Seedling Size and Age as Factors of Morphogenesis in White Spruce Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss Buds

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F.W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Strong Relationships

Terminal bud formation was induced in seedling white spruce of different sizes by transferring seedlings to a 10-week short day treatment at ages ranging from 6 to 16 weeks. Subsequent counts of needles initiated and measurements of height increment showed strong relationships with height and age of seedlings during bud formation. The implications of results for regeneration schemes are discussed.

scholarly journals Gene expression changes during short day induced terminal bud formation in Norway spruce

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL K. A. ASANTE ◽  
IGOR A. YAKOVLEV ◽  
CARL GUNNAR FOSSDAL ◽  
ANNA HOLEFORS ◽  
LARS OPSETH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Terminal Bud

Hardening and dehardening of shoots and roots of containerized black spruce and white spruce seedlings under short and long days

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine J. Blgras ◽  
André L. D'aoust
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Response To Temperature

Containerized black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings that were 120 days old were acclimated under short-day (8-h photoperiod) and long-day (16-h photoperiod) conditions at 10 °C for 12 h and 5 °C for 12 h for 28 days. Afterwards, they were exposed to 3 °C (8-h photoperiod) for 21 days and to 0 °C (without light) for 28 days. Finally, seedlings were dehardened at 10 °C (14-h photoperiod) for 21 days. Hardening of needles, excised stem parts, and whole seedlings was increased by short-day treatment, whereas roots hardened only in response to lowering of temperature. Whole seedlings and needles exposed to the short-day treatment dehardened earlier, whereas roots dehardened only in response to temperature changes. Bud formation was not influenced by photoperiod treatment, but seedlings exposed to the short-day treatment had an earlier bud break. No significant difference was observed between photoperiod treatments for water, sugar, and mineral content of shoots and roots prior to or during dehardening.

EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF WHITE SPRUCE SEEDLINGS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Vaartaja
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
The Other ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Other Hand

Seedlings of Picea glauca were grown for 2 months under three photoperiodic treatments. Short day treatment induced early terminal dormancy and resistance to severe drought treatment. Long day treatments, on the other hand, allowed prolonged growth of most seedlings and made them susceptible to drought.

The effect of moderate moisture and nutrient stress on bud formation and growth of container-grown white spruce seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Macey ◽  
J. T. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Free Growth ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Needle Primordia

Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss seedlings were grown in controlled environment rooms following germination with a combination of fluorescent and incandescent lamps (ratio, 1.4:1) providing 390 μmol s−1 m−2 of photosynthetically active radiation over a 24-h photoperiod. Moderate moisture and nutrient stress treatments were applied to separate seedling groups (10 weeks from germination) for a 2-week period during the initial free growth phase when mean seedling shoot length had reached 12 cm. Photoperiod was then reduced to 8 h. Both periodic moisture stress (reaching −1.72 MPa) and nutrient withdrawal (N, P, K) were effective in inducing terminal bud formation in container-grown white spruce seedlings under nonlimiting photoperiod and the number of needle primordia subsequently formed in the terminal bud under short days was significantly reduced. However, decreased needle complements in the stressed seedlings did not result in reduced shoot growth in the second growing season. Free growth following extension of the preformed shoot compensated for the reduced amount of predetermined foliage.

Summer planting performance of white spruce 1 + 0 container seedlings affected by nursery short-day treatment

New Forests ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Tan ◽  
Steve Blanton ◽  
J. P. Bielech
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Container Seedlings ◽  
Short Day

Tree size affects accumulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in white spruce seedlings during short day-induced bud formation

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 941-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Dhont ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Yves Castonguay ◽  
Janice E.K. Cooke ◽  
Nathalie Isabel
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Steady State Levels

The present study documents the changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolites occurring in apical buds and previous year stems of white spruce seedlings ( Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) with contrasting growth phenotypes (tall vs. small) after transfer to short day (SD; 8 h) photoperiod to induce bud formation. Concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrates markedly increased in the developing buds within the days after transfer to SD, mainly as a result of increased concentrations of monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and pinitol. At the same time, starch levels declined, with the resulting carbohydrates presumably used to meet early carbon requirements of the SD-induced apical bud. Concentrations of glutamine, glutamic acid and proline also decreased immediately after transfer to SD in both organs. Later stages of SD-induced bud formation were characterized by an increase in starch, sucrose, and glutamine concentrations in previous year stems, concomitant with an increase in the steady-state levels of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glutamine synthetase protein. In contrast, arginine levels increased after 2 weeks of SD exposure, indicating a transition in arginine metabolism at the time of initiation of shoot stem primordia and bud elongation. Higher accumulation of total nonstructural carbohydrates and total amino acids in previous year stems of small trees could indicate lower sink strength of apical bud during its development, which could in turn impact subsequent tree growth.

Frost hardiness, height, and dormancy of 15 short-day, nursery-treated interior spruce seed lots

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C DB Hawkins ◽  
K B Shewan
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Day Nursery

Fifteen seed lots, five each from natural-stand, seed-orchard, and full-sib collections, of interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., and their naturally occurring hybrids) were sown in February 1993. One half of each seed lot received an ambient photoperiod (control) treatment, while the other half got a blackout (short-day) treatment. All seedlings were grown under ambient photoperiod except during the 17 days of blackout. Frost hardiness assessments were done between July and May. Blackout treatment was effective in regulating height and promoting frost hardiness in all seed lots, particularly vigorous ones. Seed lots originating from high latitude or elevation were more frost hardy both at fall lift and spring planting. Full-sib seed lots from similar latitude displayed no elevational frost-hardiness trend. Blackout treatment promoted seedling dormancy (estimated with days to bud break) at lift, but it had little or no effect on dormancy at planting. Seedling dormancy and frost hardiness were acquired and lost differently, suggesting that they are independent physiological processes. Blackout treatment significantly reduced new roots at planting in all lots. This could retard early field performance and negate the apparent utility of blackout treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of daylength on vernalization of winter rye. 2. Continued experiments with short-day vernalization in winter rye.

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
T.A. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Optimum Duration ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Accelerate Development ◽  
Short Days

In vernalization trials with winter rye, short-day treatment prior to cold treatment was capable of inducing accelerated development and early ear emergence even when the temperature during the former treatment was 25 degrees C. Short days imposed during protracted cold treatments could also accelerate development provided that the optimum duration of short-day vernalization (about 14 days) was not exceeded. Results confirmed the assumption that cold vernalization and short-day vernalization were different processes. [See also F.C.A. 18: 1236].-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Managing flowering time in Miscanthus and sugarcane to facilitate intra- and intergeneric crosses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0240390
Author(s):  
Hongxu Dong ◽  
Lindsay V. Clark ◽  
Xiaoli Jin ◽  
Kossonou Anzoua ◽  
Larisa Bagmet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Culm Length ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Short Days

Miscanthus is a close relative of Saccharum and a potentially valuable genetic resource for improving sugarcane. Differences in flowering time within and between Miscanthus and Saccharum hinders intra- and interspecific hybridizations. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted over three years to determine how to synchronize flowering time of Saccharum and Miscanthus genotypes. We found that day length was an important factor influencing when Miscanthus and Saccharum flowered. Sugarcane could be induced to flower in a central Illinois greenhouse using supplemental lighting to reduce the rate at which days shortened during the autumn and winter to 1 min d-1, which allowed us to synchronize the flowering of some sugarcane genotypes with Miscanthus genotypes primarily from low latitudes. In a complementary growth chamber experiment, we evaluated 33 Miscanthus genotypes, including 28 M. sinensis, 2 M. floridulus, and 3 M. ×giganteus collected from 20.9° S to 44.9° N for response to three day lengths (10 h, 12.5 h, and 15 h). High latitude-adapted M. sinensis flowered mainly under 15 h days, but unexpectedly, short days resulted in short, stocky plants that did not flower; in some cases, flag leaves developed under short days but heading did not occur. In contrast, for M. sinensis and M. floridulus from low latitudes, shorter day lengths typically resulted in earlier flowering, and for some low latitude genotypes, 15 h days resulted in no flowering. However, the highest ratio of reproductive shoots to total number of culms was typically observed for 12.5 h or 15 h days. Latitude of origin was significantly associated with culm length, and the shorter the days, the stronger the relationship. Nearly all entries achieved maximal culm length under the 15 h treatment, but the nearer to the equator an accession originated, the less of a difference in culm length between the short-day treatments and the 15 h day treatment. Under short days, short culms for high-latitude accessions was achieved by different physiological mechanisms for M. sinensis genetic groups from the mainland in comparison to those from Japan; for mainland accessions, the mechanism was reduced internode length, whereas for Japanese accessions the phyllochron under short days was greater than under long days. Thus, for M. sinensis, short days typically hastened floral induction, consistent with the expectations for a facultative short-day plant. However, for high latitude accessions of M. sinensis, days less than 12.5 h also signaled that plants should prepare for winter by producing many short culms with limited elongation and development; moreover, this response was also epistatic to flowering. Thus, to flower M. sinensis that originates from high latitudes synchronously with sugarcane, the former needs day lengths >12.5 h (perhaps as high as 15 h), whereas that the latter needs day lengths <12.5 h.

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