Tree growth and disturbance dynamics in old-growth subalpine spruce forests of the Western Carpathians

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Szewczyk ◽  
Jerzy Szwagrzyk ◽  
Elżbieta Muter
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Tree Recruitment ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Over Time

Are the dynamics of natural subalpine spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests of central Europe governed by stand-replacing disturbances caused mostly by winds or by moderate disturbances resulting from bark beetle outbreaks? We analyzed tree-ring series from subalpine spruce forests in two mountain ranges of the Western Carpathians to determine the frequency and severity of disturbances and their effects on tree recruitment. The boundary-line method was employed to identify significant growth releases, interpreted as results of disturbances. In both study areas, major releases were not numerous but were regularly distributed over time. We found no evidence for stand-replacing disturbances. This result contrasts sharply with earlier findings from the Western Carpathians. The age structure of the forests studied indicates that the amount of tree recruitment was greater 150–200 years ago than in the subsequent 150 years. Our results suggest that stand dynamics in the forests analyzed are driven by numerous events of limited spatial extent and that stand-replacing disturbances are not necessary for the development of unimodal age structure.

Long-term changes in vegetation and site conditions in beech and spruce forests of lower mountain ranges of Central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
Tomáš Černý ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Vilém Podrázský ◽  
Miroslav Mikeska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Long Term Changes

DRIVERS OF FIELD LAYERS COMPOSITION IN NEMORAL SPRUCE FORESTS (PICEA ABIES L.) OF CENTRAL-FOREST NATURE RESERVE

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
A.P. Korablev ◽  
◽  
D.S. Kessel ◽  
M.Yu. Pukinskaia ◽  
K.V. Schukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Spruce Forests

scholarly journals Genetic melting pot and importance of long-distance dispersal indicated in the Gladiolus imbricatus L. populations in the Polish Carpathians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sutkowska ◽  
Józef Mitka ◽  
Tomasz Warzecha ◽  
Jakub Bunk ◽  
Julia Rutkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Eastern Carpathians

AbstractThe genetic diversity in 11 populations of Gladiolus imbricatus in five mountain ranges, including the Tatra, Pieniny, Gorce, Beskid Niski (Western Carpathians) and Bieszczady Mts (Eastern Carpathians), was studied with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The species is a perennial plant occurring in open and semi-open sites of anthropogenic origin (meadows and forest margins). We checked a hypothesis on the microrefugial character of the plant populations in the Pieniny Mts, a small calcareous Carpathian range of complicated relief that has never been glaciated. Plant populations in the Tatra and Pieniny Mts had the highest genetic diversity indices, pointing to their long-term persistence. The refugial vs. the non-refugial mountain ranges accounted for a relatively high value of total genetic variation [analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 14.12%, p = 0.003]. One of the Pieniny populations was of hybridogenous origin and shared genetic stock with the Tatra population, indicating there is a local genetic melting pot. A weak genetic structuring of populations among particular regions was found (AMOVA, 4.5%, p > 0.05). This could be an effect of the frequent short-distance and sporadic long-distance gene flow. The dispersal of diaspores between the remote populations in the Western Carpathians and Eastern Carpathians could be affected by the historical transportation of flocks of sheep from the Tatra to Bieszczady Mts.

scholarly journals An Overview on Isotopic Divergences – Causes for instability of Tree-Ring Isotopes and Climate Correlations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine M. Savard ◽  
Valérie Daux
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Root Functions ◽  
Divergence Problem ◽  
Climatic Series ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Process Based Models ◽  
Past Conditions

Abstract. Climatic reconstructions based on tree-ring isotopic series convey substantial information about past conditions prevailing in forested regions of the globe. However, in some cases, the relations between isotopic and climatic records appear unstable over time, generating the ‘isotopic divergences’. Former reviews have thoroughly discussed the divergence concept for tree-ring physical properties, but not for isotopes. Here we want to take stock of the isotopic divergence problem, express concerns and stimulate collaborative work for improving paleoclimatic reconstructions. There are five main causes for divergent parts in isotopic and climatic series. (1) Artefacts due to sampling and data treatment, relevant for dealing with long-series using sub-fossil stems. (2) Stand dynamics, including juvenile effects mostly occurring in the early part of tree-ring series. (3) Rise in atmospheric pCO2, which can directly influence the foliar behaviour. (4) Change of climate, which may modify the isotope-climate causal links. Finally (5), atmospheric pollution, which may alter leaf and root functions. Future paleoclimate research would benefit from interdisciplinary efforts designed to develop further process-based models integrating multi-proxy inputs, so to help identify causes of isotopic divergences and circumvent some of them in inverse applications.

Post-LGM faulting in Central Europe: LiDAR detection of the >50 km-long Sub-Tatra fault, Western Carpathians

Geomorphology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 107248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Pánek ◽  
Jozef Minár ◽  
Ladislav Vitovič ◽  
Michal Břežný
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Carpathians

scholarly journals Population Age Structure, Complex Socio-Demographic Systems and Resilience Potential: A Spatio-Temporal, Evenness-Based Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Cecchini ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
Rosario Turco ◽  
Luca Salvati
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
System Thinking ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Over Time

The present study illustrates an original approach grounded on entropy theory and complex system thinking with the aim to investigate changes over time and space in population structure by age in Italy, in light of socioeconomic resilience and post-crisis recovery potential. Assuming that population structure may reflect different levels of resilience to exogenous shocks, a Pielou J evenness index was calculated on census data made available every 10 years (1861–2011) with the aim to identify compositional homogeneity (or heterogeneity) in the age structure of the Italian population. Trends over time in the Pielou J evenness index were identified using descriptive statistics, comparison with ancillary demographic indicators and multivariate exploratory techniques including principal component analysis. The empirical results allowed the identification of multiple dimensions of demographic transition in Italy, distinguishing two phases, the former encompassing a relatively long time period between 1861 and 1936, and the latter covering a shorter period between 1936 and 2011. A spatially-explicit analysis of Pielou J evenness indices applied to the population age structure of each Italian municipality at the latest survey (2017) finally provided a comprehensive overview of the demographic characteristics likely influencing the resilience potential of local districts. The empirical evidence outlined the consolidation of a coastal–inland divide as a result of the complex linkage between demographic dynamics and local background contexts.

scholarly journals Web-spinning sawflies of the genus Cephalcia Panzer (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) in the Picea abies forests of the Beskidy Mountains (Poland)

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jachym
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Spruce Stands

This article presents a review of data and results of investigations from the period 1958–2006 regarding the occurrence of insects of the genus <I>Cephalcia</I> Panzer (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) in Norway spruce stands of the Beskidy Mountains (Western Carpathians, southern Poland). Currently, eight species are known for the area: <I>C. abietis, C. alashanica, C. alpina, C. annulicornis, C. arvensis, C. erythrogaster, C. fulva</I> and <I>C. masuttii</I>. Information regarding each species is given, with details on identification, local occurrence and importance.

Variation in Soil Nitrate Concentrations in Two N-Saturated Norway Spruce Forests (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Southern Bavaria

2007 ◽  
Vol 187 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl H. Mellert ◽  
Andreas Gensior ◽  
Axel Göttlein ◽  
Christian Kölling ◽  
Gernot Rücker
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Stomatal SO2 uptake and sulfate accumulation in needles of Norway spruce stands (Picea abies) in Central Europe

1995 ◽  
Vol 168-169 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Slovik ◽  
Alfred Siegmund ◽  
Gerald Kindermann ◽  
Rüdiger Riebeling ◽  
Árpad Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Spruce Stands
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