Variations in the inorganic composition of inner bark and needles of loblolly pine with tree height and soil series

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry D. White ◽  
Carol G. Wells ◽  
Edgar W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Inorganic Composition

A survey was made of the concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu in inner bark and needles of loblolly pines and the soils in which they grew. Concentrations of K, Al, and Mn in inner bark differed significantly with plots on four soils. However, needle samples seemed to reflect differences in the nutrient status of the soil more readily. Concentrations of N, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, and Zn in inner bark showed statistically significant variation with height of sample on the trunk. Correlations between concentrations of N, K, Ca, Al, and Mn in inner bark and needles on the same tree were significant.

Fluctuations in the inorganic constituents of inner bark of loblolly pine with season and soil series

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry D. White ◽  
L. T. Alexander ◽  
E. W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Inorganic Constituents

The concentrations of K, Ca, N, Mg, P, Al, Mn, Na, Zn, Fe, Cu, ash, and H2O in the inner bark of mature loblolly pines growing on three soil series were determined over a 1-year period. Concentrations of ash, H2O, Ca, Al, Mn, and Fe differed significantly among the trees on the three soil types. Most elements reached maximum concentrations in the fall and minimum concentrations in the spring. Ash, H2O, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Fe showed significant seasonal fluctuations. Because spring is a period of rapid transitions, late summer seems the most stable period in which to sample tissues from inner bark.

Effect of vegetative competition on the moisture and nutrient status of loblolly pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Carter ◽  
J. H. Miller ◽  
D. E. Davis ◽  
R. M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

A field study examined the effects of competing vegetation on the moisture and nutrient status of 5-year-old loblolly pines (Pinustaeda L.). Similar experiments were conducted on a Piedmont site and a Coastal Plain site using individual pines as experimental units. Predawn measurements of xylem pressure potential were made using detached needle fascicles, and nutrient concentrations in soil and foliage samples were determined monthly. This study was conducted during the 3rd year of a relatively dry 3-year period. On the Piedmont site, elimination of all competing vegetation within 1.5 m of the pines significantly lowered moisture stress when compared with the no-elimination treatment; on the Coastal Plainee site, differences were significant on only half of the assay dates. Removing only arborescent vegetation on the Piedmont site reduced pine water stress one-half as much as removing all vegetation, but on the Coastal Plain site this reduction was about two-thirds of that found following removal of all vegetation. As drought length increased, stress increased, regardless of treatment. Higher levels of competing vegetation significantly reduced available potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese concentrations in the loamy sand of the Coastal Plain site, but only potassium was reduced on the Piedmont. None of the treatments significantly affected foliar nutrients at either site.

The relationship of tree height and crown class to the induced plant defenses of loblolly pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2090-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine ◽  
F. M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., were inoculated with a fungus associated with the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., at three heights to determine whether the trees responded to infection differently at each height. Loblolly pines responded to inoculation of this fungus by producing lesions of various dimensions. These were dissected and weighed. Lesions had the same weight at all three heights up the stem. However, the extent (or intensity) of reaction to fungal infection and wounding varied as a function of crown class of the tree. The influence of site quality on induced defenses may be assessed using this technique.

scholarly journals Predicting Response of Southeast Texas Loblolly Pine to Fertilization

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregoire Ngono ◽  
R.F. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Vector Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Southeast Texas ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Soil Groups

Abstract The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), vector analysis, and critical level approaches are diagnostic tools commonly used for assessing nutrient status of trees by foliar analysis. This study evaluated the relative merits of the three approaches for identifying N and P deficiencies in stands of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in southeast Texas. Only 25% of the time did all three approaches select the same stands as N deficient, and only once did they agree that a stand was N sufficient. The three approaches agreed 25% of the time that stands were P deficient and 13% of the time that stands were P sufficient. No method was universally accurate in predicting response across soil groups. The critical level approach proved best for identifying all responsive sites, and it would be useful if the cost of fertilization was deemed low in comparison with the cost of lost growth when responsive sites are not fertilized. The DRIS approach failed to identify some responsive sites, but a high proportion of the sites it predicted would respond, did respond. It would be useful if the cost of fertilization were deemed high in comparison with the cost of lost growth when responsive sites are not fertilized. The vector analysis approach proved most useful because of its ability to predict response to N and P when added together. Soil group alone was a reasonable predictor of response to fertilization. South. J. Appl. For. 25(2):84–87.

Growth and wood properties of genetically improved loblolly pine: propagation type comparison and genetic parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finto Antony ◽  
Laurence R. Schimleck ◽  
Lewis Jordan ◽  
Benjamin Hornsby ◽  
Joseph Dahlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Clonal Lines

The use of clonal varieties in forestry offers great potential to improve growth traits (quantity) and wood properties (quality) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Loblolly pine trees established via somatic embryogenesis (clones), full-sib zygotic crosses, and half-sib zygotic open-pollinated families were sampled to identify variation in growth and wood properties among and within clonal lines and zygotic controls. Increment cores 5 mm in diameter were collected at age 4 from a total of 2615 trees. Growth properties (diameter at 1.4 m and total tree height) and wood properties (whole-core density, latewood and earlywood density, and latewood percent) were measured for each tree sampled in the study. Overall, growth properties were better for full-sib seedling than for clonal lines, whereas wood density was higher for clonal lines than full-sib and open-pollinated seedlings. However, there were clonal lines with better growth and higher wood density. Clonal repeatability of both growth and wood properties across sampled sites and genetic correlations between growth and wood traits were determined, with higher repeatability observed for wood traits compared with growth traits. Significant genetic correlations were observed for tree height and wood properties, whereas weak correlations were observed for diameter and wood properties.

scholarly journals Survival of Longleaf and Loblolly Pines Planted at Two Spacings in an East Texas Bahiagrass Silvopasture

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Brian P. Oswald ◽  
Kenneth W. Farrish ◽  
Micah-John Beierle
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Loblolly Pines

Abstract The practice of combining intensive timber and forage production on the same site, a silvopasture system, offers landowners the potential for diversification of income. The establishment of such a system in a pasture setting offers unique challenges compared with traditional timber or forage systems. In 2003, a silvopasture demonstration was established south of Carthage, Texas, in a pasture dominated by bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). Four replications of treatments composed of open pasture, longleaf (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (Pinus taeda) pine planted at a traditional spacing, and longleaf and loblolly pine planted at a silvopasture spacing were established. Due to high mortality rates, replanting of trees occurred in 2004 and 2005. Third-year seedling survival was highest for loblolly pine in both planting systems, and forage production levels did not significantly differ among treatments. Wild hog damage contributed to the low longleaf pine seedling survival rates.

scholarly journals Comparison of Planted Loblolly and Slash Pine Performance in Southeast Texas

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Lenhart ◽  
Gary D. Kronrad ◽  
Michael S. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Southeast Texas ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract The performance of young (less than 10 yr) loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine trees was compared on planted sites in southeast Texas. Performance was compared for: total tree height; tree diameter; height to live tree crown; tree volume index,; incidenceof fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme); crookedness of stems; and survival rates. For these young trees, slash pine tended to perform better in southeast Texas than loblolly pine in total tree height, tree diameter, stem size, height to first livebranch and stem straightness. However, loblolly pine was less susceptible to fusiform rust than slash pine, and its mortality rate was lower than slash pine. However, based on the performance of these young plantations, a recommendation on the preferred pine species to plant in southeast Texasmight be premature. South. J. Appl. For. 17(1):26-31.

Wound response of loblolly and shortleaf pine attacked or reattacked by Dendroctonusfrontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) or its fungal associate, Ceratocystisminor (Hedgecock) Hunt

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Cook ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Monoterpene Composition ◽  
Fungal Associate

Loblolly, Pinustaeda L., and shortleaf, Pinusechinata Mill., pines respond to attack by the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonusfrontalis Zimmermann, or invasion by the SPB fungal associate, Ceratocystisminor (Hedgecock) Hunt, by forming a necrotic lesion around the wound site. This response was compared between trees that had no known prior experience with SPB or C. minor (naive trees) and trees that had been exposed to SPB or C. minor the previous year (experienced trees). No significant differences were observed in the average length of the lesions between experienced and naive trees in either pine species. However, the experienced loblolly pines had higher concentrations of inner bark monoterpenes than did the naive loblolly pines and the experienced shortleaf pines had a significantly different inner bark monoterpene composition compared with naive shortleaf pines during the June sample period. The monoterpene composition in unwounded tissue of experienced shortleaf pine closely resembled the observed monoterpene composition of lesion tissue at this time. The observed differences in inner bark monoterpenes following fungal or beetle exposure could render the trees less susceptible to later bark beetle attack for a period of time following the initial exposure.

Response of Newly Planted Loblolly Pines to Herbicide and Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. McKee ◽  
Larry P. Wilhite
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Abstract In three separate studies on the Lower Atlantic Coastal Plain, sites were sheared, root-raked, and bedded, and phosphorus was applied. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were planted, and nitrogen fertilizer and preemergence herbicide were applied at several different times. In all three studies, loblolly pine responded positively in height, diameter, and aboveground biomass to herbicide applied in the spring following planting. Responses to nitrogen application were inconsistent. A pronounced increase in growth was found in only one study. There, a nitrogen and a herbicide treatment interacted to give a three-fold increase in aboveground seedling biomass after one growing season. The lack of response to nitrogen in the other two studies may be attributable to low rainfall in the spring after planting and mineralization of native nitrogen from soil organic matter. South. J. Appl. For. 12(1):33-36.

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