Forest road network design using a trade-off analysis between skidding and road construction costs

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woodam Chung ◽  
Jürg Stückelberger ◽  
Kazuhiro Aruga ◽  
Terrance W. Cundy
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Network Problem ◽  
Creek Watershed

Designing forest road networks in a large forest land is a challenging task because many feasible alternatives exist and need to be analyzed. To provide field managers with an analytical tool that can create and analyze alternative road networks, we have developed a road network optimization model. The model formulates a large network problem in which links represent two timber transportation options from evenly distributed timber locations: on-road transportation via new roads and off-road transportation using skidders. A heuristic network algorithm is employed to solve the network problem and identify cost-efficient road networks for timber harvesting under given cost parameters. To demonstrate our model, we applied it to a 4760 ha forest in the upper part of the Mica Creek watershed in Idaho owned by Potlatch Forest Holdings, Inc. The sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the model’s performance under various cost and volume settings. The model-generated road network was compared with a road network proposed by experienced forest engineers in Potlatch. The sensitivity analyses confirm that the model appropriately responds to changes in input parameters. Comparisons between the model output and the manually designed road network indicate that the model tends to develop a tree-shape road network to evenly cover the entire management area.

scholarly journals Independent Map Enhancement for a Spatial Road Network: Fundamental Applications and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sultan Alamri
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Developing Cities ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Future Work

In many developing cities, the improvement of transport infrastructure is usually accompanied by major road construction and maintenance. This paper presents approaches and opportunities using peer-to-peer updating to improve spatial road networks undergoing construction and maintenance, which in turn will improve traffic flow and benefit cities overall. In many cities, the spatial road network requires maintenance, and these works often require traffic detours. With the current GPS (Global Positioning System) services, there is a noticeable delay in the updating of many spatial road networks. Thus, when a driver plans a trip to a certain location (such as Starbucks), his/her usual route may have changed, but the spatial road network in the GPS has not been updated. This can affect the user in many ways. For example, a trip that usually takes five minutes might now take half an hour, taking into account the additional time required to find alternative roads and possibly encountering more unexpected road closures, until the driver reaches his/her destination. This paper addresses this issue by proposing solutions that offer several advantages including a new peer-to-peer updating mechanism that helps to direct the driver to another route when road changes occur. Moreover, the peer-to-peer updating mechanism can enable the independent monitoring of road conditions and the updating of maps for newly-constructed roads, as well as the analysis of road congestions, traffic density, and people movements at certain times. Note that this work focuses on the conceptual ideas and approaches intended to improve independent maps, and the detailed algorithms have been left for future work.

scholarly journals Design of forest road network in relation to all-society functions of forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
M. Kašková
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Management Development ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Road Planning ◽  
Forest Road Construction ◽  
Made In

The basic condition of forest management development is the accessibility of the forest. A design of the forest road network in relation to all-society functions of forests has been made in the catchment of the Vilčok stream. The catchment is situated in Protected Landscape Area Beskydy. The method Quantification and quantitative evaluation of functions of forests as a basis for their evaluation (Vyskot et al. 2003) was used for the design. This method can be applied to road planning. It can serve as another component in the decision-making process of the planning of forest road construction.

scholarly journals Challenges in Forest Road Maintenance in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
North America ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Forest Road

Maintenance is a key component of managing a forest road network. Forest road networks in North America are managed to provide economic access to forest resources while minimizing the environmental impacts of those roads. While managers understand the importantance of road maintenance, there is a considerable backlog in the maintenance required on most forest road networks. This article reviews challenges across North America in forest road maintenance. Challenges reviewed include those associated with climate change, changing land use and intermingled ownerships, legacy roads, decision support, and financial barriers.

scholarly journals Analysis of Land Surface Temperature Evolution Based on Regional Road Scope

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Fabao Liu ◽  
Xingli Jia ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
Ao Du ◽  
Dang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Propagation Models

To balance sustainable road construction and environmental impact, intrinsic relationships between regional road networks and land surface temperature (LST) along the roads must be examined. In this study, we hypothesize that expanding road networks can affect the LST within a given region. Thus, we determined the influence of varying road grades on the surrounding LST. Using an improved single-window algorithm with reasonably adjusted water vapor parameters, LST data for the relevant areas were extracted from Landsat 8 data. Analyzing these data revealed that, in the improved single-window algorithm, the MOD05 L2 water vapor parameter could obtain results, indicating that road grades are positively correlated with LST changes when road network mileage is increased. In addition, we found that LST was increased by highways and low-grade roads over distances of 180 m and 150 m compared with the surrounding area, respectively. Furthermore, LST was affected by road interchanges over a distance of 300 m and by intersections formed by low-grade roads over 150 m; both have a linear nonuniform influence on the propagation models. Finally, we determined that different highways in the LST radiation range can interact to form an LST concentration zone, resulting in further LST increases.

scholarly journals Optimization of a forest road network.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
P.J.M. Wijngaard ◽  
M.P. Reinders
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Database Management ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Travelling Salesman ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
New Model ◽  
Commercial Program

A new planning model was developed that does not specify parallel road networks as in existing models (e.g. Larsson's). The new model, based on the 'travelling salesman' algorithm, consists of 2 complementary models for flat and broken terrain which are reproduced in the synopsis together with Larsson's model. Software (written in FORTRAN 77) was developed for these models, incorporating a database management system (an existing commercial program) for program variables. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Geographic Information System(GIS) and Roadeng Usage to Determine the Environmentally Sensitive Forest Road Route in Mountainous Terrain

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Erhan Çalışkan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
Longitudinal Profiles ◽  
Gis Software

Road between two known points and placing the various economic and environmental factors that require consideration is a highly complex engineering problems. Engineers, soil conservation and water resources, taking into account the total road construction, maintenance and handling cost is the lowest of the route is difficult to determine. Forest road construction and maintenance costs of raw wood is a significant proportion of the total cost of production. Of forest road network planning, forest villages transportation, production work, social needs, providing transportation to the recreation area, depending on the functional use of forests that are made according to the purpose. In this study, by using GIS and Roadeng Technology planning forest road network planning was make zero line, curve, longitudinal profiles, cross sections, such as the amount of excavation and filling all the planning criteria are determined. Roadeng of software for planning of forest roads; surveillance, compliance of the terrain and the location of the module were investigated. Look at the slope of the land and river maps with GIS software has been created.Roadeng numerical software made its way forest we have done with classical methods and technical processes are automatically offers more detailed and more quickly practitioners do on computers.

Geographic Information System(GIS) and Roadeng Usage to Determine the Environmentally Sensitive Forest Road Route in Mountainous Terrain

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Erhan Çalışkan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
Longitudinal Profiles ◽  
Gis Software

Road between two known points and placing the various economic and environmental factors that require consideration is a highly complex engineering problems. Engineers, soil conservation and water resources, taking into account the total road construction, maintenance and handling cost is the lowest of the route is difficult to determine. Forest road construction and maintenance costs of raw wood is a significant proportion of the total cost of production. Of forest road network planning, forest villages transportation, production work, social needs, providing transportation to the recreation area, depending on the functional use of forests that are made according to the purpose. In this study, by using GIS and Roadeng Technology planning forest road network planning was make zero line, curve, longitudinal profiles, cross sections, such as the amount of excavation and filling all the planning criteria are determined. Roadeng of software for planning of forest roads; surveillance, compliance of the terrain and the location of the module were investigated. Look at the slope of the land and river maps with GIS software has been created.Roadeng numerical software made its way forest we have done with classical methods and technical processes are automatically offers more detailed and more quickly practitioners do on computers.

scholarly journals Optimisation of forest road network under principles of functionally integrated forest management

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hrůza
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Integrated Forest Management ◽  
Opening Up

A traditional approach to problems of the opening-up of forests has been based primarily on technical and economic aspects. It results particularly from the ground configuration and calculations of minimum costs for logging and transport operations. Optimum density of main forest roads is determined by a minimum value of the summary curve of costs of forest road construction and timber skidding. A new conception from the aspect of integrated forest management taking into account forest functions is based on a standard approach when technical and economic aspects are complemented by the particular functions of the forest. Thus, the technical and economic approach is changed to a technical-economic-environmental conception that will contribute to a reduction in negative effects of the construction of forest road network on the environment.

scholarly journals Impact of Forest Roads on Hydrological Processes

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201
Author(s):  
Aristeidis Kastridis
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact

The current review summarizes the knowledge generated by the recently published studies of the last twenty years, in the field of forest road networks, concerning the impact of forest road construction on hydrological processes. The currently applied methodology techniques/practices are discussed, the findings are highlighted and effective mitigation measures to mitigate the impact of forest roads are proposed. Critical for the minimization of the impact of forest roads on overland flow is the significant decrease in road surface runoff and overland flow velocity. The decrease in runoff energy reduces the detachment of soil particles and transportation in streams. The disturbances of forest roads in logging areas should be limited to decrease soil erosion. Additionally, aiming to minimize sediment transportation into the streams, it is very important to reduce the connectivity between the forest roads (or skid trails) and streams. The positive role of vegetation and organic matter on the road prism, naturally/technically established riparian buffers along the streams, and the use of appropriate bioengineering designs for each area significantly decrease the runoff generation and sedimentation. From a construction point of view, the decrease in short and long-term forest road-related impact could be achieved by reducing the depth of excavations and the use of soil compaction limiting technology during forest works. The road network design should be more efficient, avoiding hydrologically active zero-order basins. Techniques that minimize the length and connectivity among skid trails, unpaved roads and streams are highly crucial. Broad-based dips, immediate revegetation and outsloping of the road base are considered good road construction practices. Research should be focused on the hydrologic behavior of forest road networks and on the impact at the watershed scale, the degree of connectivity, utilizing plenty of qualitative field data, especially during intense rainfall events, which has been proven to exacerbate the runoff and sediment generation and transportation into the stream networks.

scholarly journals Automatic Toll Collection System and Detection of Theft Vehicle by using RFID

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ovaiz A ◽  
Pradeep Katta ◽  
Senthil Kumar R ◽  
Hariharan R ◽  
Thanigaivel T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Collection System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Toll Plazas ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Automated Registration ◽  
Day By Day

The road transportation in India has growing day by day. The Indian road network carries about 65 percent of its Goods and about 85 percent of passengers. The national highways in India are now increased from 44,076 miles to 88,313 miles in 2018 to 2019. Along these road networks there are about 450 toll plazas totally in India. These toll plazas contribute some major part of India’s economy, it is estimated the toll revenue can swell up to 1 lakh crore rupees in next five years. In spite of this enormous growth the toll plazas have huge traffic during peak most of the time which incurs delay and loss human hours to surpass the toll. The proposed system focuses on an automatic toll collection system which will automatically debit the amount from vehicle owner’s bank. The automated registration and collection are based on using the RFID chip which is amalgamated in the vehicle’s windshield. By this method, the information about registration ID of the vehicle can be obtained therefore stolen vehicle can also be detected by this system as the vehicle ID is linked to the user’s account. Thus, this system provides fast and efficient surpassing of toll plazas without any delay.

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