Spruce decline as a disturbance event in the subalpine forests of the northeastern United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Battles ◽  
Timothy J. Fahey
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Disturbance Regime ◽  
Subalpine Forests ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Disturbance Processes ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Damage Type ◽  
The Impact

During the last 2 decades red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) trees have died at high rates in the mountains of New York and New England. Given the importance of disturbance in organizing plant communities, the impact of the decline was evaluated in terms of its effect on disturbance processes. The first step was to describe the current disturbance regime in subalpine forests across the region. Canopy gaps were the predominant mode of disturbance. Estimates of gap-phase disturbance in four old-growth sites ranged from 15% to 42% of the total forested area. Gap abundance varied between 19 and 49 gaps/ha. A constant among the sites was that dead spruce trees accounted for more of the gap area than expected considering their abundance in the canopy. In the spruce–fir forest, most gaps were small (<100 m2). Gaps were not shaped like simple geometric figures but rather like irregular polygons. Forty percent of the canopy gaps were created by the death of a single tree; the rest were multitree gaps. Standing dead trees were the most common damage type. It seems that decline of spruce effected a quantitative but not qualitative shift in the disturbance regime.

The impact of Sirex noctilio in Pinus resinosa and Pinus sylvestris stands in New York and Ontario

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Dodds ◽  
Peter de Groot ◽  
David A. Orwig
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Attack Behavior ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Impact

Sirex noctilio Fabricius has a long history as an invasive insect species in pine plantations throughout the Southern Hemisphere and has been recently discovered in North America, where it is uncertain how this insect will behave in pine ecosystems. To assess the impact and attack behavior of S. noctilio, forest surveys and measurements from attacked and unattacked trees were taken in nine Pinus resinosa Ait. and Pinus sylvestris L. plantations in New York, USA, and Ontario, Canada. There was a trend of S. noctilio attacking suppressed trees with smaller live crowns and reduced growth. Some S. noctilio attacks were also found in dominant crown classes but at a lower rate than overtopped or intermediate classes. Sirex noctilio appeared to have more of an impact in P. sylvestris forests, as they attacked more stems (9%–18%) and higher basal area (1.6–5.5 m2/ha) than P. resinosa stands (3%–8% of stems and 0.4–2.4 m2/ha). Dead trees with signs of Siricidae and dead from other causes were also quantified, and in some P. resinosa stands, levels were greater in magnitude than S. noctilio losses. Data from this study suggest that silvicultural treatments should be a key component of integrated pest management plans for S. noctilio.

scholarly journals Trauma and Religious Complexity in Later Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 415-415
Author(s):  
Rennae Wigton ◽  
Shannon Jones ◽  
Austin Prusak ◽  
Andrew Futterman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Personal Vulnerability ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study examines the impact of traumatic life events on religious complexity in later life. We anticipated that those older adults experiencing stressors that produce significant personal vulnerability (e.g., life threatening illnesses) demonstrate reduced complexity of belief and behavior (e.g., less belief with doubt). From a sample of 278 semi-structured interviews of older adults (aged 55-101 years-old.) from six New England and New York states, we analyzed 166 interviews using grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). Individuals who experienced trauma related to war, close familial loss, and/or severe physical illness tended to be “true believers,” (i.e., adhere to rigid belief orthodoxy; Hoffer, 1950). By contrast, those who experienced less severe trauma (e.g., minor illness, job loss) were less apt to describe rigid belief. Temporal proximity of trauma was not consistently associated with greater complexity of belief and behavior, in the sense that with great distance from trauma, individuals were able to “work through” their experiences of trauma, and thereby increase complexity of belief and behavior. This is consistent with findings by Harris and Leak (2015), Krause and Hayward (2012), and Wong (2013) that suggest that trauma leading to personal vulnerability leads to long-term physical, mental, behavioral, and spiritual deficits that rigid religious belief and behavior help to offset. These findings are discussed in terms of psychological theories of grief resolution, personal coping, and terror management.

Gradual and sudden forest canopy gaps in Allegheny northern hardwood forests

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne E. Krasny ◽  
Mark C. Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Gap Dynamics ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Standing Dead Trees

To determine the importance of gradual tree death to gap dynamics in Allegheny northern hardwood forests, line transect surveys of gaps and gap makers were conducted in three mature forests in central New York. Of the total number of gaps, 71.7% were classified as gradual gaps, meaning they were partial openings in the canopy caused by either trees with greater than 50% branch loss or standing dead trees. Sudden gaps, caused by trees that had fallen, constituted 9.7% of the total number of gaps. Another 18.6% of the gaps had mixed causes. American beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.), which is subject to beech bark disease in the study area, was the predominant gap maker, representing 52.4% of the gap makers compared with 25.6% of the canopy trees. It is suggested that future studies of forest gap dynamics include measures of gaps forming over a period of time, particularly in forests subject to decline and biotic diseases and in other forests where gradual tree death and standing dead trees are known to be important.

scholarly journals Stock of standing dead trees in boreal forests of Central Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
L V Mukhortova ◽  
L V Krivobokov ◽  
D G Schepaschenko ◽  
A A Knorre ◽  
D S Sobachkin
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Central Siberia ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Larch Forests ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Standing Dead Trees ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A significant part of carbon assimilated by forest is deposited in tree trunks. Growth and development of tree stands is accompanied by accumulation of standing dead trees (snags) due to natural tree mortality and as a result of the impact of exogenous factors. Carbon accumulated in these dead trunks is excluded from the fast turnover due to low rate of wood decomposition, so that snags can be considered as a pool of organic carbon with a slow rate of its return to the atmosphere. We estimated stock of snags on 54 sample plots, which represent the main types of forest ecosystems in the northern and middle taiga of Central Siberia. In the middle taiga, stock of snags varied from up to 7 m3 ha-1 in Siberian spruce forests to 20-42 m3 ha-1 in Scots pine forests. Larch forests in the northern taiga had the similar stock of snags as larch forests in the middle taiga despite significantly higher growing stock in the later. Snags contributed from 4 to 19% to the total stock of woody biomass in studied forests. This study indicated the significance of snags and can be used to estimate carbon budget of forest ecosystems of the region.

The Impact of the Discipline Ireland, New England, and New York

1979 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Worrall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
The Impact

Thomas Hooker—Puritanism and Democratic Citizenship

1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney E. Ahlstrom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Citizenship ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
George Bancroft

In a special advertising supplement to the New York Times (May 6, 1962) the State of Connecticut sponsored an old claim: “The world's first written constitution, creating government by consent of the governed, appeared in Connecticut in 1639.” The diverse implications of this venerable assertion and their relation to the Rev. Thomas Hooker are the subject of the present essay. Intimations that Hooker deserved remembrance as a champion of liberty date at least to William Hubbard's General History of New England, written in the 1670's. But full-blown theories came after 1776, and especially after Dr. J. Hammond Trumbull's discovery in 1860 of a remarkable notebook of sermon notes taken down in cipher between April, 1638, and April, 1641, by Henry Wolcott, Jr. of Windsor. Herein was found an outline of Hooker's now famous sermon to the Connecticut Court on May 31, 1638, as that body began its historic deliberations on a “Frame of Government.” George Bancroft would reflect the impact of this find in the revised edition of his widely read History of the United States. He saw in Hooker's pronouncements the “seed” whence flowered the “first of the series of written American constitutions.” Paraphrasing Ezekiel Roger's epitaph, Bancroft refers to Hooker as “the one rich pearl with which Europe more than repaid America for the treasures from her coast.” John Fiske in his work on The Beginnings of New England (1889) would claim even more stridently that Thomas Hooker “deserves more than any other man to be called the father [of American democracy].” George Leon Walker accepted Fiske's judgment and subtitled his biography “Preacher, Founder, Democrat.”

Google Hangout with Annie Baker, Playwright 1/25/16, 2:33 PM

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Genevieve Yue
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Pulitzer Prize ◽  
Film Festival ◽  
The Past

Genevieve Yue interviews playwright Annie Baker, whose Pulitzer Prize–winning play The Flick focuses on the young employees of a single-screen New England movie house. Baker is one of the most critically lauded playwrights to emerge on the New York theater scene in the past ten years, in part due to her uncompromising commitment to experimentation and disruption. Baker intrinsically understands that arriving at something meaningful means taking a new way. Accordingly, Baker did not want to conduct a traditional interview for Film Quarterly. After running into each other at a New York Film Festival screening of Chantal Akerman's No Home Movie (2015)—both overwhelmed by the film—Yue and Baker agreed to begin their conversation by choosing a film neither of them had seen before and watching it together. The selection process itself led to a long discussion, which led to another, and then finally, to the Gmail hangout that forms the basis of the interview.

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