Genetic analysis of Eucalyptus globulus diameter, straightness, branch size, and forking in Western Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1333-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Callister ◽  
N. England ◽  
S. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Branch Size

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is increasingly considered for supply of solid-wood products such as sawlogs, yet genetic studies of solid-wood traits have been lacking. We estimated genetic parameters of growth and form traits that affect log value in full-sib families from two advanced-generation breeding populations on eight sites in Western Australia. Mean single-site heritability was 0.11 ± 0.01 for diameter at breast height (DBH), 0.28 ± 0.05 for stem straightness, 0.09 ± 0.02 for branch thickness, and 0.05 ± 0.02 for forking incidence. Dominance effects were significant (p < 0.05) at four sites for DBH and branch thickness and at three sites (one population) for straightness. Mean intersite additive genetic correlations were 0.76 ± 0.06 for DBH (n = 7), 0.75 ± 0.11 for stem straightness (n = 7), and 0.58 ± 0.07 for branch thickness (n = 4). Mean intersite dominance genetic correlations were 0.90 ± 0.04 for DBH (n = 7), 0.26 ± 0.27 (n = 4) for straightness, and 0.68 ± 0.11 for branch thickness (n = 3). Additive genetic correlations between DBH and straightness ranged from –0.71 ± 0.23 to 0.33 ± 0.19 with an average of –0.18 ± 0.12 (n = 8). Genetic correlations between DBH and branch thickness were mostly weak although straightness was generally associated with thinner branches (mean additive correlation 0.44 ± 0.15, n = 6). We conclude that prospects appear favourable for improving the solid-wood value of E. globulus by selection and breeding.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters of Stem and Wood Traits in Full-Sib Silver Birch Families

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Grace Jones ◽  
Mateusz Liziniewicz ◽  
Stergios Adamopoulos ◽  
Johan Lindeberg
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration ◽  
Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Non Destructive

This study investigated heritability of stem and wood traits to improve Swedish silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) through breeding. Birch is 12% of Sweden’s forest area but mainly used for low value pulp or firewood. This paper applied non-destructive test (NDT) methods, and estimated traits’ heritability (h2), to help breed birch for high value solid wood products. Two trials of 22 families were assessed at age 19 for stem diameter (DBH), stem straightness, rough brown bark height (BH), grain angle (GA), Pilodyn penetration depth (Pilo) and acoustic velocity (AV). X-ray densitometry was performed on a subsample of radial cores taken at 1.3 m from the ground to get an average benchmark density. The h2 values were moderate for GA (0.20 and 0.21) and Pilo (0.53 and 0.48) at the two sites, but the h2 values for AV were low (0.05 and 0.30). There were moderate genotypic correlations between BH and DBH (0.51–0.54). There were low genotypic and phenotypic correlations between NDT measurements and other traits so including NDT in birch breeding efforts should not inadvertently reduce size, stem or wood quality. The high genetic correlations between sites suggest that GA, Pilo and AV values were determined more by genotype than by environment.

Genetic correlations among pulpwood and solid-wood selection traits in Eucalyptus globulus

New Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Nickolas ◽  
Dean Williams ◽  
Geoff Downes ◽  
Paul Tilyard ◽  
Peter A. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Solid Wood

scholarly journals Silvicultura de plantaciones de Eucaliptos para productos de madera sólida de alto valor en el Sur de Australia = Silviculture of eucalypt plantations in Southern Australia for high-value solid wood products

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
T.G. Baker ◽  
P.W. Volker
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
El Sistema

La mayoría de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus han sido establecidas en la región templada de Australia (Australia Occidental, Australia Meridional, Victoria y Tasmania). Eucalyptus globulus es la principal especie en el área, con casi todas las plantaciones bajo el sistema de rotación corta para la producción de pulpa. En Tasmania y en Victoria, tal como en Chile, E. nitens ha sido utilizado como un sustituto de E. globulus, particularmente donde las bajas temperaturas son una limitante para esta última especie. La creciente reserva de bosques naturales, que han sido la fuente del tradicional recurso de la madera aserrada, ha despertado el interés en los productos de madera sólida de estas nuevas plantaciones de Eucalyptus. Hay resistencia a la utilización de la madera solida de Eucalyptus proveniente de plantaciones, principalmente de las industrias procesadoras debido a las dudas sobre la calidad de la madera y la idoneidad de las trozas para el procesamiento. Se requerirán muchas investigaciones para despejar estos temores. Este artículo describe algunos resultados de las investigaciones sobre las propiedades madereras y silvícolas de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus en el sur de Australia, además de las actuales prioridades y actividades de investigación.

Genetic control of Eucalyptus globulus harvest traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Hamilton ◽  
Mauricio Acuna ◽  
John C. Wiedemann ◽  
Rick Mitchell ◽  
David J. Pilbeam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Tree Genetics

The cost of harvesting short-rotation plantation eucalypts can be in excess of AU$2500·ha−1. Despite this high cost, the extent to which harvesting productivity is affected by tree genetics is not well understood. We address this issue in a study of two 10-year-old genetic field trials of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in Australia. Standing-tree traits analysed were survival, diameter at breast height, basal area, and stem straightness and forking. Harvest traits analysed were volume, time, and productivity. Genetic group and within-group genetic variation (additive and dominance), stand-level family variation, phenotypic and genetic correlations, and the effects of inbreeding were estimated for these traits. The different scenarios studied showed that plantation harvest productivity was affected by tree genetics to some degree but was mainly affected through positive covariation with stem diameter. Harvest productivity is thus unlikely to have been adversely affected by past selection. Although no significant additive or dominance genetic variation in stem forking or straightness was detected, weak phenotypic correlations were consistent with harvest productivity being higher in straighter trees with no forking. High inbreeding depression was evident for growth and survival; however, in open-pollinated progeny, this resulted in only a slight reduction in harvest productivity (5.5%) compared with out-crossed progeny.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Economically Important Traits in Cupressus lusitanica in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ismael ◽  
Jaroslav Klápště ◽  
Grahame T. Stovold ◽  
Kane Fleet ◽  
Heidi Dungey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Branch Size

Increasing productivity and tolerance against cypress canker disease is an important goal in the Mexican white cypress breeding program in New Zealand, and screening has been in place since 1983. Cypress canker disease is caused by Seiridium cardinale and Seiridium cupressi, the current study presents the results of two progeny trials within the breeding program in the North Island of New Zealand. The trials were established as open-pollinated progeny tested and were assessed for diameter at breast height, branch size, canker severity score, malformation score, and stem straightness score and acceptability score. Heritability estimates were moderate ranging from 0.21 to 0.41 for diameter at breast height and from 0.14 to 0.31 for canker severity score. Stem form attributes showed heritability from 0.08 (malformation) to 0.38 (straightness). No trait showed any significant G × E interaction between investigated sites. This was supported by the very strong genetic correlations estimated between the traits recorded in Welcome Bay and Matata trials. Unfavourable genetic correlations ranging from 0.25 to 0.46 were found between diameter at breast height and canker severity score, indicating that the continued selection for genotypes with improved diameter at breast height would also increase susceptibility to cypress canker. Additionally, unfavourable genetic correlations ranging from 0.52 to 0.73 were found between branch size and diameter at breast height and should be considered in selection programs. The moderate heritability estimated for canker severity score indicates that breeding values for this trait could be predicted with acceptable accuracy and included in the breeding program for Cupressus lusitanica, enabling the identification of genotypes with tolerance to canker severity to be deployed to locations where cypress canker is present in New Zealand.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of microfibril angle and its relationship with solid wood and pulpwood traits in two progeny trials of Eucalyptus nitens in Tasmania

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel F. Rocha-Sepúlveda ◽  
Dean Williams ◽  
Mario Vega ◽  
Peter A. Harrison ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Genotype By Environment

Abstract Microfibril angle (MFA) is a key biological trait contributing to wood stiffness, which is a common breeding objective for solid wood products in many tree species. To explore its genetic architecture, area-weighted MFA was measured in two Eucalyptus nitens progeny trials in Tasmania, Australia, with common open-pollinated families. Radial strips were extracted from 823 trees in 131 families and MFA assessed using SilviScan-2®. Heritability, genotype-by-environment interaction and inter-trait genetic correlations were evaluated to examine the genetic variability and stability of MFA and its relationships with other solid wood and pulpwood selection traits. Significant family variation was found for MFA in both trials. There was no significant genotype-by-environment interaction and the across-site narrow-sense heritability was 0.27. MFA was genetically independent of basic density, growth, and tree form. However, MFA was strongly and favourable genetically correlated to acoustic wave velocity in standing trees, modulus of elasticity and kraft pulp yield (KPY). The present study has shown that genetic improvement of E. nitens for pulpwood selection traits is unlikely to have adversely affected MFA, and thus timber stiffness. Rather these results suggest the possibility that selection for increased KPY may have indirectly improved MFA favourably for solid wood products.

scholarly journals Genetic correlations between pulpwood and solid-wood selection and objective traits in Eucalyptus globulus

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Hamilton ◽  
Brad M. Potts ◽  
Bruce L. Greaves ◽  
Greg W. Dutkowski
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Solid Wood

Genetic analysis of fiber-dimension traits and combined selection for simultaneous improvement of growth and stiffness in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleh Hayatgheibi ◽  
Anders Fries ◽  
Johan Kroon ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Combined Selection

Quantitative genetic variation of fiber-dimension traits and their relationship with diameter at breast height (DBH) and solid-wood traits (i.e., density and modulus of elasticity (MOE)) was investigated in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.). A total of 823 increment cores were sampled from 207 half-sib families at two independent progeny trials, aged 34–35 years, located in northern Sweden. High-resolution pith-to-bark profiles were obtained for radial fiber width (RFW), tangential fiber width (TFW), fiber wall thickness (FWT), and fiber coarseness (FC) using SilviScan. Heritabilities ranged from 0.29 to 0.74, and inheritance increased with cambial maturity. Estimated age–age genetic correlations indicate that early selection between ages 5 and 8 years is highly efficient. Our results indicate that selection for a 1% increase in DBH or MOE incurs a negligible effect on fiber-dimension traits and maximum genetic gains are reached when DBH and MOE are considered jointly. Moreover, simultaneous improvement of growth and stiffness is achievable when a selection index with 7 to 10 economical weights for MOE relative to 1 for DBH is incorporated. However, the unfavorable relationship between solid-wood traits and pulp and paper related traits suggests that breeding strategies must be implemented to improve wood quality of lodgepole pine for multiple uses.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Assessment of Wood Stiffness in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its Use in Forest Tree Improvement

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Fundova ◽  
Tomas Funda ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Using Data

Wood stiffness is an important wood mechanical property that predetermines the suitability of sawn timber for construction purposes. Negative genetic correlations between wood stiffness and growth traits have, however, been reported for many conifer species including Scots pine. It is, therefore, important that breeding programs consider wood stiffness and growth traits simultaneously. The study aims to (1) evaluate different approaches of calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE, non-destructively assessed stiffness) using data from X-ray analysis (SilviScan) as a benchmark, (2) estimate genetic parameters, and (3) apply index selection. In total, we non-destructively measured 622 standing trees from 175 full-sib families for acoustic velocity (VEL) using Hitman and for wood density (DEN) using Resistograph and Pilodyn. We combined VEL with different wood densities, raw (DENRES) and adjusted (DENRES.TB) Resistograph density, Pilodyn density measured with (DENPIL) and without bark (DENPIL.B), constant of 1000 kg·m−3 (DENCONST), and SilviScan density (DENSILV), to calculate MOEs and compare them with the benchmark SilviScan MOE (MOESILV). We also derived Smith–Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of stem diameter (DBH) and wood stiffness. The highest additive genetic and phenotypic correlations of the benchmark MOESILV with the alternative MOE measures (tested) were attained by MOEDENSILV (0.95 and 0.75, respectively) and were closely followed by MOEDENRES.TB (0.91 and 0.70, respectively) and MOEDENCONST and VEL (0.91 and 0.65, respectively for both). Correlations with MOEDENPIL, MOEDENPIL.B, and MOEDENRES were lower. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate, ranging from 0.39 (MOESILV) to 0.46 (MOEDENSILV). All indices revealed an opportunity for joint improvement of DBH and MOE. Conclusions: MOEDENRES.TB appears to be the most efficient approach for indirect selection for wood stiffness in Scots pine, although VEL alone and MOEDENCONST have provided very good results too. An index combining DBH and MOEDENRES.TB seems to offer the best compromise for simultaneous improvement of growth, fiber, and wood quality traits.

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