Impact of storage environment on respiration, dry matter losses and fumonisin B1 contamination of stored paddy and brown rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Martín Castaño ◽  
A. Medina ◽  
N. Magan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Early Indication

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different storage moisture conditions (0.90 and 0.95 water activity, aw) and temperatures (25, 30 °C) on (1) respiration rates (CO2; R), (2) dry matter loss (DML) of paddy and brown rice, (3) inoculation of both rice types with Fusarium verticillioides under these storage conditions on R, DML, and (4) effects on fumonisin B1 (FB1) contamination of these rice types. There was an increase in temporal CO2 production with wetter and warmer conditions in naturally contaminated rice. Higher R and consequently, percentage (%) DML were generally observed for brown rice (up to 21%) while in paddy rice this was only up to 3.5% DML. The FB1 production in paddy rice was low and similar in all treatments regardless of aw × temperature conditions. In the dehusked brown rice there were higher levels of contamination with FB1, with a maximum at 0.95 aw and 25 °C. A significant correlation between %DMLs and FB1 contamination was obtained (R=0.7454, P<0.01). These results suggest that monitoring of CO2 may provide an early indication of fungal activity in moist rice and help in evaluating the relative risk of spoilage and potential for mycotoxin contamination.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of storage conditions on dry matter loss and nutritional quality of grain legume fodders in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 114419
Author(s):  
D.B. Akakpo ◽  
I.J.M de Boer ◽  
S. Adjei-Nsiah ◽  
A.J. Duncan ◽  
K.E. Giller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Dry Matter Loss

Respiration rate of cold-stored nursery stock

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyser

Respiration rates of 3-year-old red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) and 3-year-old white spruce (Piceaglauca Moench. (Voss)) were measured in sealed containers at 4.5 °C. Increase in CO2 concentration was measured using an infrared gas analyser (IRGA). Respiration continued steadily, at 0.025–0.046 mg CO2 g−1 dry matter h−1 up to CO2 concentrations of 2%, which are similar to those encountered in storage bags. Respiration rate of white spruce tended to be higher than that of red pine at 4.5 °C, and measurements of dry matter loss over 49 and 107 days confirmed that both species decrease in dry weight by about 4% in 100 days of storage at this temperature.

Limited Surveillance of Fumonisins in Brown Rice and Wheat Harvested in Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAYO KUSHIRO ◽  
YAZHI ZHENG ◽  
REIKO NAGATA ◽  
HIROYUKI NAKAGAWA ◽  
HITOSHI NAGASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
A Value ◽  
Mass Spec ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Fumonisin B2

Fumonisins are mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium verticillioides, which is a major contaminant of corn. However, there are sporadic reports of fumonisin contamination in wheat worldwide. The rice adherent fungus Gibberella fujikuroi is taxonomically closely related to F. verticillioides. Therefore, the potential risk of fumonisin contamination in rice and wheat is significant. Previously, a sensitive detection method utilizing liquid chromatography with tandem electrospray mass spec-trometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) was developed for the determination of fumonisins in brown rice. In the present study, the incidence of fumonisins in brown rice and wheat harvested in Japan was investigated using LC-ESI-MS-MS. Forty-eight rice samples and 47 wheat samples were screened and analyzed for the major B-type fumonisins: fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2). About 1 kg of rice or wheat seed was divided into three subsamples, and 10 g from each subsample was used for the analysis. The limits of detection were 0.012 and 0.011 mg/kg for FB1 and FB2, respectively, in rice samples and 0.010 and 0.008 mg/kg for FB1 and FB2, respectively, in wheat samples. The mean (standard deviation) recoveries of FB1 spiked at 0.50 mg/kg into toxin-free rice and wheat samples were 77.6 (4.2)% and 84.5 (3.1)%, respectively. One of the wheat samples was positive for FB1 with a value greater than the limit of detection, but no fumonisin was found in any of the rice samples. This is the first report of fumonisins detected in Japanese wheat.

Modelling the dry matter loss of coffee beans under different storage conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 101669
Author(s):  
Daniela de Carvalho Lopes ◽  
Antonio José Steidle Neto
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Coffee Beans

Fumonisin-Producing Strains of Fusarium: A Review of Their Ecophysiology

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1792-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONIA MARÍN ◽  
NARESH MAGAN ◽  
ANTONIO J. RAMOS ◽  
VICENTE SANCHIS
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
And Storage

This review focuses on the fumonisin-producing Fusarium species and the ecophysiology of these species. The effects of environmental biotic and abiotic factors on germination, growth, and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum have been investigated under laboratory, field, and storage conditions. An understanding of the factors involved in production of fumonisins is the first step in preventing accumulation of these toxins.

scholarly journals Effects of Splits Content on Dry Matter Loss Rates of Soybeans Measured Using a Static Grain Respiration Measurement System

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1365-1372
Author(s):  
Ana B. Gatsakos ◽  
Thomas B. Scatolini ◽  
Mary-Grace C. Danao ◽  
Richard S. Gates ◽  
Kent D. Rausch
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
List Type ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
A Value ◽  
Kernel Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Loss Rates

HighlightsRespiration rate increased with the percentage of split soy beans.The splits multiplier for soybeans appears to be more sensitive than the corn damage multiplier.The relationship between the split percentage and splits multiplier for soybeans is approximately linear.A value for the splits multiplier is provided for 18% moisture content soybeans stored at 35°C.Abstract. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of 0% to 16% (w/w) splits content (xs) of soybeans stored at 35°C and 18% moisture content (w.b.) on dry matter loss rates (vDML) and to determine a splits multiplier (MS) for soybeans stored at these conditions, similar to the damage multiplier (MD) used in ASABE Standard D535 for shelled corn. Effects of percentage by weight splits (xs) on MS and safe storage time are expected to be greater than MD for corn because soybeans are prone to cracking and splitting, lipid oxidation, and protein degradation, all of which lead to grain dry matter and quality losses. Results indicated that vDML increased with increasing xs, and the mean vDML was 1.5 times greater for samples with 16% splits than for samples with 4% splits. The MS for soybeans was linearly correlated with xs, decreasing from 1.0 to 0.60 for 0% to 16% splits, respectively. Soybeans appeared to be more sensitive to percent by weight splits than corn was to the presence of damaged kernels. In Standard D535, the MD for corn only decreased from 1.0 to 0.8 when percent (w/w) damaged kernel content increased from 30% to 40%. In comparison, it should be noted that damage to soybeans was defined differently from damage to corn. This research is useful in defining MS for 18% moisture content soybeans stored at 35°C under hermetic conditions. The procedures outlined in this article may be used in the future to more formally define a soybean MS that covers a wider range of moisture contents, storage conditions, and possibly an MD based on other factors included in the USDA definitions of damaged soybean kernels. Keywords: Allowable storage time, Grain quality, Splits multiplier.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF SIX COMMERCIAL HAY PRESERVATIVES UNDER SIMULATED STORAGE CONDITIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. BARON ◽  
G. G. GREER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Mould Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Loss

Rehydrated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay was used to test the effectiveness of six commercial hay additives in the laboratory. The additives were designated B1 (live bacterial culture, protease and cellulose enzymes) P1 (67% propionic acid partly neutralized with ammonia) R2 (25% propionic acid and unspecified amounts of other organic acids and flavorings), S (92% sodium sulphate), P3 (19% propionic acid and unspecified amounts of other organic acids and flavorings) and B2 (12% lactic acid and fermentation extract). The additives were assessed on their ability to prevent deterioration in in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), heating and mould growth, loss of dry matter and associated parameters at hay moistures ranging from 15 to 35% moisture with additive rates specified by the manufacturer. After 21 d of storage and at all moisture levels P1 (1.25% wt wt−1) maintained IVDOM and most other parameters at levels similar (P ≤ 0.05) to an unspoiled Control at 15% moisture. P2 (0.2% wt wt−1) reduced heating and mould growth and maintained IVDOM to the levels of unspoiled hay up to 25% moisture. P3 (0.3% wt wt−1) provided slight improvements in IVDOM up to 25% moisture, but did not prevent heating. S (0.1% wt wt−1) limited dry matter loss at 20% moisture. Alfalfa hays treated with B1 (0.1% wt wt−1) or B2 (80 or 100 mL t−1 of dry matter) were not different from the control hay for any parameters. At 25% moisture B1 and B2 did not affect the growth of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria or moulds while P1 inhibited the growth of moulds and aerobic bacteria. Based primarily on maintaining consistently high IVDOM at ≥ 25% moisture the order of effectiveness was P1 > P2 = P3 > S = B1 = B2. The slight effects of P2 and P3 on IVDOM may not be evident in the field. Key words: Rehydrated alfalfa hay, in vitro digestibility, microbial changes

scholarly journals Comparison of Dry Matter Loss Rates from Static and Dynamic Grain Respiration Measurement Systems for Soybeans at 18% Moisture Content and 30°C

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-903
Author(s):  
Ana B. Gatsakos ◽  
Lucas R. Trevisan ◽  
Kaneeka Sood ◽  
Mary-Grace C. Danao ◽  
Kent D. Rausch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
List Type ◽  
Static System ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Loss Rates

HighlightsDesign, description, and comparison of static (S) and dynamic (D) grain respiration measurement systems (GRMS).No differences were detected between dry matter loss rates (vDML) from S-GRMS and D-GRMS for soybeans at 18% moisture content and 30°C stored for 20 d.Literature reports variable vDML estimates for soybeans stored in S-GRMS and D-GRMS; more studies should be conducted with a wider range of storage conditions before developing maximum allowable safe storage time guidelines.Abstract. Time to reach 0.5% dry matter loss (DML) is the estimated maximum allowable storage time (MAST) for shelled corn and has been suggested for use with other grains. Respiration studies have reported various estimates of this threshold depending on the type of grain respiration measurement system (GRMS) and storage conditions tested. The objectives of this study were (1) to design and evaluate two GRMS in which oxygen needed for respiration was limited in a static system (S-GRMS) or continuously supplied in a dynamic system (D-GRMS) during storage and (2) to compare the effects of GRMS on DML rates (vDML) for 18% moisture content soybeans stored at 30°C for 20 d. In this study, S-GRMS and D-GRMS units were designed to conduct respiration tests. Respired CO2 (mg CO2) was measured over time and used to calculate the specific mass of respired CO2 (mg CO2 kg-1 d.b. beans) and subsequent DML (%) using stoichiometric ratios from the respiration chemical reaction. DML rates, vDML (% d-1), were estimated by least squares linear regression of DML and time data. Four replications of respiration tests were conducted in each GRMS. Average estimates of vDML were 0.0157% d-1 and 0.0189% d-1 for S-GRMS and D-GRMS, respectively. Mean vDML from D-GRMS tests was 1.2 times greater than mean vDML from S-GRMS but not statistically different (p = 0.09). However, the coefficient of variation was 8 times greater for D-GRMS than for S-GRMS. More studies with a wider range of storage conditions should be conducted for development of a safety factor between both systems prior to using data from respiration of soybeans in the literature to estimate MAST. Keywords: Dry matter loss, Grain storage, Respiration, Soybeans.

Machine learning algorithms to predict the dry matter loss of stored soybean grains ( Glycine max L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soares Zeymer ◽  
Felipe Guzzo ◽  
Marcos Eduardo Viana Araujo ◽  
Richard Stephen Gates ◽  
Paulo Cesar Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Glycine Max L
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