Respiration rate of cold-stored nursery stock

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyser

Respiration rates of 3-year-old red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) and 3-year-old white spruce (Piceaglauca Moench. (Voss)) were measured in sealed containers at 4.5 °C. Increase in CO2 concentration was measured using an infrared gas analyser (IRGA). Respiration continued steadily, at 0.025–0.046 mg CO2 g−1 dry matter h−1 up to CO2 concentrations of 2%, which are similar to those encountered in storage bags. Respiration rate of white spruce tended to be higher than that of red pine at 4.5 °C, and measurements of dry matter loss over 49 and 107 days confirmed that both species decrease in dry weight by about 4% in 100 days of storage at this temperature.

The respiration rate and loss of dry matter from stored bran

1945 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Snow ◽  
Norman C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Continuous Absorption ◽  
High Respiration Rate ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Absorption Apparatus

1. Experiments were made on the respiration of bran at different moisture levels using a continuous absorption apparatus in which the humidity of the air-stream was adjusted to be at equilibrium with the respiring bran. The rate of respiration was accelerated with increasing moisture content and was very rapid deterioration due to the high respiration rate and microbiological damage.2. Experiments were made on the storage of bran at known moisture contents in closed tins in the laboratory and also in sacks kept under farm conditions. The total nitrogen content of the bran stored in the tins appeared to increase during storage. From similar increases in total phosphorus, it is clear that the increase in total nitrogen was caused by a loss of dry matter from the stored feeding stuff, a fact which was further demonstrated by the loss in dry weight of the sacks of bran with attributed to two causes: (1) the respiration of the plant cells still active in the bran itself, and (2) the respiration of developing micro-organisms. It is evident from these experiments that fresh bran, free from insect infestation and stored at a moisture content of less than 13%, will have a very low respiration rate and will, therefore, not be liable to heating. Bran of 15–19% moisture content respires at a much faster rate and the time for which such material can be stored with freedom from heating or other types of deterioration will be limited.

Impact of storage environment on respiration, dry matter losses and fumonisin B1 contamination of stored paddy and brown rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Martín Castaño ◽  
A. Medina ◽  
N. Magan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Early Indication

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different storage moisture conditions (0.90 and 0.95 water activity, aw) and temperatures (25, 30 °C) on (1) respiration rates (CO2; R), (2) dry matter loss (DML) of paddy and brown rice, (3) inoculation of both rice types with Fusarium verticillioides under these storage conditions on R, DML, and (4) effects on fumonisin B1 (FB1) contamination of these rice types. There was an increase in temporal CO2 production with wetter and warmer conditions in naturally contaminated rice. Higher R and consequently, percentage (%) DML were generally observed for brown rice (up to 21%) while in paddy rice this was only up to 3.5% DML. The FB1 production in paddy rice was low and similar in all treatments regardless of aw × temperature conditions. In the dehusked brown rice there were higher levels of contamination with FB1, with a maximum at 0.95 aw and 25 °C. A significant correlation between %DMLs and FB1 contamination was obtained (R=0.7454, P<0.01). These results suggest that monitoring of CO2 may provide an early indication of fungal activity in moist rice and help in evaluating the relative risk of spoilage and potential for mycotoxin contamination.

scholarly journals Analytic studies in plant respiration VII—Aerobic respiration in barley seedlings and its relation to growth and carbohydrate supply

1937 ◽  
Vol 123 (832) ◽  
pp. 321-342 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Oxygen Medium ◽  
Plant Respiration ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Preliminary to a study of seedling respiration as affected by varying concentrations of oxygen, some sets of experiments were carried out in air as a standard oxygen medium. In these experiments growth was also measured and the relation between the rates of these two processes was determined. The major features of the carbon metabolism in the young seedling are, (1) hydrolysis of starch in the endosperm, (2) formation of new dry matter in the embryo by growth, (3) respiration of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water in both endosperm and embryo. By relating (1) with (2) and (3) we arrive at (4) the rate of translocation of carbohydrates from endosperm to embryo. All these activities may be expressed, for numerical comparison, in terms of hexose units per unit of time, so that it is possible to survey, on this common basis, the balance and relative rates of these processes. The rates of the component parts of the system are to be labelled as follows: H , production rate of liexoses by hydrolysis of carbohydrate reserves in the endosperm; R 1 ,respiration rate of hexoses in the endosperm; T , translocation rate of hexoses from the endosperm to the embryo; R 2 , the respiration rate of the embryo; G , the rate of growth of dry weight of the embryo material. We may add to this series P (as a subsection of G ) the rate of transitory deposition in the embryo of mobile reversible carbohydrate reserves such as starch, which are later available for respiration. G less P would stand for the irreversible growth of new tissue substance, in a restrictive sense, while G stands for the whole dry-weight increase.

SCREENING SWEET POTATOES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 863b-863
Author(s):  
Lavetta Newell ◽  
Tonda Bardwell ◽  
James O. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Loss Method

In two experiments, 16 sweet potato genotypes (Ipomoea batatas L.) were evaluated for drought tolerance using the detached - leaf water loss method as reported by Walker and Miller (1986). Dry weight loss was also determined. Differences in the rate of leaf water loss over a 48 hour period were found. Vardaman had the greatest amount of dry matter loss and the lowest level of water loss. However, no relationship between dry matter loss and water loss was found.

Bales Versus Polybags in Cold and Frozen Overwinter Storage of Nursery Stock

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin ◽  
J. D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Storage ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Terminal Shoot

Fall lifted white spruce, white pine, and red pine were stored overwinter 1969–70 at Orono Nursery, Ontario. Frozen (−4 °C) and cold (1.5 °C) storage conditions; bales and polyethylene bags were compared. The trees were planted in the spring at three locations, both 'early' (May 5–8) and 'late' (May 26–28). This report is based on survival, height, and terminal shoot measurements to the end of the second season.Storage of white spruce was successful, the polybag was the better container, and frozen storage the better condition. White pine stored moderately successfully, and red pine storage was a failure.When planted late, fresh stock gave poor growth rates in all species. Reasonable extension of the planting season with frozen overwinter-stored stock appeared promising with white spruce. In white pine and red pine, however, late planting, even of stored stock, showed poor growth.

scholarly journals Some technical and mechanical properties of mibuna (Brassica rapa var. Nipposinica) and mizuna (Brassica rapa var. Japonica)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusun Hasturk Sahin ◽  
Turkan Aktas ◽  
Funda Eryilmaz Acikgoz ◽  
Tamer Akcay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Far East ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Puncture Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter Loss

In this research, some physical (leaf area, leaf width, stalk width, plant mass, moisture) and mechanical properties (tear resistance, puncture resistance), color parameters (L*, a*, b*, YI) of Mibuna (Brassica rapavar. Nipposinica) and Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. Japonica) plants that are Far East Origin vegetables were determined and compared. Also respiratory rate and dry matter loss values just after harvesting and 1 week later harvesting were calculated and compared using measured CO2 concentration values. It was determined that the differences between mean values of physical properties of leaf and stalk parts of mizuna and mibuna plants were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). CO2 measurements which were made just after harvesting and 1 week later harvesting showed that respiration rate and dry matter loss for mizuna was found faster than those values for mibuna plant. Also it was found that respiration rate and dry matter loss values determined just after harvesting was found higher than those values determined 1 week later harvesting.

scholarly journals Some technical and mechanical properties of mibuna (Brassica rapa var. Nipposinica) and mizuna (Brassica rapa var. Japonica)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusun Hasturk Sahin ◽  
Turkan Aktas ◽  
Funda Eryilmaz Acikgoz ◽  
Tamer Akcay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Far East ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Puncture Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter Loss

In this research, some physical (leaf area, leaf width, stalk width, plant mass, moisture) and mechanical properties (tear resistance, puncture resistance), color parameters (L*, a*, b*, YI) of Mibuna (Brassica rapavar. Nipposinica) and Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. Japonica) plants that are Far East Origin vegetables were determined and compared. Also respiratory rate and dry matter loss values just after harvesting and 1 week later harvesting were calculated and compared using measured CO2 concentration values. It was determined that the differences between mean values of physical properties of leaf and stalk parts of mizuna and mibuna plants were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). CO2 measurements which were made just after harvesting and 1 week later harvesting showed that respiration rate and dry matter loss for mizuna was found faster than those values for mibuna plant. Also it was found that respiration rate and dry matter loss values determined just after harvesting was found higher than those values determined 1 week later harvesting.

scholarly journals Provisional guidelines for fall lifting for frozen overwinter storage of nursery stock

1976 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin ◽  
J. D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Planting Season ◽  
Spring Planting

An experiment was started in the fall of 1972 to study the effects of the date of fall lifting on the post-planting performance of overwinter stored white spruce and jack pine. Storage at two temperatures was used, 0°F (−18 °C) and 26°F (−4 °C), with the former a failure, the latter successful. Spring planting indicated that "too early" outplanting is possible. Stored white spruce may be used to extend the planting season into late spring, but not jack pine.Degree-Hardening-Days, D-H-D, i.e. cumulative daily differences below 50°F from soil temperatures at 15 cm depth, is suggested as a possible criterion of stock readiness for storage. White spruce was about 200 D-H-D and jack pine about 375. By inferences from other experiments white pine is about 225 D-H-D and red pine about 300.

Yields of Four 40-year-old Conifers and Aspen in Adjacent Stands

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce E. Schlaegel
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Weight Yield

Volume and dry-weight yield comparisons of 40-year-old planted red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.), jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench.) Voss), black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP), and a naturally regenerated aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) sucker stand show that red pine has the highest yields and black spruce the lowest. Volume yields of aspen, jack pine, and white spruce are similar, but weight yields of white spruce are much less than weight yields of either aspen or jack pine. It is recommended that yield comparisons within and between species should be done on a weight as well as a volume basis because large differences in densities can occur.

The effect of gibberellic acid on apparent photosynthesis and dark respiration of simulated swards of Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Lester ◽  
OG Carter ◽  
FM Kelleher ◽  
DR Laing
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Stimulation Of

Gibberellic acid (GA3 at 40 g/ha equivalent was applied to simulated swards of Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu grass) at the fourth leaf stage in a glasshouse held at a 25°C maximum and 15° minimum diurnal temperature cycle. Continuous 24-hr recordings of apparent photosynthesis and dark respiration in relation to normal variation in solar radiation were made on the whole swards by using an open chamber system monitored by infrared gas analysis. No effect was noted until 9 days from spraying, by which time the GA3 application stimulated the apparent photosynthetic rate of the sward and reduced the dark respiration rate. These effects became greater with time. The stimulation of apparent photosynthesis increased as the level of radiation increased. At 21 days from spraying, while large increases in apparent photosynthesis and reductions in dark respiration rate were being recorded, a botanical separation of the swards was made. GA3 increased the total dry weight (tops plus roots) of the sward and the dry matter above soil level. The latter effect was due to a greater amount of stem dry matter in the GA3-treated sward. GA3 reduced the dry weight of senescent leaf blade and leaf sheath tissue. GA3 had no effect on leaf area index. Area per leaf was increased, but GA3 stimulated apical dominance reduced the number of leaves per sq metre of sward. It is postulated that stimulation of apparent photosynthesis by GA3 is related to leaf age and a change in canopy structure through an improvement in leaf dispersion.

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