Origin of adventitious shoots in excised radiata pine cotyledons cultured in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Villalobos ◽  
Edward C. Yeung ◽  
Trevor A. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Shoot Primordia ◽  
Shoot Initiation

Previous studies on shoot initiation in cultured excised cotyledons of Pinus radiata indicated that the process began early in culture on the side of the cotyledon in contact with the cytokinin-containing medium. In contrast to cotyledons cultured without cytokinin, organized structures, which have been termed promeristemoids, can be observed in cotyledons cultured with cytokinin after 5 days in culture. These structures arise from single cells in the first subepidermal cell layer at day 3. They are stable and their continued division leads to the formation of meristemoids, shoot primordia, and finally shoots with primary needles.

Comparative in vitro and early nursery performance of adventitious shoots from cryopreserved cotyledons and axillary shoots from epicotyls of the same zygotic embryo of control-pollinated Pinus radiata

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2629-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy L Hargreaves ◽  
Lynette J Grace ◽  
Susan A van der Maas ◽  
Mike I Menzies ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Axillary Shoots

This is the first published report comparing production and performance of adventitious shoots from cryopreserved cotyledons, with axillary shoots formed from epicotyls of the same zygotic embryo of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). Genotypes from 10 control-pollinated families of P. radiata in two treatments were compared for shoot initiation, in vitro growth, rooting, and early nursery performance. Plant growth in nursery beds was assessed by measuring height after 2 and 7 months. After 8 months in nursery beds, the physiological ages of genotypes were assessed before field planting. Genotype capture was higher from the cryopreserved cotyledons than from the epicotyls. This technique has the advantage of preserving juvenile material while field testing is done. Early shoot multiplication in both treatments was good. After four transfer cycles, epicotyl cultures showed improved elongation and higher multiplication rates. After 6 months of in vitro growth, shoots from both treatments were given auxin pulses. Shoots of adventitious origin were slower to root than epicotyl-derived shoots. Overall rooting rates were satisfactory. Plants of adventitious origin were shorter when planted into nursery beds and when transferred to field trials. Assessment of relative physiological age indicated that all plants of adventitious origin showed some increase.

scholarly journals Adventitious Shoot Formation and Plant Regeneration from Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Cultivars and Dihaploid Lines

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 471B-471
Author(s):  
Agustin Huerta ◽  
Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Formation ◽  
Shoot Primordia

Adventitious shoots and viable plants were regenerated from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars and dihaploid lines (DHLs) obtained from F1 hybrids via androgenesis (Dolcet-Sanjuan et al., in press). Hypocotil and cotyledon sections from in vitro-germinated seeds were used as explants. A modified MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) supplemented with IAA (0 to 3.2 μM) and BAP (0 to 100 μM) was used in a 3-week-long shoot primordia induction phase. Shoot elongation was best performed in the same basal medium, but supplemented with silver thiosulfate and GA3. Shoots were regenerated from eight selected DHLs (`C213', `C215', `C218', `C2123', `C2125', `C3111', `C3113', and `P493') and two cultivars (`Padrón' and `Yolo Wonder'). The percentage of cotyledon sections with shoot primordia after the induction phase was not genotype-dependent and always higher than with hypocotil sections (93.4% and 17.9%, respectively). The number of shoot primordia per responsive cotyledon section was also higher than with hypocotil sections (3.3 and 1.7, respectively). The genotype had a significant effect on the number of shoots regenerated per responsive cotyledon (1.1 to 5.5) or hypocotil (0.5 to 3.5) section. All adventitiously regenerated plants were fertile. This adventitious shoot regeneration protocol is being used to obtain transgenic plants from sweet bell pepper genotypes.

scholarly journals Shoot Regeneration Rates of Perennial Phlox are Dependant on Cultivar and Explant Type

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Fraga ◽  
Mertxe Alonso ◽  
Marisé Borja
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Shoot Initiation

Meristem culture and/or thermotherapy were used for virus elimination from ornamental Phlox paniculata L. (`Blue Boy', `Orange perfection' and `Starfire') mother plants. Shoot tip, leaf, node and flower ovary explants collected from greenhouse-maintained virus free plants were cultured in vitro for shoot initiation. Adventitious shoot initiation was observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing the cytokinin BA with or without the auxin NAA. The addition of 0.4 mg·L-1 thiamine, 0.4 mg·L-1 folic acid, and 40 mg·L-1 adenine sulfate to the MS medium did not improve the regeneration rate. Multiplication and rooting were genotype dependent. Blue Boy and Orange Perfection cultivars regenerated the maximum number of shoots from leaf explants. `Blue Boy' leaf explants from in vitro plants had a lower regeneration rate than explants from greenhouse plants. Cultivar `Starfire' had the highest shoot formation with open flower ovary explants and failed to regenerate from leaf explants. In vitro rooting of adventitious shoots in the presence of auxins (IAA, NAA, or IBA) with or without BA was less effective than ex vitro rooting. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA); indole-acetic acid (IAA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

In Vitro Differentiation of a Wild Peanut, Arachis villosulicarpa Hoehne1,,2

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Pittman ◽  
B. B. Johnson ◽  
D. J. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
In Vitro Differentiation ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Shoot Primordia ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Wild Peanut

Abstract Immature leaflets 3 to 5 mm in length from Arachis villosulicarpa Hoehne seedlings were cultured in vitro on a medium consisting of the major and minor salts of Murashige and Skoog (MS), Gamborg's B5 vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, 0.8% Difco agar, 4.44 μM N-6 benzyladenine (BA) and 5.37 μM napthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Hard callus with many shoot primordia formed on all leaflets within 4 to 6 weeks. Calli with primordia were further cultured for plant formation on 150 other media (MS major salts at 1/2 or 1/4 strength, full strength minor salts and vitamins, sucrose at 5 or 10 g/L, BA and NAA at 0 to 8 μM). Reduced concentrations of major salts with a high ratio of BA to NAA enhanced the formation of shoot primordia. Roots differentiated on media with 1/4 strength major salts, no BA, and 6 to 8 μM NAA and 5 g/L sucrose. Shoots differentiated from the branch points of roots after 2 to 4 months of culture. Plants were obtained via shoot primordia from callus and from the adventitious shoots from roots.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Dianthus gratianopolitanus

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Fraga ◽  
Mertxe Alonso ◽  
Philippe Ellul ◽  
Marisé Borja
Keyword(s):  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
Mother Plants

Meristem culture and/or thermotherapy were used to eliminate viruses from ornamental Dianthus gratianopolitanus Vill. (`Spotti' and `Frosty Fire') mother plants. Shoot tip, leaf, node, and ovary explants collected from greenhouse-maintained, virus-free plants were cultured in vitro for shoot initiation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing BAP, kinetin, or 2-iP with or without IAA or NAA. Culture of shoot tips in MS with 0.57 μm IAA and node explants in MS with 2.46 μm 2-iP is recommended for `Spotti' cultivar. In `Frosty Fire', optimum number of axillary shoots was obtained from shoot tip and node explants in MS without plant regulators. Leaves and ovaries were not adequate explants for D. gratianopolitanus micropropagation because none or only a low percentage of explants regenerated shoots. High levels of cytokinins increased the number of shoots per explant but also increased the production of aberrant phenotypes and induced hyperhydricity. Adventitious shoots rooted in vitro with auxins, but maximum rooting was 97% ex vitro without auxins. This study demonstrated that D. gratianopolitanus can be successfully micropropagated. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BAP); kinetin (KIN); 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP); indole-acetic acid (IAA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); gibberellic acid (GA3).

Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Different Explants and Contribution of Polyamines on in vitro Propagation of Dendrobium Hybrid Sonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Subhrangshu Mandal ◽  
Nandita Pal ◽  
Tustu Mondal ◽  
Nirmalya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Layer ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Thin Cell Layer ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Formation ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Thin Cell Layer Culture

An efficient method of plant regeneration and subsequent growth and development of Dendrobium hybrid Sonia was developed using intact seedling, shoot tip and thin cell layer. Maximum number of PLBs was obtained in MS liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 1mg/l BAP through shoot tip and thin cell layer culture (TCL). Highest number of adventitious shoot formation was recorded in 0.5 mg/l of NAA and 2 mg/l of BAP through shoot tip culture. In shoot tip and TCL cultures, the necrosis was checked in presence of NAA (0.5 mg/l) and BAP (1 mg/l). Maximum callus frequency was recorded in NAA and BAP (0.5 mg/l) through thin cell layer culture. Direct PLB formation was better at 1.0 μM concentration in all the three polyamines tested. Three polyamines tested were effective in direct PLB formation as well as adventitious shoots. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(1): 77-86, 2020 (June)

scholarly journals Enhancement of the physical and mechanical properties of wood using a novel organo-montmorillonite/hyperbranched polyacrylate emulsion

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Xu ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Ling Long ◽  
Ru Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Modified Wood

AbstractIn this work, a novel waterborne hyperbranched polyacrylate (HBPA) dispersed organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) emulsion was synthesized and used for the treatment of wood in a vacuum environment in order to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of the wood. The sapwood of Cathay poplar (Populus cathayana Rehd.) and Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) were used as the samples for experimentation. The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the wood improved significantly due to the successful penetration of the OMMT and HBPA into the wood cell wall. From it was also observed that OMET completely exfoliated from the HBPA matrix and formed a hydrophobic film covering on the inside walls of the cell lumen. Further, it was observed that the poplar sample displayed better mechanical properties than the pine sample because the pine has a more compact structure when compared to poplar and contains rosin. Furthermore, it was also observed that the mechanical properties of the modified wood sample gradually improved with an increase in the concentration of the emulsion. However, excessive concentration (>4 wt%) did not lead to further improvement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document