Accroissement d'une érablière à la suite de coupes d'éclaircie: résultats de 20 ans

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pothier
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Significant Difference

Two intensities of thinning were executed in a 50-year-old sugar maple stand of the Station forestière de Duchesnay (46°57′N, 71°39′W). Initial basal area was reduced by 22 and 35% in moderate and heavy thinned plots, respectively. Twenty years after treatment, basal area of thinned plots approached that of controls and their basal area in sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) was larger than that of controls. Diameter growth of sugar maples was proportional to the intensity of thinning and a significant difference was detected between thinned and unthinned plots. Net increment of the 70 sampled plots was proportional to the intensity of thinning but mortality was inversely related to the thinning level. Ingrowth was also proportional to the intensity of thinning but its impact on net increment was relatively low. Ten years following treatment, the number of saplings of yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt.) increased with increasing thinning intensity. However, the number of sugar maple saplings remains stable among treatments for all measurement periods. Diameter growth was not affected in sugar maples with annual tapping in comparison to sugar maples with no tapping during the whole study period.

Effect of Thinning on the Production of High-quality Wood in a Quebec Northern Hardwood Stand

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Roberge
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Fire Origin

In 1963, two intensities of thinning were carried out in a 60-year-old northern hardwood stand of fire origin. Yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt.) made up as much as 40% of the total number of trees 9 cm d.b.h. and up. By 1973, both sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch had responded to thinning, the former more than the latter. The percentages of yellow birch trees had not changed regardless of treatment. There were between 120 and 129 trees/ha of the 25–39 cm diameter class in the unthinned as well as in the thinned areas. Basal area of the trees 9 cm d.b.h. and up had increased by 5.4, 7.6, and 8.1 m2/ha in the unthinned, 20% thinned, and 40% thinned area, respectively. A decrease in stem quality was not observed, even at the 40% thinning intensity. Both thinning intensities were thus successful except that they somewhat favored sugar maple at the expense of yellow birch.

Exploring the Recruitment Dynamics of Sugar Maple and Yellow Birch Saplings into Merchantable Stems Following Harvesting in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Noel ◽  
Jules Comeau ◽  
Salah-Eddine El Adlouni ◽  
Gaetan Pelletier ◽  
Marie-Andrée Giroux
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Silvicultural Treatment ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acadian Forest

The recruitment of saplings in forest stands into merchantable stems is a very complex process, thus making it challenging to understand and predict. The recruitment dynamics in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick are not well known or documented. Our objective was to draw an inference from existing large scale routine forest inventories as to the different dynamics behind the recruitment from the sapling layer into the commercial tree size layer in terms of density and occurrence of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) following harvesting, by looking at many factors on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales using models. Results suggest that the variation in density and probability of occurrence is best explained by the intensity of silvicultural treatment, by the merchantable stem density in each plot, and by the proportion of merchantable basal area of each group of species. The number of recruits of sugar maple and yellow birch stems tend be higher when time since last treatment increases, when mid to low levels of silvicultural treatment intensity were implemented, and within plots having intermediate levels of merchantable stem density. Lastly, our modeling efforts suggest that the probability of occurrence and density of recruitment of both species tend to increase while its share of merchantable basal area increases.

Growth following single-tree selection cutting in Québec northern hardwoods

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Bédard ◽  
Zoran Majcen
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Northern Hardwoods ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Single Tree Selection

Eight experimental blocks were established in the southern part of Québec to determine the growth response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) dominated stands after single tree selection cutting. Each block contained eight control plots (no cut) and eight cut plots. The intensity of removal varied between 21% and 32% and residual basal area was between 18.2 and 21 m2/ha. Ten year net annual basal area growth rates in cut plots (0.35 ± 0.04 m2/ha) were significantly higher (p = 0.0022) than in control plots (0.14 ± 0.06 m2/ha). The treatment particularly favoured diameter growth of stems between 10 and 30 cm in dbh, whose crowns were released by removing neighbouring trees. These results show that if the same net growth rate is maintained in the next decade most of the cut plots will reach their pre-cut basal area in about 20 years after cutting. Key words: northern hardwoods, selection cutting, uneven aged silviculture, basal area growth, diameter growth

Leaf- and plant-level carbon gain in yellow birch, sugar maple, and beech seedlings from contrasting forest light environments

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilou Beaudet ◽  
Christian Messier ◽  
David W Hilbert ◽  
Ernest Lo ◽  
Zhang M Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Plant Level

Leaf-level photosynthetic-light response and plant-level daily carbon gain were estimated for seedlings of moderately shade-tolerant yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) and shade-tolerant sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) growing in gaps and under a closed canopy in a sugar maple stand at Duchesnay, Que. All three species had a higher photosynthetic capacity (Amax) in the gaps than in shade, but yellow birch and beech responded more markedly than sugar maple to the increase in light availability. The high degree of plasticity observed in beech suggests that the prediction that photosynthetic plasticity should decrease with increasing shade tolerance may not hold when comparisons are made among a few late-successional species. Unit-area daily carbon gain (CA) was significantly higher in the gaps than in shade for all three species, but no significant difference was observed between light environments for plant-level carbon gain (CW). In shade, we found no difference of CA and CW among species. In gaps, beech had a significantly higher CA than sugar maple but similar to that of birch, and birch had a significantly higher CW than maple but similar to that of beech. Sugar maple consistently had lower carbon gains than yellow birch and beech but is nevertheless the dominant species at our study site. These results indicate that although plant-level carbon gain is presumably more closely related to growth and survival of a species than leaf-level photosynthesis, it is still many steps removed from the ecological success of a species.

Discolouration and decay associated with paraformaldehyde-treated tapholes in sugar maple

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell S. Walters ◽  
Alex L. Shigo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Measurement ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
And Control

More decay (higher incidence and greater total length of column) was associated with tapholes in mature sugar maples (Acersaccharum Marsh.) treated with a 250-mg paraformaldehyde pill than with control tapholes. This was apparent 20 months after treatment and at each successive examination to the final measurement at 56 months. Discoloured columns associated with pill-treated tapholes were longer than those associated with control tapholes for the first 8 months. From that time until the final measurement there were no statistically significant differences between lengths of discoloured columns associated with pill-treated and control tapholes. Cambial dieback occurred adjacent to many tapholes but there was no significant difference in closure rates of treated and control tapholes. Results were obtained from dissections and studies of 180 mature trees over a 56-month period in six locations in Vermont in one experiment, and from 75 trees over a 20-month period in three locations each in Vermont, Maine, New York, Pennsylvania, and Michigan in another experiment. The results indicate that repeated use of paraformaldehyde will lead to rapid development of decay in sugar maple trees.

A comparison of the growth basal area stocking level curve to a number of curves developed from south central Oregon tree data

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
William E. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
The West ◽  
South Central ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tree Data ◽  
Single Regression

A single regression supporting the growth basal area concept was compared with regressions developed from various south central Oregon coniferous trees. Growth basal area is the basal area at which dominant trees grow 1 in. (25 mm) in diameter per decade referenced at age 100 years. Regressions developed from ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.) and lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) data were significantly different from the single published regression. White fir (Abiesconcolor Gord. & Glend.) and Shasta red fir (Abiesmagnifica var. shastensis Lemm.) data also proved to be significantly different. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) data indicated no significant difference when compared with the published growth basal area curve. Therefore, application of the published growth basal area curve to stands found in south central Oregon would be considerably less precise than those curves developed from tree data collected in south central Oregon. Since tree stockability and diameter growth react to both edaphic and climatic conditions, caution is extended to users in other parts of the west.

scholarly journals Impact of liming on the abundance and vigor of Armillaria rhizomorphs in Allegheny hardwoods stands

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Marçais ◽  
P M Wargo
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Somatic Incompatibility ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Root Collar

Abundance of rhizomorphs of Armillaria was characterized in 1995-1996 in 32 plots located in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands in the Susquehannock State Forest (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.). All of the plots were thinned, and half of the plots were limed in 1985 when the plots were established. Frequency and abundance of Armillaria rhizomorphs in soil samples, on dead wood food bases (stumps, snags, fallen logs), and on the root collar of living sugar maples were determined in each plot. Rhizomorph vigor was evaluated by measuring their ability to colonize fresh striped maple (Acer pennsylvanicum L.) stem sections in the soil, or potato tubers in the laboratory. Isolates of Armillaria were obtained from rhizomorphs in the soil samples and species were determined by somatic incompatibility tests. Armillaria calvescens Bérubé & Dessureault was the major species present, representing about 66% of the isolates. Armillaria gemina Bérubé & Dessureault and Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer were also identified in the plots. Frequency of rhizomorphs in the soil, on food bases, abundance of rhizomorphs on root collars, as well as the proportion of rhizomorphs per plot that regenerated and (or) colonized fresh substrates were all correlated. However, abundance of ectotrophic rhizomorphs on the root collar was only weakly correlated with the other components of rhizomorph abundance and vigor. Frequency of the rhizomorphs as well as their ability to colonize fresh substrates were greater in plots either limed or with a high proportion of the basal area in sugar maple prior to thinning. By contrast, abundance of ectotrophic rhizomorphs on root collars was not affected by these factors.

Tree growth, foliar chemistry, and nitrogen cycling across a nitrogen deposition gradient in southern Appalachian deciduous forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1901-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny L Boggs ◽  
Steven G McNulty ◽  
Michael J Gavazzi ◽  
Jennifer Moore Myers
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Foliar Chemistry ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Deposition Gradient ◽  
Response Variables

The declining health of high-elevation red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) in the southern Appalachian region has long been linked to nitrogen (N) deposition. Recently, N deposition has also been proposed as a source of negative health impacts in lower elevation deciduous forests. In 1998 we established 46 plots on six sites in North Carolina and Virginia dominated by American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt). We evaluated several response variables across an N deposition gradient, including annual basal area growth; foliage percent N, Al, P, K, Mg, and Ca; and forest floor percent N, Mg, and C, pH, and potential net nitrification and N mineralization rates. We found a significant linear relationship between N deposition and basal area growth in sugar maple, but not in American beech or yellow birch. In addition, we found a significant relationship between N deposition and foliar chemistry (foliar %N in all species, foliar Mg/N and %K in sugar maple, and %P in sugar maple and yellow birch). Foliar %N of the three studied species was high relative to values reported in other studies in the United States and Canada. Several forest floor response variables (%N, C/N, pH, Mg/N, and potential net nitrification and N mineralization rates and nitrification/mineralization fractions) were also correlated with N deposition. The correlations between the above response variables and N deposition are consistent with the influence of chronic N deposition on forested ecosystems measured in other regions and suggest that chronic N deposition may be influencing forest structure and chemistry within the southern region.

Basal area and diameter growth in high-graded eastern temperate mixedwood forests: the influence of acceptable growing stock, species, competition and climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Power ◽  
Patricia Raymond ◽  
Marcel Prévost ◽  
Vincent Roy ◽  
Frank Berninger
Keyword(s):  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Mixedwood Forests ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
History Of

AbstractHarvesting practices in temperate mixedwoods of eastern North America have a history of diameter-limit cuts, which have often resulted in degraded residual stands. In this study, we examined the factors influencing stand basal area (BA) and tree diameter growth in previously high-graded mixedwood forests, to understand which stands are more likely to recover from high-grading. Over 15 years, we monitored tree growth, recruitment and stem quality of 532 sample plots that were located in high-graded stands of Quebec’s mixedwood forest. We found that diameter growth rates were positively correlated with precipitation-related variables for balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and for yellow birch (Betulla alleghaniensis) but opposing trends for temperature-related variables were found. Conversely to balsam fir, yellow birch growth was positively correlated to temperature variables. Our results also show that BA growth was greater for plots with a larger acceptable growing stock (AGS: trees with potential sawlog production) and that the increase in AGS was greater for plots with larger amount of conifer BA. These result highlights the importance to maintain a proportion of conifer trees in these mixed stands. Moreover, the significant effect of asymmetric competition in our study underscores the relevance of considering the spatial distribution when choosing crop trees.

scholarly journals Effets de l'éclaircie précommerciale et de la fertilisation sur un gaulis de 10 ans à dominance de bouleau jaune

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Robitaille ◽  
Gilles Sheedy ◽  
Yvon Richard
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Equal Radius

One yellow birch was selected every 4.5 metres in a sugar maple-yellow birch sapling stand, and released from competition by removing all stems whose crown extended into a column of equal radius (R) from the stump to the top of the tree. The experiment comprises three studies and includes four thinning intensities (R=0 m, R=0,5 m, R= 1,0 m, R= 1,5 m) and five fertilization treatments (three with N-P-K and two with N). Dbh, story and natural pruning data were taken on 2 258 yellow birches distributed in 48 sample plots; heights were measured on 10 per 100 of the trees.Five years later, the results of the three studies show that dbh growth increased with thinning intensity and tree dominance; for the heavy release (R15) the dbh increment is 3.9 cm for the dominants, 3.1 cm for the codominants and 2.6 cm for the intermediates. However, heavy release interferes temporarily with natural pruning.The presence of N and K increased in the foliage of yellow birch with fertilization but height increment was not affected and diameter increment was slightly higher with the moderate release (R10). Key words: Sapling, thinning, crop-tree release, fertilization, growth, natural pruning, Betula alleghaniensis (Britt.).

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