Survival and growth of outplanted Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Bledsoe ◽  
K. Tennyson ◽  
W. Lopushinsky
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Eastern Washington

Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were outplanted on dry, burned-over sites in eastern Washington. Prior inoculation of seedlings did not significantly increase survival or height growth, but biomass increment during the first growing season was substantially reduced. New roots of all seedlings became colonized by native mycorrhizal fungi within 5 months after planting.

Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir Seedlings with Spot-Spraying, Mulching and Root-Dipping

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsiung Tung ◽  
Jim Batdorff ◽  
David R. DeYoe
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract Two vegetation management methods, paper mulching and spot-spraying with glyphosate, were combined with a root-dipping treatment, Terra Sorb®, to test effects on seedling survival and height growth on a harsh site in Oregon. Survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings was significantly higher after the third growing season when competing vegetation had been controlled with mulch or glyphosate during the first two growing seasons. Seedlings retreated with paper mulch and glyphosate before the second growing season had 36 and 25% higher survival than those that were not retreated. None of the seedlings was retreated before the third season; after this season, survival of seedlings treated twice with glyphosate was 26, 23, and 21% higher than seedlings receiving one glyphosate treatment and one or two mulch applications, respectively. There were no differences in seedling height growth among treatments. Rootdipping with Terra Sorb® did not influence survival or growth. West. J. Appl. For. 1:108-111 Oct. 86.

Herbaceous weed control in young conifer plantations with formulations of nitrogen and simazine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1685-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane E. White ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Conifer Plantations ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Noble Fir ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Weed control and 2nd-year survival and growth of newly planted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) seedlings were measured after application of herbicide and fertilizer in a replicated complete factorial experiment with four levels of simazine (0, 2.2, 4.4, 8.8 kg/ha), three levels of nitrogen (0, 110, 220 kg/ha), two types of nitrogen (urea prill; urea + trimamino-s-triazine (TST) prill), and two kinds of formulations (cogranular prill of simazine + nitrogen; nitrogen prill followed by liquid simazine). For the first growing season, total weed and grass control increased with increasing simazine rates. Total weed control was better when urea + TST, rather than urea alone, was applied in conjunction with simazine. Formulation and nitrogen rate were not significant. After plot treatment with 1.1 kg/ha of liquid hexazinone at the beginning of the second growing season, Douglas-fir survival decreased as rate of urea alone increased; survival decreased with little or no weed control and remained constant or increased with good weed control as rate of urea + TST increased. Noble fir height and diameter and Douglas-fir diameter declined with poor weed control but increased at least to the levels of untreated seedlings with good weed control. Noble fir diameter responded positively to added nitrogen. Although simazine may be toxic to 1st-year conifers, this study suggests that more complete weed control in conjunction with fertilization may benefit young conifer plantations.

Flower stimulation in young miniaturized seed orchards of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn L Cherry ◽  
Thimmappa S Anekonda ◽  
Michael J Albrecht ◽  
Glenn T Howe
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Cone Development ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Stem Girdling

We studied flower stimulation in two young miniaturized seed orchards of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) in Oregon. In experiment 1, female and male flowering were substantially enhanced when the trees were treated 2–4 years after grafting with stem girdling plus stem-injected gibberellin A4/7 (GA 0.25× rate = ProCone(tm) at 0.084 µL·mm–2 scion cross-sectional area). Comparable results were obtained the following year when the same trees were retreated with 1× GA. In experiment 2, female and male flowering were significantly enhanced when 3-year-old trees were treated with girdling plus either 1× GA, 1.5× GA, or 2× GA. Some treatments had higher mortality and less height growth than the control in the year of cone development. We recommend using a combination of girdling and 1× GA biennially once trees are large enough to produce large per-hectare seed yields and withstand the stress of flower stimulation. At the study orchards, this seems to be about 5 years postgrafting, just before the sixth growing season. Yields were estimated to be 272 963 seeds·ha–1 at age 4 years, or 143 095 seeds·ha–1 annually with stimulation occurring every 2 years. Yields should increase as orchards age, with full stocking, and with higher planting densities.

No Correlation between Latewood Formation and Leader Growth in Douglas-Fir Saplings

IAWA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi J. Renninger ◽  
Barbara L. Gartner ◽  
Amy T. Grotta
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
Wood Strength ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The width of earlywood and latewood in conifer xylem may have a profound effect on water transport and storage, vulnerability to embolism, and wood strength, yet the controls over the timing of latewood formation are unclear. Tracheids differentiating in the cambial zone are influenced by IAA, indole-3 acetic acid, the radial concentration gradient of which appears to either increase cell expansion (earlywood) or increase cell wall deposition (latewood). There are suggestive data that latewood begins to form when the growth of the leader stops, but definitive results are lacking. Height growth was measured in 14 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) saplings at 10 dates between May and August, from the beginning of the growing season until after height growth had ceased. The cambium was also pinned six times between June and July, to induce xylem scarring at known dates. After height growth ceased, saplings were harvested and transverse sections of the wood were made at the pin insertion points. The date at which 95% of the height growth had occurred and the date at which latewood formation had begun were estimated. Analysis showed no correlation of these data, suggesting that the two phenomena may occur around the same time, but that one is not causal of the other.

Effect of soil transfer on ectomycorrhiza formation and the survival and growth of conifer seedlings on old, nonreforested clear-cuts

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Amaranthus ◽  
D. A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
Soil Transfer ◽  
Survival And Growth

Small amounts (150 mL) of soil from established conifer plantations and mature forest were transferred to planting holes on three clear-cuts in southwest Oregon and northern California to enhance mycorrihiza formation. The clear-cuts, 8–27 years old and unsuccessfully reforested, included a range of environmental conditions. At Cedar Camp, a high-elevation (1720 m) southerly slope with sandy soil, transfer of plantation soils increased 1st-year Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling survival by 50%. Notably, soil from a plantation on a previously burned clear-cut doubled mycorrhiza formation and tripled seedling basal area growth. Soil from mature forest did not improve survival and growth. Less dramatic effects owing to soil transfer were evident on other sites, which were lower in elevation and had clayey soils with greater water-holding capacity, and where woody shrubs had apparently preserved mycorrhizal fungi. At Crazy Peak (1005 m), seedling survival was uniformly good, and soil from a previously burned plantation increased Douglas-fir mycorrhiza formation. At Wood Creek (500 m), soil from a plantation on a previously unburned clear-cut increased mycorrhizal branching on sugar pine (Pinuslambertiana Dougl.) seedlings, but there was no other effect. Results suggest that adequate mycorrhiza formation is critical to seedling growth and survival on cold, droughty sites. Populations of mycorrhizal fungi, and perhaps other beneficial soil biota, decline if reforestation is delayed or other host plants are absent. These declines can be offset by soil transfer from the proper source; in this study, soil from vigorous young plantations.

Seasonal and temperature effects on mycorrhizal activity and dependence of cool- and warm-season tallgrass prairie grasses

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1596-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Bentivenga ◽  
B. A. D. Hetrick
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Prairie Grasses ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Previous research on North American tallgrass prairie grasses has shown that warm-season grasses rely heavily on vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, while cool-season grasses are less dependent on the symbiosis (i.e., receive less benefit). This led to the hypothesis that cool-season grasses are less dependent on the symbiosis, because the growth of these plants occurs when mycorrhizal fungi are inactive. Field studies were performed to assess the effect of phenology of cool- and warm-season grasses on mycorrhizal fungal activity and fungal species composition. Mycorrhizal fungal activity in field samples was assessed using the vital stain nitro blue tetrazolium in addition to traditional staining techniques. Mycorrhizal activity was greater in cool-season grasses than in warm-season grasses early (April and May) and late (December) in the growing season, while mycorrhizal activity in roots of the warm-season grasses was greater (compared with cool-season grasses) in midseason (July and August). Active mycorrhizal colonization was relatively high in both groups of grasses late in the growing season, suggesting that mycorrhizal fungi may proliferate internally or may be parasitic at this time. Total Glomales sporulation was generally greater in the rhizosphere of cool-season grasses in June and in the rhizosphere of the warm-season grasses in October. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to examine the effect of temperature on mycorrhizal dependence of cool- and warm-season grasses. For both groups of grasses, mycorrhizal dependence was greatest at the temperature that favored growth of the host. The results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi are active in roots when cool-season grasses are growing and that cool-season grasses may receive benefit from the symbiosis under relatively cool temperature regimes. Key words: cool-season grasses, tallgrass prairie, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, warm-season grasses.

scholarly journals Root Growth Potential and Microsite Effects on Conifer Seedling Establishment in Northern Idaho

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Reely ◽  
Andrew S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
Survival And Growth

Environmental conditions and seedling quality interact to produce complex patterns of seedling survival and growth. Root growth potential (RGP) is one metric of seedling quality that can be rapidly measured prior to planting, but the correlation of RGP and seedling performance is not consistent across studies. Site factors including microsite objects that cast shade and competing vegetation can also influence seedling performance. We examined the effects of RGP, presence/absence of a microsite object, and competition cover on the survival and growth of three native conifers to the Inland Northwest, USA, over 5 years. We found that RGP had no effect on the survival or growth of western larch (Larix occidentalis), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca), and grand fir (Abies grandis) at a mesic north aspect site and a xeric south aspect site. Comparatively, the presence of a microsite increased the odds of survival by 37% for western larch and 158% for grand fir, while the absence of forb cover increased the odds of survival of western larch by 72% and of grand fir by 26%. Douglas fir was less sensitive to microsites and competition. The strong effects of neighborhood conditions around seedlings help inform silvicultural practices to enhance the establishment of western larch and grand fir, including planting seedlings near shading objects and competition control, while these practices may not be as important for Douglas fir.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculum and Phosphorus Treatment on Growth and Flowering of Ajania (Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Bremer et Humphries) Plant

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Matej Vosnjak ◽  
Matevz Likar ◽  
Gregor Osterc
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The influence of mycorrhizal inoculum in combination with different phosphorus treatments on growth and flowering parameters of Ajania (Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Bremer et Humphries) plants was investigated in two growing seasons (2015 and 2016). Plants of the cultivar ‘Silver and Gold’ were transplanted into pots either with added mycorrhizal inoculum or without inoculum and assigned to four phosphorus treatments. Mycorrhizal colonization was assessed by evaluating the frequency of colonization, intensity of colonization and density of fungal structures (arbuscules, vesicles, coils and microsclerotia) in the roots. During the growing season, the content of plant available phosphorus in the soil was analyzed, and shoot length, number of shoots, number of inflorescences, number of flowers and flowering time were evaluated. Inoculated Ajania plants were successfully colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytic fungi. In the root segments, hyphae were mainly observed, as well as vesicles, coils, arbuscules and microsclerotia, but in lower density. The density of fungal structures did not differ among phosphorus treatments, but did differ between years, with a higher density of fungal structures in 2016. Mycorrhizal plants developed higher number of shoots in 2016, higher number of inflorescences, higher number of flowers, and they flowered longer compared to uninoculated plants.

The effects of summer shoot production on height growth components of seedlings of California red and white fir

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Hallgren ◽  
John A. Helms
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Apical Dome ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Needle Primordia

Morphogenesis of the terminal shoot was studied in 2-year-old seedlings of California red fir (Abiesmagnifica A. Murr.) and two elevational sources of white fir (Abiesconcolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl.). Seedlings were either watered or left unwatered during the growing season in order to produce different shoot morphologies and seedlings with and without a summer shoot. Under favorable soil moisture, the frequency of summer shoot production was 32, 53, and 82% for red fir and high- and low-elevation white fir, respectively. Drought from mid-May to mid-September reduced summer shoot production to less than 1% in both species. Spring shoot morphology was not an indicator of capacity to produce a summer shoot. Rate of primordium production was directly related to apical dome diameter. However, when the normal spring increase in apical dome diameter was arrested by summer shoot elongation, the rate of primordium production appeared to be unaffected. Although the apical and subapical meristems were active at the same time, they did not appear to be antagonistic. The major effects of producing a summer shoot were as follows: (i) elongation of 60–120% more intemodes in the current growing season, (ii) production of 15–40% more needle primordia in the overwintering bud, (iii) production of 30–60% more primordia annually, and (iv) increase in the percentage of total primordium production that developed into needles from 60% to 75–80%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document