Origin and Development of Aspen Root Suckers

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Shoot Primordia ◽  
Short Shoots ◽  
Vascular Trace ◽  
Root Suckers

The origin and development of adventitious shoots (suckers) from the roots of trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) are described. Root suckers originate from newly initiated meristems, preexisting primordia, or suppressed short shoots, but the first two are probably the most important in sucker production. Preformed shoot primordia, protuberances from the phellogen, appear to occur on roots throughout the entire aspen range. Evidence was found of suppressed short shoots in aspen roots but not of suppressed buds buried in the periderm. Vascular trace shows that the developing sucker responds to polarity in the root; it grows distally as it extends inward and basipetally to the root cambium. Lenticels on aspen roots are illustrated.

scholarly journals CHILLING ENHANCEMENT OF ROOT REGENERATION IN APPLE CAN OCCUR WITHOUT BUDBREAK OR GROWTH OF ROOT SUCKERS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1127G-1128
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold ◽  
Eric Young
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
One Year ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Root Suckers

After receiving 0, 600, 1200, or 1800 hr. of chilling at 5C, one-year-old Malus domestica Borkh. seedlings were given 10 sec. root dips either 10,000 ppm K-IBA solution or water control. Following chilling and IBA treatments, 20 seedlings of each combination were placed in forcing conditions of 20 ± 2C root temperatures and either 20 or 5 ± 1C shoot temperatures. Five seedlings of each treatment were harvested after 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of forcing. Five C prohibited budbreak and bark slipage for up to 21 days. Under 20C, budbreak, shoot elongation and root growth all occurred earlier, faster, and reached a higher level with increased chilling. Twenty C root and 5C shoot temperatures during forcing resulted in large increases in the growth of adventitious shoots on lateral roots, but had little effect on the formation of adventitious shoots on the tap root. K-IBA prohibited development of adventitious shoots on roots, reduced shoot elongation more so than budbreak, and increased root regeneration across chilling hours. K-IBA inhibition of adventitious shoots did not alter the overall pattern of root regeneration enhancement by chilling.

scholarly journals Adventitious Shoot Formation and Plant Regeneration from Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Cultivars and Dihaploid Lines

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 471B-471
Author(s):  
Agustin Huerta ◽  
Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Formation ◽  
Shoot Primordia

Adventitious shoots and viable plants were regenerated from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars and dihaploid lines (DHLs) obtained from F1 hybrids via androgenesis (Dolcet-Sanjuan et al., in press). Hypocotil and cotyledon sections from in vitro-germinated seeds were used as explants. A modified MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) supplemented with IAA (0 to 3.2 μM) and BAP (0 to 100 μM) was used in a 3-week-long shoot primordia induction phase. Shoot elongation was best performed in the same basal medium, but supplemented with silver thiosulfate and GA3. Shoots were regenerated from eight selected DHLs (`C213', `C215', `C218', `C2123', `C2125', `C3111', `C3113', and `P493') and two cultivars (`Padrón' and `Yolo Wonder'). The percentage of cotyledon sections with shoot primordia after the induction phase was not genotype-dependent and always higher than with hypocotil sections (93.4% and 17.9%, respectively). The number of shoot primordia per responsive cotyledon section was also higher than with hypocotil sections (3.3 and 1.7, respectively). The genotype had a significant effect on the number of shoots regenerated per responsive cotyledon (1.1 to 5.5) or hypocotil (0.5 to 3.5) section. All adventitiously regenerated plants were fertile. This adventitious shoot regeneration protocol is being used to obtain transgenic plants from sweet bell pepper genotypes.

Clonal reproduction of riparian cottonwoods in southern Alberta

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1766-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart B. Rood ◽  
Craig Hillman ◽  
Trevor Sanche ◽  
John M. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Clonal Reproduction ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Populus Angustifolia ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
A Site ◽  
Oldman River ◽  
Root Suckers

From 1990 to 1993, 690 small cottonwood saplings were excavated along four rivers in the Oldman River Basin to determine their method of origin. Overall, 52% began as seedlings while 48% originated through clonal mechanisms, of which 30% (of the total) were root suckers, i.e., adventitious shoots from preexisting roots, and 18% were shoot suckers, i.e., new shoots originating from buried shoots. The shoot suckers arose primarily through (i) flood training, i.e., new shoot emergence from young shoots that had been toppled and buried during flood events, and (ii) shoot regrowth following decapitation by ice scouring or animal browsing. Only two saplings originated through cladoptosis, propagation from excised shoot fragments. The proportion of seedlings versus clonally established shoots varied somewhat across years and sites. Within a site, saplings near the river's edge were more commonly seedlings, whereas saplings further from the river were more commonly root suckers. Three cottonwood species occurred in the forests studied and their reproductive strategies varied somewhat. Unlike the balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), and interspecific hybrids, the prairie cottonwood (Populus deltoides) did not propagate through root suckers; all species produced seedlings and shoot suckers. This study demonstrates that clonal reproduction has the potential to contribute to the regeneration of riparian cottonwood forests in southern Alberta. The contribution through clonal propagation complicates the forest population structure and should be considered in programs to conserve the remaining riparian cottonwood forests in southern Alberta and elsewhere in North America. Key words: Populus, cottonwoods, hybrid poplar, reproduction, clones, suckering, seedlings.

In Vitro Differentiation of a Wild Peanut, Arachis villosulicarpa Hoehne1,,2

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Pittman ◽  
B. B. Johnson ◽  
D. J. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
In Vitro Differentiation ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Shoot Primordia ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Wild Peanut

Abstract Immature leaflets 3 to 5 mm in length from Arachis villosulicarpa Hoehne seedlings were cultured in vitro on a medium consisting of the major and minor salts of Murashige and Skoog (MS), Gamborg's B5 vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, 0.8% Difco agar, 4.44 μM N-6 benzyladenine (BA) and 5.37 μM napthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Hard callus with many shoot primordia formed on all leaflets within 4 to 6 weeks. Calli with primordia were further cultured for plant formation on 150 other media (MS major salts at 1/2 or 1/4 strength, full strength minor salts and vitamins, sucrose at 5 or 10 g/L, BA and NAA at 0 to 8 μM). Reduced concentrations of major salts with a high ratio of BA to NAA enhanced the formation of shoot primordia. Roots differentiated on media with 1/4 strength major salts, no BA, and 6 to 8 μM NAA and 5 g/L sucrose. Shoots differentiated from the branch points of roots after 2 to 4 months of culture. Plants were obtained via shoot primordia from callus and from the adventitious shoots from roots.

Origin of adventitious shoots in excised radiata pine cotyledons cultured in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Villalobos ◽  
Edward C. Yeung ◽  
Trevor A. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Shoot Primordia ◽  
Shoot Initiation

Previous studies on shoot initiation in cultured excised cotyledons of Pinus radiata indicated that the process began early in culture on the side of the cotyledon in contact with the cytokinin-containing medium. In contrast to cotyledons cultured without cytokinin, organized structures, which have been termed promeristemoids, can be observed in cotyledons cultured with cytokinin after 5 days in culture. These structures arise from single cells in the first subepidermal cell layer at day 3. They are stable and their continued division leads to the formation of meristemoids, shoot primordia, and finally shoots with primary needles.

Vegetative Propagation of Aspen: Clonal Variation in Suckering from Root Cuttings and in Rooting of Sucker Cuttings

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Rooting Capacity ◽  
Root Suckers

Large clonal differences in sucker production from root cuttings and in rooting of greenwood stem cuttings taken from root suckers were found among nine Wyoming trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) clones. There appeared to be no correlation between the suckering and rooting capacity of a clone. Formation of callus at the cut ends of sucker cuttings hindered rooting.

scholarly journals CHILLING ENHANCEMENT OF ROOT REGENERATION IN APPLE CAN OCCUR WITHOUT BUDBREAK OR GROWTH OF ROOT SUCKERS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1127g-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold ◽  
Eric Young
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
One Year ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Root Suckers

After receiving 0, 600, 1200, or 1800 hr. of chilling at 5C, one-year-old Malus domestica Borkh. seedlings were given 10 sec. root dips either 10,000 ppm K-IBA solution or water control. Following chilling and IBA treatments, 20 seedlings of each combination were placed in forcing conditions of 20 ± 2C root temperatures and either 20 or 5 ± 1C shoot temperatures. Five seedlings of each treatment were harvested after 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of forcing. Five C prohibited budbreak and bark slipage for up to 21 days. Under 20C, budbreak, shoot elongation and root growth all occurred earlier, faster, and reached a higher level with increased chilling. Twenty C root and 5C shoot temperatures during forcing resulted in large increases in the growth of adventitious shoots on lateral roots, but had little effect on the formation of adventitious shoots on the tap root. K-IBA prohibited development of adventitious shoots on roots, reduced shoot elongation more so than budbreak, and increased root regeneration across chilling hours. K-IBA inhibition of adventitious shoots did not alter the overall pattern of root regeneration enhancement by chilling.

APICAL GROWTH OF POPULUS SPP.: II. RELATIVE GROWTH POTENTIAL OF APICAL AND LATERAL BUDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1581-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Maini
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Populus Spp

Populus tremuloides Michx. (trembling aspen) commonly regenerates by formation of suckers (adventitious shoots arising from roots). After decapitation, height increment of aspen suckers dependson the growth potential of the remaining axillary buds that form dominant shoots. The growth potential of lateral buds on the stem of aspen suckers is related to the length of the buds and some lateral buds have a growth potential greater than that of the apical. Decapitation of suckers was not detrimental to their subsequent height increment and in some cases height increment of the decapitated suckers was even greater than that of intact suckers. Decapitation also extended the growth period of suckers.

Ginkgophytes of the Ul’ya flora (the Ul’ya depresiion, the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt)

Palaeobotany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Golovneva
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Volcanogenic Belt ◽  
Short Shoots ◽  
Volcanogenic Deposits

The Ul’ya flora comes from the Coniacian volcanogenic deposits of the Amka Formation (the Ul'ya depression, southern part of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt). Ginkgoaleans are diverse in this flora and represented by three genera: Ginkgo, Sphenobaiera and Baiera. All specimens have no cuticle and were assigned to morphotaxa. Genus Ginkgo includes two species: G. ex gr. adiantoides (Ung.) Heer with entire leaves and G. ex gr. sibirica Heer with dissected leaves. Genus Sphenobaiera also consists of two species: S. ex gr. longifolia (Pom.) Florin with 4–8 leaf lobes and S. ex gr. biloba Prynada with two leaf lobes. Genus Baiera is represented by new species B. lebedevii Golovn., sp. nov.Leaves of this species are 25–30 cm long and 13–16 cm wide, narrowly wedge-shaped with flat slender petiole, dichotomously dissected 4–5 times into linear segments 3–6 mm wide with 6–12 veins. The length of ultimate segments is equal to about a half of leaf length. Leaves attached spirally to ovoid short shoots about 2 cm long. Among the Late Cretaceous floras similar diversity of ginkgoaleans was recorded only in the Turonian-Coniacian Arman flora from middle part of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt (Herman et al., 2016). Four species of ginkgoaleans from the Ul’ya flora (except G. ex gr. adiantoides) are considered as the Early Cretaceous relicts.

Laboratory Prediction of Phosphorus Release from Deciduous Leaves to Urban Runoff

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Culbert ◽  
Robert France
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Total Export ◽  
Forested Watershed ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Urban Catchments

Abstract In urban centres, leaves are customarily gathered and temporarily stored in large roadside piles prior to their transport to disposal sites. To simulate the release of total phosphorus to urban runoff, birch and trembling aspen leaves were leached with distilled water in laboratory flasks. There was no difference in rate of total phosphorus release between oven-dried and non-dried leaves. An empirical equation developed from these data and knowledge of the litterfall rates for southern Canada indicated that leaves yielded from 11 to 45 mg TP m−2 of forested watershed. This amount represents up to 5% of the total export of total phosphorus from urban catchments and has the potential to exacerbate eutrophication of municipal waters if leaf pickup is not promptly enforced.

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