Dwarf mistletoe seed dispersal and germination in southwestern Alberta

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
In The Beginning

In 1966, numbers of seeds of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumamericanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) dispersed from two transplanted lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) decreased logarithmically with increasing distance from the trees. In two study areas in 1967–1969. dispersal of seeds from individual plants began in late August and was completed in 2–3 weeks. Differences of up to 2 weeks in the beginning and duration of dispersal were apparent between the areas. On one occasion, a difference in seed dispersal was noted between plants originating from seed collected at the two study areas and growing on a single tree at another location. Seed germination began in middle to late April, and in 4–6 weeks, 10–50% of the seeds had germinated.

Overstory spread and intensification of hemlock dwarf mistletoe

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Early Removal ◽  
Residual Tree ◽  
Early Damage

Development of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumtsugense (Rosendahl) G.N. Jones) on 51 western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees planted in 1963 at varying distances from an infected residual tree is described. Distribution of infections in the planted trees related directly to seed-dispersal patterns, i.e., it was influenced mainly by distance and direction from the infected residual. Factors controlling the numbers of infections produced included the amount of throughfall and winter depredation of seed, germination, and infection success. From an initial dispersal of 100 seeds, an average of 37 attached firmly and were retained on the branches the next spring, 23 germinated, and 13 caused infection. The influence of early autumn frosts, death of established infections, and variation in resistance levels in the trees on the ultimate number of functioning infections is documented. It was concluded that with early removal of the overstory source, levels of infection sufficiently high to cause significant early damage on all intervening regeneration would result with about 86 evenly scattered, severely infected residuals per hectare.

Pathogenicity of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2368-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith N. Egger ◽  
J. W. Paden
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Infection

Forty isolates of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) were tested for in vitro pathogenicity on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. Two known pathogens, Caloscypha fulgens (Pers.) Boud. and Botrytis cinerea Pers., were included as a check of the method. Caloscypha fulgens was the only fungus that caused serious declines in seed germination, although several species of postfire Pezizales were capable of preemergence seed infection. Rhizina undulata Fr. and Pyropyxis rubra (Peck) Egger were strongly pathogenic on germinants. Pyropyxis rubra was not previously known to be pathogenic. Many isolates were weakly pathogenic on germinants under the conditions tested.

Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
M. Celeste Díaz Vélez ◽  
Ana E. Ferreras ◽  
Valeria Paiaro
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Origin Life

Abstract Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.

scholarly journals Effects of Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Growth in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Epp ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

The Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is an important pathogen of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Dwarf Mistletoe alters tree form, suppresses growth, and reduces volume and overall wood quality of its host. Stem analysis and a 3-parameter logistic regression model were used to compare the growth of heavily and lightly to non infected Jack Pine trees. At the time of sampling, no significant reduction in diameter at breast height and basal area were observed in heavily infected trees. However, a significant reduction in height and volume and an increase in taper were observed in heavily infected trees. Growth models predicted a 21.1% lower basal area, 23.4% lower height and 42.1% lower volume by age 60 for the high infection group.

scholarly journals Frugivory and seed dispersal of golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia (Linnaeus, 1766)) in a forest fragment in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ. Lapenta ◽  
P. Procópio-de-Oliveira ◽  
MCM. Kierulff ◽  
JC. Motta-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Leontopithecus Rosalia ◽  
Lion Tamarin ◽  
Seed Disperser ◽  
Golden Lion Tamarin ◽  
Field L

The influence of the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) as a seed disperser was studied by monitoring two groups of tamarins from December 1998 to December 2000 (871.9 hours of observations) in a forest fragment in south-east Brazil. The tamarins consumed fruits of 57 species from at least 17 families. They ingested the seeds of 39 species, and 23 of these were put to germinate in the laboratory and/or in the field. L. rosalia is a legitimate seed disperser because the seeds of all species tested germinated after ingestion, albeit some in low percentages. These primates do not show a consistent effect in final seed germination, because they benefit some species while damaging others. Feces were examined for seeds that had been preyed upon or digested.

Temperature Relations of Lodgepole-Pine Seed Germination

Ecology ◽  
1931 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand W. Haasis ◽  
Adrian C. Thrupp
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Lodgepole Pine

scholarly journals Aerial Applications of Ethylene-Releasing Chemicals Fail to Promote Abscission of Dwarf Mistletoe Aerial Shoots on Jack Pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
F. A. Baker ◽  
K. Knowles ◽  
T. R. Meyer ◽  
D. W. French
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe

The ethylene-releasing chemical Cerone was applied in early August to two strands of jack pine infested with the lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe in northwestern Manitoba. Nine weeks after aerial application, Cerone failed to cause appreciable abscission of dwarf mistletoe aerial shoots, while almost 90% of the aerial shoots on branches treated from the ground had abscised. Ground application of Cerone could reduce spread of dwarf mistletoe by limiting seed production. Key Words: Arceuthobium, jack pine, chemical control

Increase of Dwarf Mistletoe Infections on Young Lodgepole Pine

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
John A. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Rate Base

Field studies in southern Alberta revealed a rapid increase in the incidence of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumamericanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) in young lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.). In 10 areas of infected trees, the number of infections increased exponentially at a mean rate (base 10 logarithm) of 0.24 per year (range: 0.19–0.29 among areas). Differences in rates of increase among areas were not significant.

Fires and dwarf mistletoe in a Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine ecosystem

1998 ◽  
Vol 108 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt F Kipfmueller ◽  
William L Baker
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe
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