Compacting Coastal Plain soils changes midrotation loblolly pine allometry by reducing root biomass

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2169-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim H. Ludovici
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Factorial combinations of soil compaction and organic matter removal were replicated at the Long Term Site Productivity study in the Croatan National Forest, near New Bern, North Carolina, USA. Ten years after planting, 18 preselected loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) trees were destructively harvested to quantify treatment effects on total above- and below-ground tree biomass and to detect any changes in the absolute and relative allocation patterns. Stem volume at year 10 was not affected by compaction treatments, even though the ultisols on these sites continued to have higher bulk densities than noncompacted plots. However, even when site preparation treatments were undetectable aboveground, the treatments significantly altered absolute root growth and tree biomass allocation patterns. Soil compaction decreased taproot production and significantly increased the ratio of aboveground to belowground biomass. Decreased root production will decrease carbon and nutrient stores belowground, which may impact future site productivity.

Cubic-Foot Volume of Loblolly Pine to Any Height Limit

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang V. Cao ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Flexible methods for computing the contents of various portions of tree boles are necessary with today's changing utilization standards. Equations are presented for estimating the cubic-foot volume of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees to any desired height. The procedure involves predicting total stem volume and converting total volume to merchantable volume.

Use of Randomized Branch and Importance Sampling to Estimate Loblolly Pine Biomass

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Importance Sampling ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Source Of Error

Abstract A previously developed sampling method utilizing randomized branch and importance sampling for the purpose of quickly estimating tree biomass was tested on five loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees. Results show a wide range of per-tree sampling error, ranging from 5.3 to 28.9%. Largevariation in foliage content among selected branches per treee may be a major source of error. However, the sampling error for the total biomass of the five trees tested was only 3.3%. This sampling method appears to be reliable and efficient in obtaining precise estimates of the total biomassof a population of trees. Increased sampling intensity per tree is necessary to obtain precise estimates of individual tree biomass. South. J. Appl. For. 13(4):181-184.

Construction of compatible and additive individual-tree biomass models for Pinus tabulaeformis in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
WeiSheng Zeng ◽  
LianJin Zhang ◽  
XinYun Chen ◽  
ZhiChu Cheng ◽  
KeXi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Chinese Pine ◽  
Biomass Models

Current biomass models for Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) fail to accurately estimate biomass in large geographic regions because they were usually based on limited sample trees on local sites, incompatible with stem volume, and not additive among components and total biomass. This study was based on mensuration data of individual-tree biomass from large samples of Chinese pine. The purpose was to construct compatible and additive biomass models using the nonlinear error-in-variable simultaneous equations and dummy variable modeling approach. This approach could ensure compatibility of an aboveground biomass model with a biomass conversion factor (BCF) and a stem volume model and compatibility of a belowground biomass model with a root-to-shoot ratio (RSR) model. Also, stem, branch, and foliage biomass models were additive to the aboveground biomass model. Results showed that mean prediction errors (MPEs) of the developed one- and two-variable aboveground biomass models were less than 4% and MPEs of the three-component (stem, branch, and foliage) and belowground biomass models were less than 10%. Furthermore, the effects of main climate variables on above- and below-ground biomass were analyzed. Aboveground biomass was related to mean annual temperature (MAT), while belowground biomass had no significant relationship with either MAT or mean annual precipitation (MAP). The developed models provide a good basis for estimating biomass of Chinese pine forests.

scholarly journals Influence of Precommercial Thinning and Fertilization on Total Stem Volume and Lower Stem Form of Loblolly Pine

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Two cultural treatments were applied in an overstocked loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)plantation (2,900 trees/ha after eight growing seasons): precommercial thinning (Yes or No) to 747 trees/ha after the eighth growing season and broadcast fertilization (Yes or No) with diammonium phosphate (150 kg/ha of P and 135 kg/ha of N) early in the ninth growing season. Total height and diameter at breast height (dbh) measurements were taken periodically through the 14th growing season. Fertilization increased tree volume more than thinning in the 9th through 10th growing seasons, but thinning was most effective by the 13th growing season. Over the 6-year period, thinning was the most effective cultural practice: check, 110 dm3; fertilized only, 135 dm3; thinned only, 165 dm3; and thinned and fertilized, 220 dm3/loblolly pine tree. After the 14th growing season, the first 5 m of bole was divided into five sections beginning at a 15-cm stump height: 15–30, 30–60, 60–125, 125–250, and 250–500 cm, and the volume for each section was calculated. Outside-bark volume per section increased consistently with thinning and fertilization; therefore, cultural practices did not change stem form in the lower bole. South. J. Appl. For. 29(4):215–220.

Using miniature-scale plantations as experimental tools for assessing sustainability issues

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L Amateis ◽  
Mahadev Sharma ◽  
Harold E Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Scaled Models ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Decisions concerning ecosystem management, forest certification, and sustainable management require stand- and tree-level information that reflects current silvicultural and management practices. Typical forest stands, however, take years to mature making timely data collection, analyses, and reporting difficult. Further, collecting and evaluating certain forest stand information that affects sustainability such as belowground biomass response or response to changing climatic factors is often intractable. One modeling tool that may be useful for supplying future informational needs at the tree and stand level is the use of miniature scale plantations. Data from a miniature scale spacing trial for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) that was established at 1:16 scale to an operational study suggest that important stand characteristics associated with forest productivity develop similarly at the two scales. Once models are formulated that relate the size of trees (spatially scaled models) and the rates of growth (temporally scaled models) grown at miniature scale to their operational scale counterparts, it may become feasible to conduct experimentation in miniature and make inferences to operational scales.

scholarly journals Deriving compatible taper functions from volume ratio equations based on upper-stem height

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1424-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Lynch ◽  
Dehai Zhao ◽  
Will Harges ◽  
John Paul McTague
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
Prediction Systems ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Taper Equations ◽  
Tree Stem

A very common model for prediction of tree stem volumes to upper-stem height or diameter limits is the use of a merchantable to total volume ratio function multiplied by a total stem volume function. Many users of these prediction systems also desire taper equations that can predict heights to upper-stem diameters. While taper equations compatible with volume ratio equations have been used for many years, compatible taper equations from volume ratio equations that are functions of upper-stem height have been used infrequently. Yet many studies have indicated that height-based ratio equations perform well and frequently have statistics of fit that are comparable with diameter-based volume ratio equations. Compatible taper equations derived from height-based ratio equations are presented here. The methodology that uses height-based merchantable to total volume ratios does not require the solution of a differential equation after differentiating the height-based volume ratio, as is necessary when using the method of deriving taper equations from diameter-based merchantable to total volume ratios. This could be an advantage depending on the complexity of the ratio function. Example taper equations fitted to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) data from the southeastern USA and the state of Oklahoma, USA, indicate good fit to these data, whether fitted directly to taper data or implicitly by using parameters fitted to volume ratio data.

scholarly journals Hand-Lifting Improves Field Performance of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Greene ◽  
S. Tannis Danley
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were lifted from two Georgia nurseries and planted on six sites in Georgia and Alabama during the winter of 1997/1998. Survival, height, and groundline diameters were measured after two growing seasons. Hand-lifted seedlings from both nurseries were taller than machine-lifted seedlings across all sites by 7–14 cm, resulting in stem volume index increases of 19–30% over 2 yr. Survival of hand-lifted seedlings was higher (P < 0.05) for the nursery using a two-row belt lifter. Seedlings from outer drills at this nursery were 10 cm taller and produced 21% more stem volume after 2 yr than seedlings from inner drills. South. J. Appl. For. 25(3):131–135.

Correspondence between Breeding Values of the Same Pinus taeda L. Genotypes from Clonal Trials and Half-Sib Seedling Progeny Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-611
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nasir Shalizi ◽  
Salvador Alejandro Gezan ◽  
Steven E McKeand ◽  
Joshua R Sherrill ◽  
W Patrick Cumbie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract The correspondence between breeding values of 65 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes from clonal genetic tests and half-sib seedling progeny tests was studied in the southern United States. The two experiments were established separately, 10 years apart. Additive genetic variance estimates from clonal tests were larger compared with the estimates from the half-sib progeny tests, regardless of the covariance structure used in the statistical models and the traits. However, clone-mean and half-sib family-mean heritability estimates were comparable for all traits, ranging between 0.88 and 0.99. Based on the independent analysis, the correlation between the breeding values of the same genotypes from two propagule types was moderate (0.59) for tree height and stem volume. The combined analysis resulted in a strong genetic correlation (&gt;0.93) between the breeding values of two propagule types. Herein the large discrepancy is mainly the outcome of different data analytical approaches. Conclusively, selecting genotypes for deployment based on clonal testing may not be optimal, but forest tree breeders can use the results from clonal tests to make some informed decisions.

scholarly journals Above- and below-ground biomass accumulation, production, and distribution of sweetgum and loblolly pine grown with irrigation and fertilization

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Coyle ◽  
Mark D. Coleman ◽  
Doug P. Aubrey
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Aboveground Production ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Nutrient Amendments

Increased forest productivity has been obtained by improving resource availability through water and nutrient amendments. However, more stress-tolerant species that have robust site requirements do not respond consistently to irrigation. An important factor contributing to robust site requirements may be the distribution of biomass belowground, yet available information is limited. We examined the accumulation and distribution of above- and below-ground biomass in sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) stands receiving irrigation and fertilization. Mean annual aboveground production after 4 years ranged from 2.4 to 5.1 Mg·ha–1·year–1 for sweetgum and from 5.0 to 6.9 Mg·ha–1·year–1 for pine. Sweetgum responded positively to irrigation and fertilization with an additive response to irrigation + fertilization. Pine only responded to fertilization. Sweetgum root mass fraction (RMF) increased with fertilization at 2 years and decreased with fertilization at 4 years. There were no detectable treatment differences in loblolly pine RMF. Development explained from 67% to 98% of variation in shoot versus root allometry for ephemeral and perennial tissues, fertilization explained no more than 5% of the variation in for either species, and irrigation did not explain any. We conclude that shifts in allocation from roots to shoots do not explain nutrient-induced growth stimulations.

Site Preparation and Fertilizer Increase Pine Growth on Soils Compacted in Logging

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyndon E. Hatchell
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Tree-length logging with rubber-tired skidders compacted the soil on a poorly drained site in the South Carolina coastal plain. Soil compaction reduced loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling growth but not survival. Bedding or a moderate amount of fertilizer improved four-year growth on compacted soil, and these treatments applied in combination produced the best seedling growth. A greater response to fertilizer was obtained on compacted soil than on uncompacted soil.

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