Effects of nitrogen source and season of application on the nutrition and growth of iodgepole pine

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Brockley
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer ◽  
Better Than

The effects of spring and fall applications of urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizer on the nutrition and growth of lodgepole pine (Pinusconforta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) were evaluated at three locations in the interior of British Columbia over a 6-year period. Ammonium nitrate was generally more effective at increasing 1st-year foliar nitrogen concentration than was urea, irrespective of season of application. Spring-applied ammonium nitrate was especially effective in increasing foliar nitrogen levels. Despite the apparent superiority of ammonium nitrate over urea in improving foliar nitrogen status, the basal area increment of fertilized trees in the three trials was not affected by nitrogen source. The effect of season of application on basal area increment was not consistent across all sites or between measurement periods. Spring-applied ammonium nitrate produced the smallest 0- to 3-year basal area and height increments in two of the trials. The negative effects of fertilization on foliar sulphur concentration may partially explain the poor basal area and height response following fertilization at one site and the relatively small response to spring-applied ammonium nitrate at another site. Because spring-applied ammonium nitrate is more effective at increasing foliar nitrogen concentration, it is most likely to create a nitrogen:sulphur imbalance, at least over the short term. Further studies are warranted to test the hypothesis that ammonium nitrate is better than urea at stimulating tree growth when accompanied by sulphur additions.

Effects of urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizer on growth of a young thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir stand

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Barclay ◽  
H. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer

The effects of two sources of nitrogen fertilizer applied at rates of 224 and 448 kg N/ha on growth of a thinned and unthinned 24-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand were studied. Ammonium nitrate yielded higher growth of diameter and volume than did urea over a 9-year period, particularly with thinning. Height growth was not affected by nitrogen source. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in terms of stem volume response per kilogram of nitrogen applied was greatest with ammonium nitrate in thinned plots. Tree mortality increased substantially with level of fertilization for both sources, and decreased markedly with thinning.

Optimum foliar nitrogen concentration in pine and its change with stand age

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh G. Miller ◽  
John D. Miller ◽  
Jean M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
The North ◽  
Volume Weight

Levels of nitrogen in foliage associated with optimum growth of pine were determined in two hydroponic experiments in the glasshouse and two forest fertilizer experiments each designed to cover the full response range for Pinusnigra var. maritima (Ait.) Melv. During the years prior to canopy closure optimum nitrogen concentrations declined with the logarithm of tree weight, falling from 3.3% in very young seedlings to 1.5% in forest trees of 2.0–2.5 m in height. After canopy closure the level increased to about 2.0%. At all stages the concentrations associated with maximum height growth were less than those for maximum volume, weight, or diameter increment. The relationships in the forest experiments, which are on sand dunes in the north of Scotland, could be improved by including factors of rainfall during the previous August and September and of temperature in June of the same year, but this did not alter the optima. It is concluded that for diagnostic purposes critical foliar nitrogen levels must be qualified by the age or developmental stage of the trees.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL GYPSUM ASSOCIATED WITH NITROGEN FERTILIZATION: AN APPROACH TO THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PASTURE AND SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
João Vitor Rodrigues Padovan ◽  
Gabriel Banos Rodrigues ◽  
Alan Dos Santos Cardoso ◽  
Hiago Augusto Amaral Sacco ◽  
João Leonardo Miranda Bellotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Pasture Area

Brazilian soil presents serious problems with plant production, due to its low fertility and high acidity content, besides that the toxicity caused by the chemical element aluminum. To overcome these problems, agricultural gypsum is used to neutralize the action of aluminum and, together with the assistance of nitrogen sources, ensures greater forage productivity. The objective of this work was to recover a pasture area with the application of agricultural gypsum associated with nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications, in a 2x4 factorial scheme with 50 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium nitrate and 50 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea, plus four doses of agricultural plaster, of which: 0; 750; 1500 and 3000 kg ha-1 in pasture installed in Urochloa humidicola. The dose of 1884 kg ha-1 of gypsum provided the highest concentration of calcium when applied in conjunction with ammonium nitrate. For sulfur, a linear response was observed, regardless of the nitrogen source used. The use of urea significantly increased the nitrogen levels in the leaves. The application of gypsum, regardless of the nitrogen source, provided a linear response in the calcium and sulfur levels in the leaves.

The use of faecal nitrogen as an index for estimating the consumption of herbage by grazing animals

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Arnold ◽  
M. L. Dudzinski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Regression Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Data from thirty-five digestibility trials with sheep in metabolism cages were used to investigate statistically the relationships between organic matter intake (I), faecal organic matter output (F), and the nitrogen concentration in faecal organic matter (N).The data fell easily into groups due to botanical or seasonal differences in the feed. These groups of data were homogeneous and provided highly significant linear equations of the forms I = bF + cFN and I = a + cFN. When compared these groups of data sometimes showed differences in slope, position or both. A quadratic expressionI = bF + cFN + dFN2was found to accommodate a majority of the data but to be less precise than I = a + cFN.A further expression incorporating N as an independent variable was also examined,I = a + cFN2 + eN.This expression, although far from being universally adequate, proved to be generally better than existing formulae. When applied to the data of Greenhalgh et. al. (1960), it substantially reduced heterogeneity between data for spring and data for summer pastures.Causes of variation in the relationship between organic-matter intake and nitrogen in faeces, and some of the hazards of extrapolation from empirical regression relations, are discussed.

Early growth of lodgepole pine after establishment of alsike clover–Rhizobium nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Trowbridge ◽  
F.B. Holl
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Needle Mass

An overdense lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.) stand was knocked down and the site was prepared by broadcast burn, windrow burn, or mechanical forest floor removal. Inoculated alsike clover (Trifoliumhybridum L.) was seeded at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha for the three different site preparation treatments to determine the effects of (i) site preparation on infection and effectiveness of the clover–Rhizobium symbiosis and clover percent cover and (ii) the clover–Rhizobium N2-fixing symbiosis on survival, early growth, and foliar nitrogen concentration of lodgepole pine seedlings. The N2-fixing symbiosis established well in all treatments. Clover percent cover increased with increasing rate of seeding, although by relatively few percent in the clover seeded plots. Broadcast burning, windrow burning, and mechanical forest floor removal did not affect the establishment of the N2-fixing symbiosis or clover percent cover. Lodgepole pine survival was not affected by the seeding treatments in any year, nor were height measurements during the first three growing seasons. Seedling height was slightly less in clover-seeded plots compared with controls in the fourth growing season. Lodgepole pine seedlings on clover-seeded plots had decreased diameter growth compared with controls during the first three growing seasons, but incremental diameter growth no longer showed this effect by the fourth growing season. Needle mass (g/100 needles) was less in clover-seeded plots at the end of the second growing season, but this effect was reversed by the fourth growing season, when both needle mass and foliar nitrogen concentration in lodgepole pine foliage were greater in clover-seeded plots.

INORGANIC NITROGEN LEVELS AND NITRIFICATION POTENTIAL IN LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY SOILS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARD J. EATON ◽  
DAVID G. PATRIQUIN
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Soil ammonium and nitrate in the top 15 cm of soil were monitored after application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate to plots at 14 PF (previously fertilized) and 12 NF (never fertilized) lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) stands representing a range of soil types and management histories. Overall, nitrate values in unfertilized and ammonium sulfate plots were higher at PF than at NF sites, suggesting greater nitrification at PF sites. In laboratory incubation studies, nitrification proceeded immediately in soil from a PF site, but only after a 4-wk lag in that from an adjacent NF site. Nitrification rates were low compared to that in a garden soil (pH 6.6). N-Serve inhibited nitrification in both soils. In ammonium nitrate plots, "excess" N values (N values in fertilized plots minus values in unfertilized plots) were higher for PF than for NF sites, suggesting greater immobilization, plant uptake or loss of N at NF sites. There was no evidence, in laboratory studies, of immobilization of added N by soil from either type of site. Rhizome N concentration increased significantly in response to fertilization at an NF site, but not at a PF site. Key words: Blueberry (lowbush), fertilizer and soil nitrogen

scholarly journals Zuwachs und Klimasensitivität von Baumarten im Ökogramm der kollinen und submontanen Stufe

2015 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Weber ◽  
Caroline Heiri ◽  
Mathieu Lévesque ◽  
Tanja Sanders ◽  
Volodymyr Trotsiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Mean Sensitivity

Growth potential and climate sensitivity of tree species in the ecogram for the colline and submontane zone In forestry practice a large amount of empirical knowledge exists about the productivity of individual tree species in relation to site properties. However, so far, only few scientific studies have investigated the influence of soil properties on the growth potential of various tree species along gradients of soil water as well as nutrient availability. Thus, there is a research gap to estimate the productivity and climate sensitivity of tree species under climate change, especially regarding productive sites and forest ad-mixtures in the lower elevations. Using what we call a «growth ecogram», we demonstrate species- and site-specific patterns of mean annual basal area increment and mean sensitivity of ring width (strength of year-to-year variation) for Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., Fraxinus excelsior, Picea abies, Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris, based on tree-ring data from 508 (co-)dominant trees on 27 locations. For beech, annual basal area increment ( average 1957–2006) was significantly correlated with tree height of the dominant sampling trees and proved itself as a possible alternative for assessing site quality. The fact that dominant trees of the different tree species showed partly similar growth potential within the same ecotype indicates comparable growth limitation by site conditions. Mean sensitivity of ring width – a measure of climate sensitivity – had decreased for oak and ash, while it had increased in pine. Beech showed diverging reactions with increasing sensitivity at productive sites (as measured by the C:N ratio of the topsoil), suggesting an increasing limitation by climate at these sites. Hence, we derive an important role of soil properties in the response of forests to climate change at lower elevations, which should be taken into account when estimating future forest productivity.

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