Comparison of indicator variables for estimating growth reduction associated with Phellinusweirii root rot in Douglas-fir plantations

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bloomberg ◽  
G. W. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Increment Ratio

Total height, annual height increment, annual diameter at breast height (dbh) increment, ratio of total height to dbh, and ratio of annual height increment to annual dbh increment were assessed as indicator variables for estimating growth reduction associated with Phellinusweirii root rot of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii). Generally, height variables were more sensitive indicators than dbh. Total height by 2-cm-dbh classes, ratio of total height to dbh, and ratio of annual height increment to annual dbh increment were more sensitive and less variable than the other indicators. Ratio of total height to dbh was a more consistent and sensitive indicator of growth reduction than all other variables. Application of this ratio in estimating height growth reduction in three plantations indicated reductions in infected trees of 1 to 8 m over periods of 2 to 24 years, averaging 0.9 to 1.7% annually.

scholarly journals Height Growth Pattern of Lodgepole Pine in Relation to Natural Subregions in Alberta

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Shongming Huang ◽  
David J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Variable Site

Abstract Based on the provincial stem analysis and permanent sample plot (PSP) data of 1,580 felled dominant and codominant trees, height growth patterns of lodgepole pine were compared among the three major natural subregions [Sub-Alpine (SAL), Upper Foothills (UFH), and Lower Foothills (LFH)] in Alberta. The comparison used the ratio of heights at 70 and 30 years of breast height age (Z ratio) as a quantitative measure of height growth pattern (i.e., the response variable), site index (height at breast height age of 50 years) as the covariate, and natural subregion as the factor. Results indicated that: (1) the height growth pattern in the SAL natural subregion was significantly different from other natural subregions; and (2) no significant differences in height growth pattern were found between other natural subregions. Two polymorphic height and site index curves were developed: one for the SAL natural subregion and the other for the UFH and LFH natural subregions. Comparisons between the two curves and the previously developed provincial curve indicated that, for the same site index, trees in the SAL subregion grow consistently slower after 50 years. When the provincial height and site index curve was applied to the SAL natural subregion, large differences (≤14%) in gross volume estimation were found. However, volume estimation differences were very small (<2%) when the provincial curve was applied to the other two natural subregions. It is recommended that the natural subregion-based curves should be used for predicting lodgepole pine site index or height at any age in the SAL natural subregion. West. J. Appl. For. 19(3):154–159.

Modeling density-related Iodgepole pine height growth, using Czarnowski's stand dynamics theory

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2499-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Cieszewski ◽  
I.E. Bella
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Variable Site

This paper presents a new density-dependent height-growth model for lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelm.) in Alberta. It predicts stand top height growth as a function of present top height, breast height age, and density. The model is an extension of Czarnowski's stand dynamics theory, using an iterative height increment model with variable site and density components. Using 946 annual growth periods from permanent sample plots, the calibration shows a good fit and simulates reasonable values, even beyond the database.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ROOT ROT AND FROST DAMAGE IN SOME DOUGLAS FIR PLANTATIONS

1963 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Foster ◽  
A. L. S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Appreciable Reduction

Evaluations are made of the significance of root rot and frost damage evident in five 16- to 18-year-old Douglas fir plantations. Assuming that all affected trees die, two effects of mortality are considered, one beneficial in that it eliminates trees restricting the growth of neighboring trees, and the other detrimental in that it creates stand openings large enough to support a crop tree. Most of the mortality was of the former class, and there was no evidence that the stand openings created would effect any appreciable reduction in future yield from the area examined.

scholarly journals Laminated Root Rot and Fumigant Injection Affect Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
Walter G. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tree Survival

Abstract Laminated root rot caused by Phellinus weirii is a significant disease of western conifers; it is important to understand the effects of the disease on tree growth and survival and, for some management objectives, to develop treatments that will reduce those effects. This study was conducted in a 47-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stand in northwest Oregon. First, we evaluated the effects of root system infection on diameter and height growth. Growth rates were lowest in trees with high infection levels; root infection level affected diameter growth more than height growth. Second, we evaluated the effects of fumigation treatments on tree growth. The nine treatments were as follows: three dosages of methylisothiocyanate (MITC), four dosages of chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane), one dosage of Vorlex [20% MITC, 80% chlorinated C3 hydrocarbons (v/v)], and a control. The fumigants were applied by inserting them into holes drilled into the base of live trees. After nine growing seasons, all three of the treatments applying different dosages of MITC and the treatment applying the lowest dosage of chloropicrin had higher tree survival rates than the untreated control, and the growth rates in those four fumigation treatments were not significantly different from growth in the surviving control trees.

Constructing models for direct prediction of 5-year crown recession in southwestern Oregon Douglas-fir

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
David W. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Multiplicative Model ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Recession Rates ◽  
Factor Data

Crown recession rates were estimated by branch mortality dating on 357 sectioned Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stems from temporary plots. Numerous nonlinear, logarithmic, and gamma-theory generalized linear models were developed for predicting 5-year crown recession across a range in tree, stand, and site conditions. Residual analyses and indices of fit demonstrated that a multiplicative model with lognormal errors was the most appropriate model form. The recommended logarithmic model predicts crown recession from current crown ratio, total height, breast height age, height growth, and crown competition factor. Data from southwestern Oregon indicate that within a given stand, trees with midsized crown ratios experience the most rapid crown recession.

Equations for predicting sapwood area at crown base in southwestern Oregon Douglas-fir

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
David W. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Taper Models

Two basic taper models were analyzed for their ability to predict sapwood area at crown base. Sapwood areas were estimated on stem cross sections by measuring sapwood radii on the longest and perpendicular to longest axes and by assuming conformity to an ellipse. These data were collected on 2 to 14 points along the stems of 72 Douglas-fir trees in southwestern Oregon. Across the range in diameter at breast height, total height, and height to crown base, quadratic–quadratic segmented polynomials (T. A. Max and H. E. Burkhart. 1976. For. Sci. 25: 283–289) provided more consistent monotonie taper from breast height to crown base than F. A. Bennett and B. F. Swindel models (1972. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note SE-179). A model for predicting breast height sapwood area from only diameter at breast height, total height, and height to crown base is also presented.

Growth patterns in a young western hemlock plantation infested with dwarf mistletoe

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 972-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
R. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Individual Trees

Relative height and diameter values of 22-year-old western hemlock trees (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) were normally distributed, with a constant standard deviation from year to year. Ranking of individual trees in the distribution changed with time, presumably because the root systems encountered successively more favourable or unfavourable microsites. Competition effects were detectable on height and diameter at breast height (dbh), although these effects were considerably masked by the microsite effect. Dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumtsugense (Rosendahl) G. N. Jones) effects were detectable on height growth, but not dbh growth. Height increment in a particular year varied in a pattern similar to February precipitation, while diameter increment varied in a pattern similar to March–May precipitation. This may account for the observation that the degree of correlation of height and diameter increments in a particular year varied from low to high.

Removal of stumps from a Phellinusweirii infested site and fertilization affect mortality and growth of planted Douglas-fir

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Thies ◽  
Earl E. Nelson ◽  
Darlene Zabowski
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
The West ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

A 2 × 4 set of factorial treatments of stump removal in combination with nitrogen fertilization was applied to 0.04-ha circular plots within a clearcut on the west slope of the Cascade Range (44°21′N, 122°39′W). Treatments included stump removal (either all stumps removed or the plot left undisturbed) and broadcast fertilization with ammonium nitrate (0, 336, 672, or 1345 kg N•ha−1). Diameter at breast height and height of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings, planted 4 months after treatment, were recorded five and nine seasons after outplanting. Soil bulk density in the upper 20 cm was measured with a single-probe neutron densimeter. Stump removal reduced the number of seedlings killed by laminated root rot (Phellinusweirii (Murr.) Gilb.) but had no significant effect on seedling growth. Stump removal increased soil bulk density only 7% as measured 9.7 years after treatment. Fertilization increased the growth in diameter at breast height, and height growth of the seedlings. Elevated total soil nitrogen could still be detected on fertilized, nonstumped plots 9.7 years after treatment.

PATTERNS IN GROWTH OF EARLYWOOD, LATEWOOD, AND PERCENTAGE LATEWOOD DETERMINED BY COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF 18 DOUGLAS-FIR TREES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. G. Smith ◽  
L. Heger ◽  
J. Hejjas
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Breast Height

Widths of earlywood and latewood in each annual ring, measured on an average radius on a disk taken halfway between each branch whorl, were analyzed to define their variation in 18 Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Distribution of ring width and percentage latewood also was investigated in these trees which had from 20 to 50 whorls above stump height. Multiple regression and correlation analyses showed that number of rings from pith, and its reciprocal, square, or logarithm accounted for most of the variation in radial growth. Number of rings from pith influenced thickness of both earlywood and latewood much more than the climatic differences reflected by variations in annual height growth and in widths of earlywood and latewood formed at breast height in the same calendar year. Since earlywood and latewood are distributed differently and controlled by different factors, they should be studied separately within annual rings. The statistical methods used in this study provide a simple, efficient, and comprehensive basis for thoroughly describing growth patterns, and for objectively analyzing factors that govern growth.

Assessing the Accuracy of a Sectional Pole, Haga Altimeter, and Alti-Level for Determining Total Height of Young Coniferous Stands

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Bell ◽  
Robert Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Total Height

Abstract The total heights of 35 Douglas-fir trees [Pseudo tsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] were measured with a sectional measuring pole, a Haga altimeter, and an alti-level. After the trees were measured by all three methods, they were felled and carefully measured. The sectional pole proved significantly more accurate than the alti-level, which was more accurate than the Haga altimeter. Because the sectional pole was only slightly slower to use than the other two indirect methods, it should be useful for inventory or research work.

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