Herbaceous weed control in young conifer plantations with formulations of nitrogen and simazine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1685-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane E. White ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Conifer Plantations ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Noble Fir ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Weed control and 2nd-year survival and growth of newly planted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) seedlings were measured after application of herbicide and fertilizer in a replicated complete factorial experiment with four levels of simazine (0, 2.2, 4.4, 8.8 kg/ha), three levels of nitrogen (0, 110, 220 kg/ha), two types of nitrogen (urea prill; urea + trimamino-s-triazine (TST) prill), and two kinds of formulations (cogranular prill of simazine + nitrogen; nitrogen prill followed by liquid simazine). For the first growing season, total weed and grass control increased with increasing simazine rates. Total weed control was better when urea + TST, rather than urea alone, was applied in conjunction with simazine. Formulation and nitrogen rate were not significant. After plot treatment with 1.1 kg/ha of liquid hexazinone at the beginning of the second growing season, Douglas-fir survival decreased as rate of urea alone increased; survival decreased with little or no weed control and remained constant or increased with good weed control as rate of urea + TST increased. Noble fir height and diameter and Douglas-fir diameter declined with poor weed control but increased at least to the levels of untreated seedlings with good weed control. Noble fir diameter responded positively to added nitrogen. Although simazine may be toxic to 1st-year conifers, this study suggests that more complete weed control in conjunction with fertilization may benefit young conifer plantations.

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir Relating to Weeding, Fertilization, and Seed Source

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Roth ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract The goal of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the individual and interactive effects of weed control, nitrogen fertilization, and seed source on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) survival and growth in a range of sites and growing conditions in western Oregon. Weed control was the dominant factor influencing seedling survival and growth and accounted for 49% of the explained variation in seedling volume after 2 yr. Nitrogen fertilization had no effect when used in conjunction with weed control and a negative effect when used without weed control. Seedlings from a seed orchard source were significantly larger in diameter and volume than those from a wild local source after two growing seasons, but second-year heights were similar for the two seedling types. Initial seedling size was positively correlated with growth rate. West. J. Appl. For. 11(2):00-00.

scholarly journals Assessing the Use of Chopper Herbicide for Establishing Hardwood Plantations on a Cutover Site

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Schuler ◽  
Daniel J. Robison ◽  
Harold E. Quicke
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Quercus Pagoda ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Abstract Successful establishment of hardwood plantations requires effective weed management. Mechanical weed control is inefficient, and few herbicides are available for use in hardwood plantations. In an effort to identify new chemical control options, the potential of imazapyr (Chopper herbicide) for site preparation prior to planting three common southern hardwood species was assessed. Twelve site preparation treatments were tested using Chopper applied at four rates and three timings prior to planting. Each site preparation rate and time pairing was repeated under two postplant herbicide regimes—directed glyphosate (Accord herbicide) sprays designed to maintain weed-free conditions and a single broadcast sulfometuron methyl (Oust herbicide) treatment designed to test a potential operational sequencing of Chopper site preparation followed by herbaceous weed control. Although results must be evaluated in the context of a single site and set of environmental conditions, they demonstrate the utility of Chopper herbicide for site preparation prior to planting hardwoods. For sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.)and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.),site preparation before the end of July with Chopper rates up to 64 oz/ac improved survival and growth over postplant treatments alone. For later season applications, sycamore and sweetgum were more sensitive to the Chopper site preparation rate. For Oct. site preparation, Chopper rates above 16 oz/ac adversely affected planted sycamore seedlings and rates greater than 32 oz/ac adversely effected planted sweetgum seedlings. Cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.)performed best using the highest Chopper rate of 64 oz/ac regardless of timing. South. J. Appl. For. 28(3):163–170.

Effects of prolonged cold storage on phenology and performance of Douglas-fir and noble fir 2 + 0 seedlings from high-elevation sources

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsiung Tung ◽  
Luci Wisniewski ◽  
David R. DeYoe
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Noble Fir

Survival, phenology, and growth performance of 2 + 0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) seedlings planted at 1500 m in the Oregon Cascade Range were determined following a lifting on November 7 with 7 months of cold storage or lifting on March 1 with 3 months of cold storage. Storage temperature remained between 1 and 2 °C. There was no difference in Douglas-fir survival attributable to the lifting – cold-storage treatments during the first two growing seasons. The first-season survival of noble fir stored for 7 months was superior to that of those stored for 3 months, but no difference was evident after the second growing season. Timing of bud burst did not differ significantly among treatments for either species. However, the rate of bud burst was significantly greater for noble fir seedlings lifted in November and stored 7 months than for those lifted in March and stored 3 months. No difference in the rate of bud burst was observed between treatments for Douglas-fir. Shoot/root ratio for both species and treatments decreased significantly in the first growing season, but did not change significantly in the second growing season. Regardless of species, no differences were found in height growth or diameter increment between the two lifting – cold-storage treatments for the two consecutive growing seasons. The results suggest that Douglas-fir and noble fir seedlings originating from high-elevation seed sources can be lifted in fall and cold stored for 7 months without adverse effects on seedling performance.

scholarly journals Growth of Three Pine Species after Eleven Years on Reclaimed Minesoils In Virginia

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Torbert ◽  
J.A. Burger ◽  
S.H. Schoenholtz ◽  
R.E. Kreh
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Improvement In Survival ◽  
Pine Species

Abstract A reforestation experiment was established to test the growth of three pine species on two different surface-mined sites in the Appalachian coalfields of southwest Virginia. One site was mined just prior to enactment of the 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA), and one site was mined and reclaimed to its approximate original contour in accordance with post-SMCRA regulations. Three pine species (Pinus taeda, P. virginiana, and P. strobus) were planted on each site in 1981. A fertilization and an herbaceous weed control treatment were tested. Half the plots were fertilized with a 21 g fertilizer tablet at time of planting and a broadcast application of 50 kg/ha N as ammonium nitrate prior to the fourth growing season. Each plot was split to accommodate an herbaceous weed control treatment during the first 3 yr. After 11 yr, all three tree species grew very well on the prelaw bench site, but were less productive on the postlaw AOC site. The fastest growing species was loblolly pine, which averaged 22 ft tall. Aggressive herbaceous ground covers commonly established on surface-mined land to reduce erosion were successfully controlled by herbicides, resulting in a significant improvement in survival and growth for all tree species. Fertilization as used in this study had little effect on growth and was not as beneficial for tree establishment as the herbicide treatment. The performance of these commercial tree species in this study demonstrates that good forest management opportunities exist for the owners of surface-mined land. North. J. Appl. For. 17(3):95–99.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Afforestation in North Mississippi on Retired Farmland Using Pinus echinata: First-Year Results

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Kushla
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Abstract In March 2005, 1-0 bareroot shortleaf pine was planted on retired fields of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station near Holly Springs, Mississippi. Objectives of the study were to evaluate (1) subsoiling and (2) herbaceous weed control (HWC) on 1st-year seedling survival and size. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The subsoiling treatment was completed in December 2004. The HWC treatment was 4-oz Arsenal AC + 2-oz Oust XP product per sprayed acre applied in a 4-ft band over the row in April 2005. In addition, mowing was completed three times between rows during the first growing season. First-year seedling measurements were completed by March 2006 on seedling survival, groundline diameter (GLD), and total height. Subsoil tillage did not have a significant effect on 1st-year survival, diameter, or height. HWC had a significant effect on shortleaf GLD but not survival or height.

Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir Seedlings with Spot-Spraying, Mulching and Root-Dipping

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsiung Tung ◽  
Jim Batdorff ◽  
David R. DeYoe
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract Two vegetation management methods, paper mulching and spot-spraying with glyphosate, were combined with a root-dipping treatment, Terra Sorb®, to test effects on seedling survival and height growth on a harsh site in Oregon. Survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings was significantly higher after the third growing season when competing vegetation had been controlled with mulch or glyphosate during the first two growing seasons. Seedlings retreated with paper mulch and glyphosate before the second growing season had 36 and 25% higher survival than those that were not retreated. None of the seedlings was retreated before the third season; after this season, survival of seedlings treated twice with glyphosate was 26, 23, and 21% higher than seedlings receiving one glyphosate treatment and one or two mulch applications, respectively. There were no differences in seedling height growth among treatments. Rootdipping with Terra Sorb® did not influence survival or growth. West. J. Appl. For. 1:108-111 Oct. 86.

Survival and growth of outplanted Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Bledsoe ◽  
K. Tennyson ◽  
W. Lopushinsky
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Eastern Washington

Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were outplanted on dry, burned-over sites in eastern Washington. Prior inoculation of seedlings did not significantly increase survival or height growth, but biomass increment during the first growing season was substantially reduced. New roots of all seedlings became colonized by native mycorrhizal fungi within 5 months after planting.

Three Year Effects of Herbaceous Weed Control in a Sycamore Plantation

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Fitzgerald ◽  
R. F. Richards ◽  
C. W. Selden ◽  
J. T. May
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Screening studies initiated in 1969 to determine the effectiveness and selectivity of herbicides for herbaceous weed control during the first growing season in American sycamore (Plantanus occidentalis L.) plantations indicated that simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine], atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6- (isopropylamino)-s-triazine], and dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) had the desired properties at economically feasible use rates. To further evaluate these herbicides and ametryne [2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine], permanent plots were established in a sycamore plantation in 1970. Weed control obtained from a single herbicide application in the spring after planting seedlings in the winter has resulted in increased height, diameter, and volume growth of the sycamore for at least three growing seasons. No serious phytotoxicity on the crop species was noted with application rates from 4.5 to 9.0 kg/ha of the s-triazines alone or from 5.6 kg/ha of dalapon in combination with the lower rate of simazine and atrazine.

scholarly journals Six-Year Development of Regenerating Natural Hardwood Stands with HerbaceousWeed Control

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. McGill ◽  
Bruce B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Abstract A study was established to examine the effects of herbaceous weed control (HWC) on the development of natural hardwood stands in southeastern West Virginia. In two Appalachian mixed hardwood stands, HWC treatments, consisting of Oust (4 oz/ac) or Oust (4 oz/ac) + Escort (1 oz/ac), were applied prior to budbreak during the first or second growing season after clearcutting. Fern and Rubus species dominated the herbaceous plant cover in the first 3 yr following treatment. Oust + Escort plots had significantly less total herbaceous plant cover than the check plots in the first 2 yr. Mean plot-level treatment effects were significant only in one of the two stands. Sixth-year average tree heights on HWC plots at one site were greater than those on the check plots, and ranged from 11.4 ft (Oust + Escort) to 9.2 ft (check). Six-year heights of tagged stems were greater for Fraser magnolia (Magnolia fraseri Walt.) on HWC plots. Although black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) had the greatest extent of crown damage from the herbicide treatments initially, average heights of tagged black cherry stems in both stands ranked higher on the HWC plots than on the check plots.

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