Using miniature-scale plantations as experimental tools for assessing sustainability issues

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L Amateis ◽  
Mahadev Sharma ◽  
Harold E Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Scaled Models ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Decisions concerning ecosystem management, forest certification, and sustainable management require stand- and tree-level information that reflects current silvicultural and management practices. Typical forest stands, however, take years to mature making timely data collection, analyses, and reporting difficult. Further, collecting and evaluating certain forest stand information that affects sustainability such as belowground biomass response or response to changing climatic factors is often intractable. One modeling tool that may be useful for supplying future informational needs at the tree and stand level is the use of miniature scale plantations. Data from a miniature scale spacing trial for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) that was established at 1:16 scale to an operational study suggest that important stand characteristics associated with forest productivity develop similarly at the two scales. Once models are formulated that relate the size of trees (spatially scaled models) and the rates of growth (temporally scaled models) grown at miniature scale to their operational scale counterparts, it may become feasible to conduct experimentation in miniature and make inferences to operational scales.

Compacting Coastal Plain soils changes midrotation loblolly pine allometry by reducing root biomass

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2169-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim H. Ludovici
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Factorial combinations of soil compaction and organic matter removal were replicated at the Long Term Site Productivity study in the Croatan National Forest, near New Bern, North Carolina, USA. Ten years after planting, 18 preselected loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) trees were destructively harvested to quantify treatment effects on total above- and below-ground tree biomass and to detect any changes in the absolute and relative allocation patterns. Stem volume at year 10 was not affected by compaction treatments, even though the ultisols on these sites continued to have higher bulk densities than noncompacted plots. However, even when site preparation treatments were undetectable aboveground, the treatments significantly altered absolute root growth and tree biomass allocation patterns. Soil compaction decreased taproot production and significantly increased the ratio of aboveground to belowground biomass. Decreased root production will decrease carbon and nutrient stores belowground, which may impact future site productivity.

scholarly journals Ice Damage in Thinned and Nonthinned Loblolly Pine Plantations Infected with Fusiform Rust

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Belanger ◽  
J.F. Godbee ◽  
R.L. Anderson ◽  
J.T. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Stem Breakage ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Portions of two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in central Georgia were thinned in 1982 to remove trees with severe fusiform rust infections on the main stem. In January 1983, a widespread ice storm damaged both plantations. Stem breakage and storm-related mortality were greater in thinned than in nonthinned portions of the plantations. There was a weak association between the occurrence of stem breakage and location of rust infections. Tree-ring chronologies show that trees with the greatest potential for stem growth are also most susceptible to ice damage. Significant losses in the diameter and basal area growth of damaged trees occurred during the first year after the storm. The stem growth of trees with severe crown damage did not totally recover during the 5-yr period following the storm. The demands for restoring crown components in damaged trees appear to take precedence over lower stem growth. Findings are related to storm conditions, tree and stand characteristics, and management practices. South. J. Appl. For. 20(3):136-140.

scholarly journals Irrigation and Fertilization Effects on Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Damage Levels and Pupal Weight in an Intensively-Managed Pine Plantation2

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Coyle ◽  
John T. Nowak ◽  
Christopher J. Fettig
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The widespread application of intensive forest management practices throughout the southeastern U.S. has increased loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., yields and shortened conventional rotation lengths. Fluctuations in Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), population density and subsequent damage levels have been linked to variations in management intensity. We examined the effects of two practices, irrigation and fertilization, on R. frustrana damage levels and pupal weights in an intensively-managed P. taeda plantation in South Carolina. Trees received intensive weed control and one of the following treatments: irrigation only, fertilization only, irrigation + fertilization, or control. Mean whole-tree tip moth damage levels ranged from <1 to 48% during this study. Damage levels differed significantly among treatments in two tip moth generations in 2001, but not 2000. Pupal weight was significantly heavier in fertilization compared to the irrigation treatment in 2000, but no significant differences were observed in 2001. Tree diameter, height, and aboveground volume were significantly greater in the irrigation + fertilization than in the irrigation treatment after two growing seasons. Our data suggest that intensive management practices that include irrigation and fertilization do not consistently increase R. frustrana damage levels and pupal weights as is commonly believed. However, tip moth suppression efforts in areas adjacent to our study may have partially reduced the potential impacts of R. frustrana on this experiment.

Foliage biomass distribution of loblolly pine as affected by tree dominance, crown size, and stand characteristics

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingguang Xu ◽  
Timothy B Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distributions ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

Horizontal and vertical distributions of foliage biomass of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were analyzed for 30 trees in a plantation that had developed 12 years after several site-preparation treatments in the Georgia Piedmont, U.S.A. Regression analyses indicated that foliage biomass of individual branches increased with branch diameter and with branch relative height. Weibull models were used to characterize foliage biomass distributions and analyses revealed that branch foliage biomass distribution varied with branch-level, tree-level, and stand-level variables. Results indicate that the proportion of foliage biomass occurring within the inner crown increased with branch diameter and relative height. For trees of greater dominance, branch foliage biomass was more evenly distributed across the branch length. With increasing crown ratio of a tree, branch foliage biomass shifted from the inner to the outer crown. For trees of greater dominance, the vertical distribution of crown foliage biomass was more even, whereas less dominant trees shifted their foliage to the top of the crown. For trees of similar dominance, crown foliage tended to shift upward as stand leaf area index increased.

How Good is Sonderegger Pine?

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
L. T. Henderson ◽  
R. E. Schoenike
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Branch Angle ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Thirteen traits were evaluated on 131 Sonderegger (Pinus x sondereggeri Chap.) and 69 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees within two 20-year-old mixed pine plantations located in the South Carolina upper coastal plain. Of the traits measured, bark thickness was found to be slightly greater in Sonderegger pine and branch angle more acute in loblolly pine. No difference was found in height, d.b.h., or volume between the two species. However, considerable variation was observed within each species for most traits. Fusiform rust damage on Sonderegger boles did not differ in severity from that observed on loblolly pine. Highly vigorous trees of the hybrid showed no more susceptibility to fusiform rust than did less vigorous trees. On an index scoring basis, several trees of Sonderegger pine were found that might quality for a southern pine breeding program. From these results, we see no reason to discriminate against Sonderegger pine in thinnings and other stand management practices when it occurs with other pines on similar sites in the southeastern United States.

The Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): A Literature Review with Management Implications

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Asaro ◽  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Kenneth W. McCravy ◽  
John T. Nowak ◽  
C. Wayne Berisford
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽  
Rhyacionia Frustrana ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Management Recommendations

The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), an important pest of intensively-managed loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., was first noted in the scientific literature in 1879. This pest gained notoriety with the establishment of loblolly pine monocultures throughout the southeastern United States during the 1950s. Current intensive forest management practices have led to increasing interest in managing this insect. Herein we review all Nantucket pine tip moth literature (1879–2002) by addressing the following subjects: biology and life history, natural enemies, sampling methodologies, site and stand influences, economic impact, and management strategies. Further, we provide management recommendations in the form of a decision chart that is based upon the best available information to date and our collective experience.

scholarly journals A Consensus Map for Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.). I. Construction and Integration of Individual Linkage Maps From Two Outbred Three-Generation Pedigrees

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell M Sewell ◽  
Bradley K Sherman ◽  
David B Neale
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Mapping Function ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Consensus Map ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A consensus map for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was constructed from the integration of linkage data from two unrelated three-generation outbred pedigrees. The progeny segregation data from restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and isozyme genetic markers from each pedigree were recoded to reflect the two independent populations of parental meioses, and genetic maps were constructed to represent each parent. The rate of meiotic recombination was significantly greater for males than females, as was the average estimate of genome length for males {1983.7 cM [Kosambi mapping function (K)]} and females [1339.5 cM(K)]. The integration of individual maps allows for the synthesis of genetic information from independent sources onto a single consensus map and facilitates the consolidation of linkage groups to represent the chromosomes (n = 12) of loblolly pine. The resulting consensus map consists of 357 unique molecular markers and covers ∼1300 cM(K).

Long-term effects of stand density management and genotype on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the mid-South USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 491 ◽  
pp. 119176
Author(s):  
Michael A. Blazier ◽  
Thomas Hennessey ◽  
Laurence Schimleck ◽  
Scott Abbey ◽  
Ryan Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stand Density Management ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

scholarly journals Competition Effects on Growth and Crown Dimensions of Shortleaf and Loblolly Pine in Mature, Natural-Origin, Pine–Hardwood Mixtures of the Upper West Gulf Coastal Plain of Arkansas, USA: A Neighborhood Analysis

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bataineh ◽  
Ethan Childs
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Crown Dimensions

The need for a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of competition has never been more important as plants adapt to a changing environment and as forest management evolves to focus on maintaining and enhancing complexity. With the recent decline in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) land area, it is critical to determine the effects of competition on shortleaf pine and its performance against loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), the preferred planted replacement. We evaluate differences in shortleaf and loblolly pine 10 year mean basal area increment (BAI) and crown dimensions across a gradient of neighborhoods. Linear mixed-effects regression models were developed using BAI and several crown metrics as responses and crowding, competitor species abundance and identity, and initial size and species identity of focal tree as predictors. Crowding of focal trees negatively impacted BAI and crown size (p < 0.001, respectively). Although loblolly pine had three times higher BAI as compared to shortleaf pine within similar neighborhoods, BAI was variable, and the crowding effect did not differ between shortleaf and loblolly pine (p ranged from 0.51–0.99). Competitive impacts on focal trees did not differ by competitor identity (p ranged from 0.07–0.70). Distance-independent competition indices better explained the variation in BAI and horizontal crown metrics, while distance-dependent size ratios were more effective at evaluating vertical crown metrics. These findings highlight shortleaf pine competitive potential in mature, natural-origin stands and provide support for the restoration of pine–hardwood and hardwood–pine stratified mixtures as well as management of shortleaf pine at long rotations.

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