm/wk), and low (non-irrigated). Chlorimuron and AC 263,222 injured soybean. Excessive moisture did not increase soybean injury with chlorimuron for any of the cultivars tested compared to optimum moisture; however, 17 of 20 cultivars were injured more by AC 263,222 in combination with excessive moisture than optimum moisture. AC 263,222 reduced the height of five cultivars. Photosynthetic rate of several cultivars was reduced by both AC 263,222 and chlorimuron. Neither herbicide affected the number of nodes per main stem or seed weight; however, pod numbers were reduced for several cultivars with both herbicides. In the low moisture regime, AC 263,222 delayed the maturity of 18 of 20 cultivars with ‘Hutcheson’ maturity delayed 7.1 d. Excessive moisture when combined with AC 263,222 reduced yields for 12 cultivars, compared to five cultivars with chlorimuron. Under optimum moisture conditions, AC 263,222 reduced the yield of 10 cultivars, whereas chlorimuron reduced the yield of 9 cultivars. Low moisture stress only resulted in a yield reduction with 3 cultivars treated with AC 263,222.

CONVERSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTANCE READINGS TO SATURATED PASTE EXTRACT VALUES IN SOILS FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE, TEXTURE, AND MOISTURE CONDITIONS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. McKENZIE ◽  
W. CHOMISTEK ◽  
N. F. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Linear equations were developed for converting electromagnetic induction readings (ECa) from EM38 meters to saturated paste electrical conductivity values (ECc). To correlate EM38 readings with measured ECe values, field sites representing a range of salinity conditions were sampled in 0.30-m increments to a depth of 1.5 m. Adapting a weighting procedure based on the EM38 meter's response to depth, ECe values were condensed into a single weighted value. The weighted ECe values were linearly correlated with temperature-corrected ECa readings. Equations were designed for soils of various textures under varying temperature and moisture conditions. For accurate ECa to ECe conversions, soil temperature correction of ECa is essential. When a frozen layer is present, EM38 readings are unreliable. EM38 horizontal and vertical modes show different ECa readings for the same depth-weighted ECe. Variability of ECa to ECe conversion was greater on coarse-textured than medium- or fine-textured soils. Available soil moisture should be above 30% for accurate ECe determinations from ECa readings. Key words: Salinity methods, soil salinity, saturated paste extract method, electromagnetic inductance meters, soil temperature

Effects of madrone, chinkapin, and tanoak sprouts on light intensity, soil moisture, and soil temperature

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Minore
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Light, moisture, and temperature measurements beneath sprout clumps were compared with similar measurements outside the clumps on eight clear-cuttings in southwestern Oregon. Light intensity was higher beneath madrone than beneath tanoak or chinkapin. Soil moisture was higher beneath the clumps and soil temperature was lower than outside them during the cool moist summer of 1983. Soil temperature remained lower beneath the clumps during the warm dry summer of 1985, but moisture conditions were similar beneath and outside the clumps after the prolonged 1985 drought.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document