Economic Implications of Stocking and Budworm Attacks for Jack Pine Management

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Regional Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Management Alternatives

Regional growth and supply projections under selected management alternatives are crucial in planning necessary steps to meet increasing demands on a shrinking timber resource base. Knowledge about the growth and stocking conditions of second-growth stands is essential in such long-term projections especially if large geographical areas are considered. Two second-growth stocking assumptions were selected to illustrate the effect of stocking on management variables for the jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) inventory of northwestern Wisconsin and to indicate plausible ranges for future growth, growing stock, and harvest volumes. These stocking effects were studied in a deterministic environment and with the occurrence of stochastic infestations of jack pine budworm (Choristoneurapinuspinus Freeman). The analysis illustrated the strong sensitivity of system's variables to assumptions about stocking for two contrasting rotation alternatives. The sensitivity of the model was increased considerably when budworm infestations were simulated because jack pine budworm populations movements are strongly influenced by the stocking conditions of the host stand. Policies were identified for which more reliable projections of minimum expected growth and yields are possible than for presently-used policies for jack pine in the Lake States.

Relating jack pine budworm damage to stand inventory variables in northern Michigan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2180-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah G. McCullough ◽  
Lyle J. Buss ◽  
Larry D. Marshall ◽  
Jari Kouki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Northern Michigan

Stand-level mortality and top kill from a 1991–1993 jack pine budworm (Choristoneurapinuspinus Freeman) outbreak were surveyed annually in the Raco Plains area of the Hiawatha National Forest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula from 1992 to 1994. Defoliation was visually estimated and percentage of trees killed or top killed was determined in 104 stands. In 1994, tree mortality attributable to the outbreak averaged 8% and 17% of trees had dead tops. Current stand inventory data, including age, site index, basal area, and size, were acquired from the Hiawatha Forest. Stands were grouped on the basis of inventory variables used for jack pine management in the Lake States region of the United States. Differences in tree mortality and top kill between groups, and associations between tree mortality and inventory variables, were evaluated. Tree mortality was greater in overmature stands and in overstocked stands, but stand size had little effect. Contrary to expectations, mortality was lower on poor sites with low site index values than on better sites with higher site index values. Mortality was not related to abundance of open-grown, full-canopied wolf trees or to abundance of trees infected with pine gall rust (Endocronartiumharknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka (=Peridermiumharknessii J.P. Moore)). Amount of top kill was related to defoliation severity and was higher in overmature and understocked stands. Top kill was not strongly associated with amount of tree mortality or with inventory variables.

Jack pine budworm population behaviour in northwestern Wisconsin

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jan A. Volney ◽  
Deborah G. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Population Regulation ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Dependent Processes

Long-term (17–31 year) density estimates of jack pine budworm, Choristoneurapinuspinus Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), populations from 31 townships in northwestern Wisconsin were analyzed to investigate variation in population behaviour. Populations had varying combinations of cyclic components with periods of 5, 6, and 10 years. Populations that fluctuated with higher frequencies (shorter periods between outbreaks) tended to be found in locations where the habitat type was indicative of nutrient-poor and extremely dry soils. Many populations in these habitat types had high mean densities, and the coefficient of variation in density was smaller than that in other populations. Just under half (14) of the populations were regulated by statistically significant second-order density-dependent processes. Nevertheless, second-order processes were present to some extent in all populations examined. These results demonstrated that detection of density dependence and population regulation of jack pine budworm depends on the local site where studies are undertaken. Population fluctuations encountered in these populations are of the phase-forgetting quasi-cyclic kind. Studies of mechanisms that account for these cycles and cause populations to fluctuate at three different characteristic frequencies promise to be rewarding.

Early family selection in jack pine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carter ◽  
G. W. Adams ◽  
M. S. Greenwood ◽  
P. Nitschke
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Accelerate Growth ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Early Family

Twenty open-pollinated families of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) were grown for 16 to 21 months in two different greenhouse regimes, one providing an extended growing season with natural photoperiod and one employing control of temperature and photoperiod to accelerate growth cycles. Height measurements during and at the end of greenhouse growth were compared with height of 7-year-old seedlings of the same families growing in field tests. For both greenhouse regimes, height at the end of the second growth cycle was positively correlated with 7-year field height. Greenhouse measurements correctly classified the majority of families into upper and lower groups based on field heights. Early family selection in jack pine appears to have applications in long-term breeding strategies.

Goat and Sheep Grazing in Shrub-Infested Semi-arid Woodlands of New South Wales.

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
BH Downing
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Local Observation ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Western Division

Examination of data on dietary preferences of sheep, goats and cattle suggests that different grazing systems are desirable for each of the three major woodland types (belah-rosewood, mulga, poplar box) examined. Competition for herbs, frequently palatable to all animal species, indicates that goats and sheep are unsuitable for joint use either in heavily wooded country or where annual herbaceous production is less than 200 kg-ha. Supplementary feeding, fire and judicious stocking are proposed as a strategy for inducing goats to eat a proportion of unpalatable shrubs. The literature provides little helpful information on how rangelands in the Western Division should be managed. No reports are given on comparisons of grazing systems, such as rotational grazing, rotational resting, and continuous grazing. No guidance is given on grazing after burning of the rangeland. Recommendations are generally against the use of goats for control of woody plants, whereas local observation shows this to be an apparently effective practice. The recommendations are mostly based on experimental procedures which, although suitable for detecting animal dietary preferences in the short term, are less appropriate for investigation of the effects of grazing on range condition in the long term. Some suggestions are made towards a different approach for: investigating the effects of grazing by sheep and goats on rangeland condition, and the economic implications of this in terms of animal production.

Long-term management impacts on carbon storage in Lake States forests

2011 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Powers ◽  
Randall Kolka ◽  
Brian Palik ◽  
Rachel McDonald ◽  
Martin Jurgensen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Term Management

ROBUST INTERVAL-BASED MINIMAX-REGRET ANALYSIS METHOD FOR FILTER MANAGEMENT OF FLUID POWER SYSTEM

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350021
Author(s):  
SONGLIN NIE ◽  
HUI JI ◽  
YEQING HUANG ◽  
ZHEN HU ◽  
YONGPING LI
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Fluid Power ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Minimax Regret ◽  
Fluid Power System ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
Management Alternatives

Fluid contamination is one of the main reasons for the wear failure and the related downtime in a hydraulic power system. Filters play an important role in controlling the contamination effectively, increasing the reliability of the system, and maintaining the system economically. Due to the uncertainties of system parameters, the complicated relationship among components, as well as the lack of effective approach, managing filters is becoming one of the biggest challenges for engineers and decision makers. In this study, a robust interval-based minimax-regret analysis (RIMA) method is developed for the filter management in a fluid power system (FPS) under uncertainty. The RIMA method can handle the uncertainties existed in contaminant ingressions of the system and contaminant holding capacity of filters without making assumption on probabilistic distributions for random variables. Through analyzing the system cost of all possible filter management alternatives, an interval element regret matrix can be obtained, which enables decision makers to identify the optimal filter management strategy under uncertainty. The results of a case study indicate that the reasonable solutions generated can help decision makers understand the consequence of short-term and long-term decisions, identify optimal strategies for filter allocation and selection with minimized system-maintenance cost and system-failure risk.

The Effect of Jack-pine Staminate Flowers on the Size of Larvae of the Jack-pine Budworm, Choristoneura sp.

1950 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Lejeune
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm

The jack-pine budworm, Ohoristoneura sp., was first recorded by Graham (5, 6) as a new variety or race on jack pine. Subsequent studies by Graham (6 showed that in the early stages of their development the larvae of this insect prefer jack-pine staminate flowers as a habitat. Population records from Manitoba and northwestern Ontario indicate that infestations of the jack-pine budworm are invariably associated with an abundance of staminate flowers.

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