Relations entre la densité de peuplement et la qualité du bouleau jaune

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fortin ◽  
M. R. Roberge ◽  
P. E. Vézina
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Stem Quality

A sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) – yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britton)–beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.) stand has been treated in 1963 by two thinning intensities. Yellow birch stems of the sample plots established before cutting have been studied in 1972. The various characteristics determining stem quality were considered in factorial analysis. Branch number did not affect stem quality to any degree; curve and diseases of the stem contributed equally to its qualitative depreciation. Thinning intensity did not substantially affect branch number and curve of the stem. Competition removal in a radius up to 6 m around yellow birch did not cause stem diseases. On the contrary, the growth increase inherent in the thinning has helped wound closure and has checked disease entry.

Effect of Thinning on the Production of High-quality Wood in a Quebec Northern Hardwood Stand

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Roberge
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Fire Origin

In 1963, two intensities of thinning were carried out in a 60-year-old northern hardwood stand of fire origin. Yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt.) made up as much as 40% of the total number of trees 9 cm d.b.h. and up. By 1973, both sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch had responded to thinning, the former more than the latter. The percentages of yellow birch trees had not changed regardless of treatment. There were between 120 and 129 trees/ha of the 25–39 cm diameter class in the unthinned as well as in the thinned areas. Basal area of the trees 9 cm d.b.h. and up had increased by 5.4, 7.6, and 8.1 m2/ha in the unthinned, 20% thinned, and 40% thinned area, respectively. A decrease in stem quality was not observed, even at the 40% thinning intensity. Both thinning intensities were thus successful except that they somewhat favored sugar maple at the expense of yellow birch.

scholarly journals Effets de l'éclaircie précommerciale et de la fertilisation sur un gaulis de 10 ans à dominance de bouleau jaune

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Robitaille ◽  
Gilles Sheedy ◽  
Yvon Richard
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Equal Radius

One yellow birch was selected every 4.5 metres in a sugar maple-yellow birch sapling stand, and released from competition by removing all stems whose crown extended into a column of equal radius (R) from the stump to the top of the tree. The experiment comprises three studies and includes four thinning intensities (R=0 m, R=0,5 m, R= 1,0 m, R= 1,5 m) and five fertilization treatments (three with N-P-K and two with N). Dbh, story and natural pruning data were taken on 2 258 yellow birches distributed in 48 sample plots; heights were measured on 10 per 100 of the trees.Five years later, the results of the three studies show that dbh growth increased with thinning intensity and tree dominance; for the heavy release (R15) the dbh increment is 3.9 cm for the dominants, 3.1 cm for the codominants and 2.6 cm for the intermediates. However, heavy release interferes temporarily with natural pruning.The presence of N and K increased in the foliage of yellow birch with fertilization but height increment was not affected and diameter increment was slightly higher with the moderate release (R10). Key words: Sapling, thinning, crop-tree release, fertilization, growth, natural pruning, Betula alleghaniensis (Britt.).

Accroissement d'une érablière à la suite de coupes d'éclaircie: résultats de 20 ans

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pothier
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Significant Difference

Two intensities of thinning were executed in a 50-year-old sugar maple stand of the Station forestière de Duchesnay (46°57′N, 71°39′W). Initial basal area was reduced by 22 and 35% in moderate and heavy thinned plots, respectively. Twenty years after treatment, basal area of thinned plots approached that of controls and their basal area in sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) was larger than that of controls. Diameter growth of sugar maples was proportional to the intensity of thinning and a significant difference was detected between thinned and unthinned plots. Net increment of the 70 sampled plots was proportional to the intensity of thinning but mortality was inversely related to the thinning level. Ingrowth was also proportional to the intensity of thinning but its impact on net increment was relatively low. Ten years following treatment, the number of saplings of yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt.) increased with increasing thinning intensity. However, the number of sugar maple saplings remains stable among treatments for all measurement periods. Diameter growth was not affected in sugar maples with annual tapping in comparison to sugar maples with no tapping during the whole study period.

Coupes par bandes dans des peuplements de feuillus—Résultats après 14 ans

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Regeneration Study

Clearcutting of 20, 40 and 60 m wide strips was done in 1970 in Malakoff township, in the lower part of the Dumoine river watershed. A regeneration study took place in 1984.Analysis of results shows that the strips are well regenerated. The proportion of yellow birch grows with the width of the strips, that is, from 20 to60 m. To this effect strips of 60 m seem to be better for regenerating yellow birch but the future of this species seems to be better ensured in 40-m-wide strips.Yellow birch and sugar maple constitute the main part of the actual stands. If treatment is done and if observed trends persist, yellow birch should account for 21, 26 and 44% of the stems in mature stands of the 20-, 40- and 60-m strips respectively. With treatment, the presence of yellow birch could be increased to nearly 48%.

Exploring the Recruitment Dynamics of Sugar Maple and Yellow Birch Saplings into Merchantable Stems Following Harvesting in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Noel ◽  
Jules Comeau ◽  
Salah-Eddine El Adlouni ◽  
Gaetan Pelletier ◽  
Marie-Andrée Giroux
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Silvicultural Treatment ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acadian Forest

The recruitment of saplings in forest stands into merchantable stems is a very complex process, thus making it challenging to understand and predict. The recruitment dynamics in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick are not well known or documented. Our objective was to draw an inference from existing large scale routine forest inventories as to the different dynamics behind the recruitment from the sapling layer into the commercial tree size layer in terms of density and occurrence of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) following harvesting, by looking at many factors on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales using models. Results suggest that the variation in density and probability of occurrence is best explained by the intensity of silvicultural treatment, by the merchantable stem density in each plot, and by the proportion of merchantable basal area of each group of species. The number of recruits of sugar maple and yellow birch stems tend be higher when time since last treatment increases, when mid to low levels of silvicultural treatment intensity were implemented, and within plots having intermediate levels of merchantable stem density. Lastly, our modeling efforts suggest that the probability of occurrence and density of recruitment of both species tend to increase while its share of merchantable basal area increases.

Sap yields, sugar content, and soluble carbohydrates of saps and syrups of some Canadian birch and maple species

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. C. Jones ◽  
I. Alli
Keyword(s):  
Sap Flow ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Maple Sap

During the spring of 1984 and 1985, white birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh), sweet birch (B. lenta L), and yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis Britt.) were tapped to determine sap yields and syrup characteristics. These properties were compared with sap yields and syrup produced from sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh) and red maple (A. rubrum L). The sap flow seasons were as follows: white birch, 23 days (April 7–29, 1984) and 29 days (April 5 – May 3, 1985); sweet birch, 26 days (1984); yellow birch, 25 days (1985). The sap flow season for the maple species was much earlier than the birch species. Maple sap flow seasons were as follows: sugar maple, 16 days (March 28 – April 12, 1984) and 45 days (March 10 – April 23, 1985); red maple, 44 days (March 11 – April 23, 1985). Sap yields were as follows: white birch, 80.5 L in 1984 (1.0% sap) 51.0 L in 1985 (1.0% sap); sweet birch, 48.0 L in 1984 (0.5% sap); yellow birch, 28.4 L in 1985 (0.5% sap); red maple, 30.6 L in 1985 (2.3% sap); sugar maple, 53.5 L in 1985 (4.5% sap). Sap analyses showed the average total carbohydrate content of all birch saps and all maple saps was 9.2 and 24.5 g/L, respectively. The average sugar contents of the syrups from the birch saps and the maple saps were 302 and 711 g/L, respectively. The average pH of birch and maple saps were similar but the average pH of the syrups obtained from the birch saps was substantially lower than that of the syrups obtained from the maple saps.

scholarly journals Tolerant hardwood natural regeneration 15 years after various silvicultural treatments on an industrial freehold of northwestern New Brunswick

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (04) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Béland ◽  
Bruno Chicoine
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Selection Cutting

We examined applicability of various partial cutting systems in order to regenerate tolerant hardwood stands dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccarhum), American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) on northern New Brunswick J.D. Irving Ltd. freehold land. Sampling of 1065 one-m2 plots in 31 stands managed by selection cutting, shelterwood method and strip or patch cutting and in six control stands allowed a 15-year retrospective study of natural regeneration in stands of low residual densities and with minimal soil disturbance and no control of competing vegetation. Beech regeneration was most abundant in the patch cuts, yellow birch in shelterwood stands and sugar maple in the selection system areas. Results suggest that initial stand conditions influence the composition of the regeneration more than the prescribed treatment. At the stand scale (a few hectares), sugar maple recruitment was positively influenced by its proportion in the initial stand, and negatively by the cover of herbs and shrubs. Yellow birch regeneration was mainly affected by shrub competition. At the plot (1 m2) scale, mineral soil and decayed wood substrates and ground-level transmitted light were determinant factors for yellow birch regeneration. Beech-dominated stands were likely to regenerate to beech. A dense beech sucker understory was promoted in harvested patches. Areas with dense understory of American beech, shrubs, or herbs require site preparation to reduce interference either before or at the time of partial cutting. Shelterwood seed cutting and selection cutting should leave a residual of 12 m2/ha and 17 m2/ha respectively in seed trees uniformly distributed.

SUGAR PRODUCTION BY WHITE AND YELLOW BIRCHES

1944 ◽  
Vol 22c (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. V. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Birch Trees

White and yellow birch trees produced an abundance of sap, but the yield of sugar was on the average only about one-third that of the sugar maple. Results indicate that yellow birch sap contains invert sugar with small amounts of sucrose, and that white birch sap contains a mixture of fructose and invert sugar. Syrups prepared from white and yellow birch saps by concentrating 100 times were similar in taste and appearance to commercial corn syrup.

Succession des micro-organismes à la suite de blessures artificielles au tronc chez le bouleau jaune (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt.) et l'érable à sucre (Acersaccharum Marsh.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Lavallée ◽  
Alain Bard
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
General Decay ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Linear Extent ◽  
Birch Trees

Xylem of sugar maple and yellow birch trees were exposed to natural infection by making axe blazes to simulate mechanical injuries. After 8, 21, and 34 months, dissection and isolations made from the discolored wood permitted the localization of certain microorganisms in three arbitrarily determined zones. Longitudinal and radial development of discoloration associated with wounds was more rapid in yellow birch than in sugar maple. There was evidence of a succession of organisms in the colonization of the wounds which was subsequent to the first discoloration process and involved different organisms in the two hosts. In general, decay fungi did not appear until after 21 months. Cytosporadecipiens occurred exclusively in discolored wood of sugar maple while Phialophora spp. and Cephalosporium sp. dominated the discolored wood of yellow birch. Bacteria were more frequent in yellow birch than in sugar maple. Relationships between size of injuries, linear extent of the discoloration produced, and identity of the various organisms involved are also presented.

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