Growth patterns in a young western hemlock plantation infested with dwarf mistletoe

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 972-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
R. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Individual Trees

Relative height and diameter values of 22-year-old western hemlock trees (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) were normally distributed, with a constant standard deviation from year to year. Ranking of individual trees in the distribution changed with time, presumably because the root systems encountered successively more favourable or unfavourable microsites. Competition effects were detectable on height and diameter at breast height (dbh), although these effects were considerably masked by the microsite effect. Dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumtsugense (Rosendahl) G. N. Jones) effects were detectable on height growth, but not dbh growth. Height increment in a particular year varied in a pattern similar to February precipitation, while diameter increment varied in a pattern similar to March–May precipitation. This may account for the observation that the degree of correlation of height and diameter increments in a particular year varied from low to high.

The Rate of Upward Advance and Intensification of Dwarf Mistletoe on Immature Western Hemlock

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Richardson ◽  
B. J. van der Kamp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dense Stand ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Crown Closure

The rate of upward advance and intensification of dwarf mistletoe on immature coastal western hemlock were determined by reconstructing the infection history of individual trees from data on age, height above ground, and sex of mistletoe infections present at the time of observation. The vertical rate of spread was 30 ± 4 cm/year in a dense stand (750 trees per hectare, 19 m in height) and 65 ± 4 cm/year in an open stand (250 trees per hectare, 26 m in height). This compares with height growth of the trees of 33 and 58 cm/year in the two stands, respectively. The number of new infections per year increased logarithmically with time, doubling roughly every 4 years. An asymtotic stabilization of the rate of intensification over the last 6 years probably reflects crown closure. The results suggest that dwarf mistletoe may not be a serious threat to thrifty, immature, dense, coastal hemlock stands in southern British Columbia, unless such stands are overtopped by infected residual trees.

scholarly journals Height Growth Pattern of Lodgepole Pine in Relation to Natural Subregions in Alberta

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Shongming Huang ◽  
David J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Variable Site

Abstract Based on the provincial stem analysis and permanent sample plot (PSP) data of 1,580 felled dominant and codominant trees, height growth patterns of lodgepole pine were compared among the three major natural subregions [Sub-Alpine (SAL), Upper Foothills (UFH), and Lower Foothills (LFH)] in Alberta. The comparison used the ratio of heights at 70 and 30 years of breast height age (Z ratio) as a quantitative measure of height growth pattern (i.e., the response variable), site index (height at breast height age of 50 years) as the covariate, and natural subregion as the factor. Results indicated that: (1) the height growth pattern in the SAL natural subregion was significantly different from other natural subregions; and (2) no significant differences in height growth pattern were found between other natural subregions. Two polymorphic height and site index curves were developed: one for the SAL natural subregion and the other for the UFH and LFH natural subregions. Comparisons between the two curves and the previously developed provincial curve indicated that, for the same site index, trees in the SAL subregion grow consistently slower after 50 years. When the provincial height and site index curve was applied to the SAL natural subregion, large differences (≤14%) in gross volume estimation were found. However, volume estimation differences were very small (<2%) when the provincial curve was applied to the other two natural subregions. It is recommended that the natural subregion-based curves should be used for predicting lodgepole pine site index or height at any age in the SAL natural subregion. West. J. Appl. For. 19(3):154–159.

Polymorphic site index curves for jack pine in Northern Ontario

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard H. Carmean ◽  
G. Hazenberg ◽  
G. P. Niznowski
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The North

Stem-analysis data from dominant and codominant trees were collected from 383 plots located in fully stocked, even-aged, undisturbed mature jack pine stands. Separate site index curves were independently formulated for four regions of northern Ontario using the Newnham constrained nonlinear regression model; these formulations were used for comparing regional site index curves at three levels of site index (10 m, 15 m and 20 m).Comparisons showed that no significant differences existed between the four regional curves as well as with previously published site index curves for the North Central Region. Each of the four regions had similar polymorphic height-growth patterns; therefore, data for the four regions were combined and a single formulation was used to develop a polymorphic set of site index curves for all of northern Ontario. We found that poor sites in each region had almost linear height growth up to 100 years breast-height age, but for each region height growth became more curvilinear with increasing site index. The recommended site index curves for northern Ontario are based on a formulation using only data from plots 100 years and less but this formulation was not significantly different from a formulation using only data from plots 80 years and less, or a formulation that included all data from plots older than 100 years breast-height age.Comparisons were made between our northern Ontario curves and other jack pine site index curves for Ontario as well as curves for other areas of Canada and the United States. These comparisons generally showed considerable older age differences. Reasons for these differences are uncertain but could be due to differences in the amount and kind of data used for these other curves, could be due to differences in analytical methods, or could be due to regional differences in climate, soil and topography. Key words: site quality evaluation, polymorphic height growth, regional site index curves, site index prediction equations, comparisons among site index curves.

Modeling density-related Iodgepole pine height growth, using Czarnowski's stand dynamics theory

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2499-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Cieszewski ◽  
I.E. Bella
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Variable Site

This paper presents a new density-dependent height-growth model for lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm.) in Alberta. It predicts stand top height growth as a function of present top height, breast height age, and density. The model is an extension of Czarnowski's stand dynamics theory, using an iterative height increment model with variable site and density components. Using 946 annual growth periods from permanent sample plots, the calibration shows a good fit and simulates reasonable values, even beyond the database.

Growth patterns in immature and mature western hemlock stands infected with dwarf mistletoe

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
R. B. Smith ◽  
R. I. Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Infected Tree ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Growth Loss

Growth patterns of western hemlock, Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. infected with dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobiumtsugense (Rosendahl) G. N. Jones, were studied by stem analysis. The volume increment versus age relationships of average trees were used to project growth and evaluate volume losses. Based on a particular assumption of growth loss ratios between infection classes, volume losses in moderately and severely infected trees by the age of 80 years were conservatively estimated at 15 and 25%, respectively, with respect to comparable healthy trees. As these estimates were based on projection of growth curves of average trees, confidence intervals were not calculated. Healthy trees selected from a different part of the stand generally exhibited patterns of establishment and early growth which differed from the infected trees to an extent which invalidated their use as controls for infected tree growth. Moderately infected trees were more comparable to severely infected trees from the same part of the stand. The variety of growth patterns within stands is discussed in relation to the use of the stand as a sampling unit.

Comparison of indicator variables for estimating growth reduction associated with Phellinusweirii root rot in Douglas-fir plantations

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg ◽  
G. W. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Increment Ratio

Total height, annual height increment, annual diameter at breast height (dbh) increment, ratio of total height to dbh, and ratio of annual height increment to annual dbh increment were assessed as indicator variables for estimating growth reduction associated with Phellinusweirii root rot of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii). Generally, height variables were more sensitive indicators than dbh. Total height by 2-cm-dbh classes, ratio of total height to dbh, and ratio of annual height increment to annual dbh increment were more sensitive and less variable than the other indicators. Ratio of total height to dbh was a more consistent and sensitive indicator of growth reduction than all other variables. Application of this ratio in estimating height growth reduction in three plantations indicated reductions in infected trees of 1 to 8 m over periods of 2 to 24 years, averaging 0.9 to 1.7% annually.

PATTERNS IN GROWTH OF EARLYWOOD, LATEWOOD, AND PERCENTAGE LATEWOOD DETERMINED BY COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF 18 DOUGLAS-FIR TREES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. G. Smith ◽  
L. Heger ◽  
J. Hejjas
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Breast Height

Widths of earlywood and latewood in each annual ring, measured on an average radius on a disk taken halfway between each branch whorl, were analyzed to define their variation in 18 Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Distribution of ring width and percentage latewood also was investigated in these trees which had from 20 to 50 whorls above stump height. Multiple regression and correlation analyses showed that number of rings from pith, and its reciprocal, square, or logarithm accounted for most of the variation in radial growth. Number of rings from pith influenced thickness of both earlywood and latewood much more than the climatic differences reflected by variations in annual height growth and in widths of earlywood and latewood formed at breast height in the same calendar year. Since earlywood and latewood are distributed differently and controlled by different factors, they should be studied separately within annual rings. The statistical methods used in this study provide a simple, efficient, and comprehensive basis for thoroughly describing growth patterns, and for objectively analyzing factors that govern growth.

scholarly journals Effect of Leader Clipping on Height Growth of Young Coastal Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Reduced Height

Abstract Leaders of 3- through 7-yr-old Douglas-fir seedlings were left unclipped or were clipped for 1 to 4 consecutive years. Terminal removal reduced height increment in a significantly linear fashion and was about 19 cm for each year clipped. All treatments had comparable height increment in the 4 yr after clipping, and the initial depressing effect on height was still present at age 23. Diameter increment was reduced but not significantly. West. J. Appl. For. 17(2):75–77

Compatible diameter and height increment models for lodgepole pine, trembling aspen, and white spruce

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thompson K. Nunifu
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Diameter Increment

In this study, compatible height and diameter increment models were fitted for lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.), and white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), using the relationship between diameter and height growth. It was assumed that tree diameter increment is directly proportional to height increment, and the proportionality constant is a function of competition and site productivity. The results showed that the fit statistics are comparable with results of other studies, with adjusted R2 ranging from 30% to 50%. A validation test of the models, using independent permanent sample plots data, showed that the short-term predictions of the models for both pure and mixedwood stands are fairly unbiased. The models also gave reasonable average height growth and diameter growth trajectories for pure stands of the three species and also projected long-term mixedwood (aspen – white spruce mixture) volume growth dynamics reasonably well. The models also projected reasonably well (i) the effect of increasing initial stem density on average diameter and height, and (ii) the stand volume compared with an older version the Mixedwood Growth Model (ver. 2000A). It was concluded that explicitly linking tree height and diameter increment models does not only have a solid ecological basis, but it also results in a compatible prediction of tree growth and stand dynamics.

Patterns in height-diameter relationships for selected tree species and sites in eastern Texas

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Two Parameter

Relationships between tree height and diameter at breast height were described for 15 species across a range of sites in eastern Texas using a two-parameter equation. Maximum height varied significantly from site to site within a species, but the ratio of initial slope to maximum height was generally constant. Sites favoring tall trees of one species tended to favor tall trees of all species, especially among species found in the overstory. The greatest rates of height growth for a given diameter at breast height increment were found among some midstory and understory species.

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