Decay resistance owing to near-anaerobic conditions in black cottonwood wetwood

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. van der Kamp ◽  
A. A. Gokhale ◽  
R. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Average Weight Loss ◽  
Decay Tests ◽  
Parallel Tests

Gases extracted from wetwood of unwounded black cottonwood (Populustrichocarpa Torrey and Gray) trunks near Vancouver, B.C., throughout 1974 contained less than 0.10% O2 for periods of 5 to 19 weeks during the summer, and an average of approximately 2.5% O2 in winter. CO2 ranged from an average of about 8.5% in summer to about 6% in winter. Decay tests using surface and completely sterilized cottonwood sapwood and wetwood blocks showed no significant weight loss (average 0.2%) after 10 weeks under near-anaerobic conditions (O2 at 0.08%), while parallel tests under aerobic conditions resulted in 42% average weight loss. Both test fungi (Polyporusdelectans Peck and Ganodermaapplanatum (Pers.) Pat.) survived 10 weeks under near-anaerobic conditions, but resumption of decay following this period was considerably delayed. It is suggested that in black cottonwood, wetwood is not necessarily a deleterious phenomenon but rather a condition that imparts considerable decay resistance to the inner wood of unwounded trees.

Weight loss at the first month of palliative chemotherapy to predict survival outcomes in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
Chan-Young Ock ◽  
Do-Youn Oh ◽  
Tae-Yong Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hun Lee ◽  
Sae-Won Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Advanced Gastric Cancer ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Palliative Chemotherapy ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Percent Weight Loss ◽  
Average Weight Loss

83 Background: Weight loss during chemotherapy is a significant prognostic factor for poor survival in patients advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, in most studies, weight loss was measured at the end of chemotherapy, limiting its clinical use. In this study, we evaluated whether weight loss during the first month of chemotherapy could predict survival outcomes in patients with AGC. Methods: We analyzed 719 patients with metastatic or recurrent AGC who were receiving palliative chemotherapy. We calculated initial body mass index (BMIi), percent weight loss after one month of chemotherapy (ΔW1m), percent weight loss after last administration of chemotherapy (ΔWend), and average weight loss per month during chemotherapy (ΔW/m). We correlated these data with overall survival (OS) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier curves, and performed a subgroup analysis using Cox regression. Results: The probabilities of longer OS had stronger correlations with ΔW/m and ΔW1m than with ΔWend or BMIi. The optimal cutoff values of ΔW/m and ΔW1m for predicting shorter survival were 1% and 3%, respectively. A significant positive correlation between ΔW1m and ΔW/m (r2 = 0.591, p < 0.001) was observed. Patients with ΔW1m more than 3% significantly younger, had worse performance status, more diffuse-type Lauren classification, more HER2-negative pathology, a higher number of involved organs, and more peritoneal seeding at initial presentation. OS of patients with ΔW1m more than 3% were significantly shorter than patients with less weight loss (ΔW1m ≥3%: 9.7, <3%: 16.3 months, p < 0.001). Patients who recovered average weight loss per month after experiencing weight loss at the first month showed prolonged OS compared with patients who did not recovered (ΔW/m < 1%: 21.3, ≥1%: 7.8 months, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed ΔW1m accompanied poor survival irrespective of other clinical characteristics. Multivariate analysis showed weight loss at the first month of chemotherapy adversely affected OS (p= 0.038). Conclusions: Weight loss at the very first month of palliative chemotherapy could predict unfavorable survival outcomes in AGC.

scholarly journals Lye Peeling of Fresh Yam, Dioscorea alata

1969 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
J. M. Rivera-Ortiz ◽  
M. A. González
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Average Weight Loss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hardness Values

Studies were conducted to determine the most suitable conditions for the lye-peeling of fresh yam, Dioscorea alata, of the Florido variety. Good peeling resulted from each of these boiling lye solution combinations: 5 minutes in 10-percent, 4 minutes in 15-percent, or 3 minutes in 20-percent. The average weight loss resulting from these three combinations was approximately the same, but less in each instance than when the tubers were hand-peeled. Changes in titrable acidity and hardness values of the tubers were approximately equal to those which resulted from hand-peeled yam. The sensory evaluation of the samples showed no significant difference between hand- and lye-peeled tubers. The lye-peeling method was not wholly satisfactory when the yams had been in storage for more than 3 weeks.

The breast cancer lifestyle intervention study.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
Jennifer Chun ◽  
Erica Brooke Friedman ◽  
Freya Ruth Schnabel ◽  
Martha Eddy ◽  
Shira Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Average Weight Loss

112 Background: Maintaining a healthy weight after breast cancer diagnosis has been associated with improved survival outcomes. Lifestyle interventions are particularly important in overweight women who are at an increased risk of overall and breast-cancer specific death compared to non-overweight women. The purpose of this study is to examine the barriers and acceptance of a lifestyle intervention program among overweight women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Methods: The Breast Cancer Database of NYU Langone Medical Center was queried for women who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer and who had a body mass index (BMI) ≥25kg/m2. Eligible patients participated in the Moving for Life (MFL) exercise program for 16 sessions. Questionnaires were administered at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics and paired t-tests were used to see if there were any significant differences before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 40 women were eligible to participate in the MFL exercise program. A total of 20 women declined to participate due to location, transportation limitations, and conflicts in schedule. Of the 18 women who enrolled in the MFL program, 13 (72%) were regular attendees and completed the study. The median age was 61 years (range: 38-76) and the average baseline BMI was 31kg/m2(range: 25-42). After completing the MFL intervention, there was a significant decrease in weight and BMI (p=0.04). The average weight loss was 10lbs. Participants also reported a greater enjoyment of exercise (p=0.02), as well as a decrease in pain related to treatment (p=0.05). Conclusions: Moving for Life is a unique exercise program for breast cancer patients and had a high rate of acceptance and completion in a cohort of overweight breast cancer patients. This study resulted in a statistically significant average weight loss of 10lbs, as well as a greater enjoyment of exercise and decrease in treatment-related pain which may impact long-term lifestyle changes. Longitudinal follow-up at 6- and 12-months will allow assessment of secondary endpoints, including exercise frequency and attitudes about exercise, allowing us to examine sustainability and changes in behaviors and attitudes over time.

scholarly journals Weight losses of wheat grain caused by psocid infestation (Liposcelis bostrychophila: Liposcelididae: Psocoptera)

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Liposcelis Bostrychophila ◽  
Average Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Grain Stores ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Wheat Kernels

ocids are commonly found to be a persistent pest in structures of grain stores. Grain residues are potential pest reservoirs that serve as sources of grain re-infestation. Weight losses caused by psocids on broken wheat kernels were measured. Average weight loss of grain samples was 9.7% after 3 months of Liposcelis bostrychophila infestation. The weight losses were positively correlated with progeny production.

Influence of Acupuncture on Bioelectrical Impedance Measures in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: Results of a Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Grundmann ◽  
Saunjoo L Yoon ◽  
Joseph J Williams
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Average Weight Loss

Background Patients with gastrointestinal cancers often suffer from malnutrition and cachexia caused by inflammatory processes due to malignancy and therapeutic intervention. Evaluation of nutritional status and well-being of patients is essential to prevent or slow down the progression of cachexia. In addition, acupuncture as a complementary intervention may help reduce cachexia and unintentional weight loss. Methods Seven patients with cancers of the gastrointestinal tract enrolled in this pilot study were provided with eight acupuncture sessions in addition to their regular treatment schedule. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements were taken at every other acupuncture session to evaluate the body composition of patients. BIA is a fast, inexpensive and non-invasive method for evaluating fluid, fat and muscle mass distribution which correlates with nutritional status. Results All patients enrolled in the pilot study completed the acupuncture intervention and BIA measurements. The average weight loss and reduction in body weight was 1.3%, which is less than the average weight loss of 5% reported in the literature. Both phase angle and fat-free mass decreased in patients, indicating a worsening of the condition. However, a shift from intracellular to extracellular fluid was not observed, which is usually associated with a loss of cell integrity. Conclusions This pilot study indicates that patients tolerate acupuncture treatments well. The BIA results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. A larger randomised placebo-controlled study is currently being conducted to further investigate the influence of acupuncture and to provide insights into BIA as a reliable tool for evaluating body composition in patients with gastrointestinal cancers.

Laboratory Evaluation of Natural Decay Resistance and Efficacy of CCA-Treated Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Jusoh ◽  
D. Pascal Kamdem
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Irpex Lacteus ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Natural Decay

Summary Information on the natural decay resistance and efficacy of CCA-treated rubberwood is important for the development rubberwood industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the natural decay resistance of rubberwood and the efficacy of CCA-pressure treatment in order to explore a new opportunity for this abundant raw material. Natural decay resistance and efficacy of CCA was estimated using soil-block test according to AWPA E10-91. Cubes were exposed to six wood-decay fungi: two each from white, brown, and soft rot. The moisture content of test cubes exposed to Irpex lacteus and Trametes versicolor increased with weight loss increase, while that exposed to Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta decreased. After a 12-week incubation period the average weight loss by white rot and brown rot fungi was about 1.5 times higher than that of soft rot fungi. CCA retention of 4.1 kg/m3 reduced weight loss to between 8% and 10%, retention of 14.5 kg/m3 protected weight loss by all test fungi from exceeding 2%.

scholarly journals Alterations in energy balance following exenatide administration

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Bradley ◽  
Roger Kulstad ◽  
Natalie Racine ◽  
Yoram Shenker ◽  
Melissa Meredith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Exenatide is a medication similar in structure and effect to native glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin hormone with glucose-lowering properties. The aim of the study was to measure the change in total energy expenditure (TEE) and body composition during exenatide administration and by deduction the relative contributions of energy expenditure and energy intake to exenatide-induced weight loss. Forty-five obese (body mass index, 30–40 kg·m–2) subjects were identified. After exclusion criteria application, 28 subjects entered into the study and 18 subjects (12 female, 6 male) completed the study, which consisted of 6 visits over 14 weeks and injection of exenatide for an average of 84 ± 5 days. Respiratory gas analysis and doubly labeled water measurements were performed before initiation of exenatide and after approximately 3 months of exenatide administration. The average weight loss from the beginning of injection period to the end of the study in completed subjects was 2.0 ± 2.8 kg (p = 0.01). Fat mass declined by 1.3 ± 1.8 kg (p = 0.01) while the fat-free mass trended downward but was not significant (0.8 ± 2.2 kg, p = 0.14). There was no change in weight-adjusted TEE (p = 0.20), resting metabolic rate (p = 0.51), or physical activity energy expenditure (p = 0.38) and no change in the unadjusted thermic effect of a meal (p = 0.37). The significant weight loss because of exenatide administration was thus the result of decreasing energy intake. In obese nondiabetic subjects, exenatide administration did not increase TEE and by deduction the significant weight loss and loss of fat mass was due to decreased energy intake.

scholarly journals Analysis of Reproductive Traits in the Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1601-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Rečková ◽  
Radek Filipčík ◽  
Ladislav Máchal ◽  
Ivo Křivánek ◽  
Pavel Nevrkla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Average Weight Loss ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Average Share ◽  
Observation Period

The aim of the present study was focused on analysis of reproductive traits in the painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala). The analysis of partial reproductive traits was intended to complete the knowledge necessary for ensuring reproduction of the painted stork in captivity on the required level. The observation was performed in the Zoo Zlín – Lešná from 2011 to 2014. The eggs were measured and weighed after laying and then in several‑day intervals. Other observed traits were hatchability of the eggs, number of raised young birds and their weight after hatching. During whole observation period, a total of 90 eggs of the painted stork were evaluated from 12 parental pairs. The average share of fertilized eggs was 38.9 %. Average length of eggs was 68.57 mm, average width was 46.43 mm and average weight was 79.79 g. Average weight loss of eggs during their incubation was 9.87 g. Average hatchability of all the laid eggs was 27.8 %. Average hatchability of the fertilized eggs was 71.4 %. A total of 23 young painted storks were hatched during the observation period. Their average hatching weight was 57.04 g. The overall number of 11 individuals were raised during the four years of observation.

scholarly journals FRAILTY, FOOD INSECURITY, AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
E. SMIT ◽  
C. WANKE ◽  
K. DONG ◽  
A. GROTHEER ◽  
S. HANSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Unintentional Weight Loss ◽  
Average Weight Loss ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Nutritional status and food insecurity are associated with frailty in the general U.S. population, yet little is known about this in the aging population of people living with HIV (PLWH). Objectives: Given the potential importance of nutrition and the amenability to intervention, we examined the association between nutritional status, food insecurity, and frailty in PLWH. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Participants: 50 PLWH, age ≥45 years, recruited from a cohort study examining risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Measurements: Frailty, duration of HIV, use of antiretroviral therapy, disease history, food insecurity, physical function, and physical activity were assessed by questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using 3-day food records. Blood was drawn for CD4+ cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lipid levels. Physical measurements included height, weight, and skinfold thickness. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 16% (n=8), 44% were pre-frail (n=22) and 40% were not frail (n=20). The number of reported difficulties with 20 activities of daily living was highest in frail (mean 10.4±3.9 SD), followed by pre-frail (6.5±4.6), and lowest in not frail participants (2.0±2.3). Seven (88%) of the frail PLWH lost weight with an average weight loss of 22.9 pounds; 6 (75%) reported unintentional weight loss, and all 6 of these met the frailty criteria for weight loss of 10 or more pounds. Nine (45%) of the not frail PLWH reported losing weight with an average weight loss of 6.2 pounds; 5 (23%) reported unintentional weight loss of <10 pounds. Frail PLWH were more likely to report being food insecure than not frail PLWH (63% vs. 10%, p=0.02), and tended to have lower energy intake than not frail PLWH. Conclusion: Research is needed on targeted interventions to improve food security and activities of daily living in PLWH for both the prevention and improvement of frailty.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document